References
- ABRAMOVITZ , M. 1986 . Catching up, forging ahead and falling behind . Journal of Economic History , 43 : 385 – 406 .
- AMABLE , B. 1993 . Catch‐up and convergence: a model of cumulative growth . International Review of Applied Economics , 7 : 1 – 25 .
- ARMSTRONG , H. W. and VICKERMAN , R. W. 1995 . Convergence and Divergence Among European Regions , London : ERRS/Pion .
- AZARIADIS , C. and DRAZEN , A. 1990 . Threshold externalities in economic development . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 2 : 501 – 526 .
- BABETSKI , J. and MAUREL , M. 2002 . “ Regional convergence and institutional development in Russia ” . In Russia's Opening and the Common European Economic Space , Edited by: SAMSON , I. , GREFFE , X. and BRUNAT , E. Moscow : RECEP White Book .
- BACHTLER , J. and TUROK , I. 1997 . The Coherence of European Union Regional Policy: Contrasting Perspectives on the Structural Funds , London : Jessica Kingsley .
- BALDWIN , R. , FORSLID , R. , MARTIN , P. , OTTAVIANO , G. and ROBERT‐NICOUD , F. 2005 . Economic Geography and Public Policy , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
- BARRO , R. J. 1997 . Determinants of Economic Growth , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
- BARRO , R. J. and SALA‐I‐MARTIN , X. 1999 . Economic Growth , London : MIT Press .
- BAUMOL , W. J. , NELSON , R. R. and WOLFF , E. 1994 . Convergence of Productivity: Cross National Studies and Historical Evidence , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- BEELEN , E. , VERSPAGEN , B. , FAGERBERG , J. and VERSPAGEN , B. 1994 . “ The role of convergence in trade and sectoral growth ” . In The Dynamics of Technology, Trade and Growth , Edited by: VON TUNZELMANN , N. 75 – 98 . Aldershot : Edward Elgar .
- BEINE , M. , DOCQUIER , F. and HECQ , A. 1999 . Convergence des groupes en Europe: une analyse sur données régionales . Revue d'Economie Régionale et Urbaine , 1 : 45 – 62 .
- BEN‐DAVID , D. 1994 . Convergence Clubs and Diverging Economies , Discussion Paper Series 922 London : CEPR .
- BERNARD , A. B. and DURLAUF , S. N. 1996 . Interpreting tests of convergence . Journal of Econometrics , 71 : 161 – 174 .
- BIANCHI , M. 1997 . Testing for convergence: evidence from nonparametric multimodality tests . Journal of Applied Econometrics , 12 : 393 – 409 .
- BLANCHARD , O. J. and KATZ , L. F. 1992 . Regional evolutions . Brookings Papers on Economic Activity , 1 : 1 – 75 .
- BLISS , C. 1999 . Galton's fallacy and economic convergence . Oxford Economic Papers , 51 : 4 – 14 .
- BOSCHMAR , A. and LAMBOOY , J. G. 1999 . Evolutionary economics and economic geography . Journal of Evolutionary Economics , 9 (4) : 411 – 429 .
- BOUBA‐OLGA , O. and CARLUER , F. 2001 . European Regional Clubs: The Role of Agglomeration and Proximity , Paris : Proximity Congress .
- BREZIS , E. , KRUGMAN , P. and TSIDDON , D . 1993 . Leapfrogging in international competition, a theory of cycles in national technological leadership . American Economic Review , 83 : 1211 – 1219 .
- CANIELS , N. and VERSPAGEN , B. 2003 . “ Spatial distance in a technology crop model ” . In European Regional Growth , Edited by: FINGLETON , B. Berlin : Springer .
- CAN OVA , F. 2004 . Testing for convergence clubs in income per capita: a predictive density approach. . International Economic Review , 45 : 49 – 77 .
- CAPPELEN , A. , FAGERBERG , J. and VERSPAGEN , B. 199 . “ Lack of regional convergence ” . In The Economic Challenge for Europe: Adapting to Innovation‐based Growth , Edited by: FAGERBERG , J. , GUERRIERI , J. P. and VERSPAGEN , B. Aldershot : Edward Elgar .
- CARLUER , F. and GAULIER , G. 2005 . The impact of the convergence in the industrial mix on the regional comparative growth: empirical evidence from the French case . Annals of Regional Science , 39 : 85 – 106 .
- CARLUER , E. , LAMANDE , V and SAMSON , I. 2004 . “ Regional disparities and convergence at national and regional level in the candidate countries ” . In Third Report on Economic and Social Cohesion. Needs of Regions in Candidate Countries Eligible for Structural Fund Assistance , Edited by: WARD , T. Brussels : DG Regio, European Commission .
- CARLUER , F. and SHARIPOVA , E. 2004 . The unbalanced dynamics of Russian regions . East‐West , 7 : 1 – 15 .
- CASELLAS , A. and GALLEY , C. C. 1999 . Regional definitions in the European Union: a question of disparities? . Regional Studies , 33 : 551 – 558 .
- CHATTERJI , M. and DEWHURST , J. H. L. 1996 . Convergence clubs and relative economic performance in Great Britain: 1977–1991 . Regional Studies , 30 : 31 – 40 .
- CHESHIRE , P. and CARBONARO , G. 1995 . Convergence/Divergence in Regional Growth Rates: An Empty Black Box? , Discussion Papers in Urban and Regional Economics 8 109 Reading : University of Reading .
- DANA , L. P. 2002 . When Economies Change Paths , London : Imperial College Press .
- DELONG , J. B. 1988 . Productivity growth, convergence, and welfare: comment . American Economic Review , 78 : 1138 – 1154 .
- DOWRICK , S. and NGUYEN , D. 1989 . OECD comparative economic growth 1950–85: catch‐up and convergence . American Economic Review , 79 : 1010 – 1030 .
- DUNFORD , M. 1993 . Regional disparities in the European Community: evidence from the REGIO databank . Regional Studies , 27 : 727 – 743 .
- DUNFORD , M. 1994 . Winners and losers: the new map of economic inequality in the European Union . European Urban and Regional Studies , 27 : 727 – 744 .
- DURLAUF , S. N. , KOURTELLOS , A. and MINKIN , A. 2001 . The local Solow growth model . European Economic Review , 45 : 928 – 940 .
- DURLAUF , S. N. and QUAH , D. T. 1999 . “ The new empirics of economic growth ” . In Handbook of Macroeconomics , Edited by: TAYLOR , J. B. and WOODFORD , M. Vol. IA , Amsterdam : North‐Holland . ch. 4.
- DYKER , D. A. 2004 . Catching Up and Falling Behind: Post‐Communist Transformation in Historical Perspective , London : Imperial College Press .
- ELMSLIE , B. and MILBERG , W . 1996 . The productivity convergence debate: a theoretical and methodological reconsideration . Cambridge Journal of Economics , 20 : 153 – 182 .
- EUROPEAN COMMISSION . 1999 . Cohesion and the Development Challenge: Facing the Lagging Regions , Brussels : EC . No. 1047.
- FIASCHI , D. and LAVEZZI , A. M. 2003 . Distribution dynamics and nonlinear growth . Journal of Economic Growth , 4 : 379 – 402 .
- FINGLETON , B. 1997 . Specification and testing ofMarkov chain models: an application to convergence in the European Union . Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics , 59 : 385 – 403 .
- FINGLETON , B. 2003 . European Regional Growth , Berlin : Springer .
- FINGLETON , B. and MCCOMBIE , J. S. L. 1998 . Increasing returns and economic growth: some evidence for manufacturing from the European Union Regions . Oxford Economic Papers , 50 : 89 – 105 .
- FUJITA , M. , KRUGMAN , P. and VENABLES , A. 1999 . The Spatial Economy. Cities, Regions and International Trade , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
- GALOR , O. 1996 . Convergence? Inferences from theoretical models . Economic Journal , 106 : 1056 – 1069 .
- GALOR , O. and WEIL , D. N. 2000 . Population, technology, and growth: from the Malthusian regime to the demographic transition and beyond . American Economic Review , 90 : 806 – 828 .
- GIOVANETTI , E. 1999 . On the Evolution of Regional Asymmetries , Cambridge : CCSR . Working Paper.
- HAAN, DEN , W J. 1995 . Convergence in stochastic growth models: the importance of understanding why income levels differ . Journal of Monetary Economics , 35 : 65 – 82 .
- ISAACSON , D. L. and MADSEN , R. W. 1976 . Markov Chains: Theory and Applications , New York : Wiley .
- JONES , C. I. 1997 . On the evolution of the world income distribution . Journal of Economic Perspectives , 11 : 19 – 36 .
- KOCENDA , E. 2001 . Macroeconomic convergence in transition countries . Journal of Comparative Economics , 29 : 1 – 23 .
- KOZUL‐WRIGHT , R. and ROWTHORN , R. 2002 . Globalization and the myth of economic convergence . Economie Appliquée , 2 : 141 – 178 .
- LE GALLO , J. 2004 . Space‐time analysis of GDP disparities among European regions: a Markar Chain Approach. . International Regional Science Review , 27 : 138 – 163 .
- LEE , K. , PESARAN , M. H. and SMITH , R. 1997 . Growth and convergence: a multicountry empirical analysis of the Solow growth model. . Journal of Applied Econometrics , 12 : 357 – 392 .
- LICHTENBERG , F. 1994 . Testing the convergence hypothesis . Review of Economics and Statistics , 76 : 576 – 579 .
- LOPEZ‐BAZO , E. , VAYA , E. , MORA , A. J. and SURINACH , J. 1999 . Regional economic dynamics and convergence in the European Union . Annals of Regional Science , 33 : 343 – 370 .
- MAGRINI , S. 1995 . Economic Convergence in the European Union: A Markov Chain Approach , Discussion Papers in Urban and Regional Economics 8 111 Reading : University of Reading .
- MAGRINI , S. 1999 . The evolution of income dispersion among the regions of the European Union . Regional Science and Urban Economics , 29 : 257 – 281 .
- MOTTA , M. , THISSE , J. F. and CABRALES . 1997 . On the persistence of leadership or leapfrogging in international trade . International Economic Review , 38 : 809 – 824 .
- NEVEN , D J. and GOUYETTE , C. 1994 . Regional convergence in the European Community . Revue Economique , 45 : 703 – 713 .
- NORRIS , J. R. 1997 . Markov Chains , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- PEHKONEN , J. and TERVO , H. 1996 . Persistence and turnover in regional employment disparities . Regional Studies , 32 : 445 – 458 .
- PORTNOV , B. A. 1994 . Increase in town territories effectiveness under changing socio‐economic conditions . Modelling, Measurement Control D , 10 : 1 – 28 .
- PORTNOV , B. A. 1998 . Social attractiveness of the urban physical environment: cities of Siberia . Annals of Regional Science , 32 : 525 – 248 .
- PRITCHETT , L. 1997 . Divergence: big time . Journal of Economic Perspectives , 11 : 3 – 18 .
- QUAH , D T. 1993a . Empirical cross‐section dynamics in economic growth . European Economic Review , 37 : 426 – 434 .
- QUAH , D. T. 1993b . Galton's fallacy and tests of the convergence hypothesis . Scandinavian Journal of Economics , 95 : 427 – 443 .
- QUAH , D. T. 1996a . Regional convergence clusters across Europe . European Economic Review , 40 : 951 – 958 .
- QUAH , D T. 1996b . Convergence as Distribution Dynamics (With or Without Growth) , Discussion Paper, Series 317 London : CEPR .
- QUAH , D. T. 1996C . Twin peaks: growth and convergence in models of distribution dynamics . Economic Journal , 106 : 1045 – 1055 .
- QUAH , D. T. 1997 . Empirics for growth and distribution: stratification, polarization, and convergence debate . Journal of Economic Growth , 2 (1) : 27 – 59 .
- REY , S. 2001 . Spatial Dependence in the Evolution of Regional Income Distributions , Urban/Regional 0311002 WUSTL . Working Paper
- REY , S. J. and MONTOURI , B. D. 1999 . US regional convergence: a spatial econometric perspective . Regional Studies , 33 : 143 – 156 .
- SALA‐I‐MARTIN , X. 1996 . The classical approach to convergence analysis . Economic Journal , 106 : 1019 – 1036 .
- SHOW , D. 1987 . “ Siberia: geographic background ” . In Siberia: Prospects for Regional Development , Edited by: WOOD , A. 9 – 34 . London : Croom Helm .
- SILVERMAN , B. W. 1986 . Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis , London : Chapman & Hall .
- SPILERMAN , S. 1972 . The analysis of mobility processes by the introduction of independent variables into a Markov chain . American Sociological Review , 37 : 277 – 294 .
- STEHRER , R. , LANDESMANN , M. A. and BURGSTALLER , J. 2000 . “ Catching‐up at the industrial level ‐ prospects for CEECs ” . In Structural Developments in Central and Eastern Europe , Edited by: LANDESMANN , M. A. 219 – 264 . Vienna : WIIW .
- STEHRER , R. and WORZ , J. 2003 . Technological convergence and trade patterns . Review of World Economics , 139 : 191 – 219 .
- SVEJNAR , J. 2002 . Transition economies: performances and challenges . Journal of Economic Perspectives , 16 : 3 – 28 .
- TEMPLE , J. 1999 . The new growth evidence . Journal of Economic Literature , 37 : 112 – 156 .
- TUMPEL‐GUGERELL , G. and MOOSLECHNER , P. 2003 . Economic Convergence and Divergence in Europe , Aldershot : Edward Elgar .
- VERSPAGEN , B. 1999 . “ European ‘Regional Clubs’: do they exist, and where are they heading? On economic and technological differences between European regions ” . In Economic Growth and Change. National and Regional Patterns of Convergence and Divergence , Edited by: ADAMS , J. and PIGLIARU , F. 236 – 256 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
- YOUNG , A. , TEODOROVIC , I. and KOVEOS , P. 2002 . Economies in Transition , London : Imperial College Press .