The Significance of Entry and Exit for Regional Productivity Growth

References

• Ács Z. J. and Varga A. (2005) Entrepreneurship, agglomeration and technological change, Small Business Economies 3, 323–334. doi: 10.1007/s11187-005-1998-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal R. and Gort M. (1996) The evolution of markets and entry, exit and survival of firms, Review of Economics and Statistics 78, 489–498. doi: 10.2307/2109796
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aghion P., Blundell R., Griffith R., Howitt P. and Prantl S. (2009) The effects of entry on incumbent innovation and productivity, Review of Economics and Statistics 91, 20–32. doi: 10.1162/rest.91.1.20
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiyar S. and Dalgaard C.-J. (2005) Total Factor Productivity Revised: A Dual Approach to Development Accounting. International Monetary Fund (IMF) Staff Papers 52, pp. 82–102.
   Google Scholar
• Aldrich H. (1999) Organizations Evolving. Sage, London.
   Google Scholar
• Andersson M., Braunerhjelm P. and Thulin P. (2012) Creative destruction and productivity: entrepreneurship by type, sector and sequence, Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 1, 125–146. doi: 10.1108/20452101211261417
   Google Scholar
• Audretsch D. (1995) Innovation and Industry Evolution. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Audretsch D. B. and Fritsch M. (1994) Creative destruction: turbulence and economic growth, in Helmstädter E. and Perlman M. (Eds) Behavioral Norms, Technological Progress, and Economic Dynamics: Studies in Schumpeterian Economics, pp. 137–150. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.
   Google Scholar
• Audretsch D. B. and Fritsch M. (2002) Growth regimes over time and space, Regional Studies 36, 113–124. doi: 10.1080/00343400220121909
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audretsch D. and Keilbach M. (2004a) Entrepreneurship and regional growth: an evolutionary interpretation, Journal of Evolutionary Economics 14, 605–616. doi: 10.1007/s00191-004-0228-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audretsch D. and Keilbach M. (2004b) Entrepreneurship capital and economic performance, Regional Studies 38, 949–959. doi: 10.1080/0034340042000280956
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audretsch D. B., Falck O., Feldman M. P. and Heblich S. (2012) Local entrepreneurship in context, Regional Studies 46, 379–389. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2010.490209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bade F.-J. and Nerlinger E. A. (2000) The spatial distribution of new technology-based firms: empirical results for West Germany, Papers in Regional Science 79, 155–176. doi: 10.1007/s101100050041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin J. and Gorecki P. (1991) Entry, exit and productivity growth, in Geroski P. and Schwalbach J. (Eds) Entry and Market Contestability: An International Comparison, pp. 244–256. Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Baptista R. and Karaöz M. (2011) Turbulence in growing and declining industries, Small Business Economics 36, 249–270.30
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlemann M. and Wesselhöft J.-E. (2012) Total factor productivity in German regions, CESifo-Forum 13, 58–65.
   Google Scholar
• Bosma N., Stam E. and Schutjens V. (2011) Creative destruction and regional productivity growth: evidence from the Dutch manufacturing and services industries, Small Business Economics 36, 401–418. doi: 10.1007/s11187-009-9257-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosma N., Hessels J., Schutjens V., Praag M. V. and Verheul I. (2012) Entrepreneurship and role models, Journal of Economic Psychology 33, 410–424. doi: 10.1016/j.joep.2011.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brixy U. and Grotz R. (2007) Regional patterns and determinants of the success of new firms in Western Germany, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 19, 293–312. doi: 10.1080/08985620701275510
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brixy U., Kohaut S. and Schnabel C. (2006) How fast do newly founded firms mature? Empirical analyses on job quality in start-ups, in Fritsch M. and Schmude J. (Eds) International Studies in Entrepreneurship, pp. 95–112. Springer, Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Brixy U., Sternberg R. and Stüber H. (2013) Why some nascent entrepreneurs do not seek professional assistance, Applied Economic Letters 20, 157–161. Online first: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2012.684783 doi: 10.1080/13504851.2012.684783
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bygrave W. and Minniti M. (2000) The social dynamics of entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 24, 25–36.
   Google Scholar
• Caliendo M. and Kritikos A. (2010) Start-ups by the unemployed: characteristics, survival and direct employment effects, Small Business Economics 35, 71–92. doi: 10.1007/s11187-009-9208-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callejón M. and Segarra A. (1999) Business dynamics and efficiency in industries and regions: the case of Spain, Small Business Economics 13, 253–271. doi: 10.1023/A:1008015317323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carree M. A. and Thurik A. R. (2008) The lag structure of the impact of business ownership on economic performance in OECD countries, Small Business Economics 30, 101–110. doi: 10.1007/s11187-006-9007-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll G. R. and Hannan M. T. (2000) The Demography of Corporations and Industries. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
   Google Scholar
• Caves R. E. (1998) Industrial organization and new findings on the turnover and mobility of firms, Journal of Economic Literature 36, 1947–1982.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cingano F. and Schivardi F. (2004) Identifying the sources of local productivity growth, Journal of the European Economic Association 2, 720–744. doi: 10.1162/1542476041423322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coad A., Frankish J., Roberts R. G. and Storey D. J. (2013) Growth paths and survival chances: an application of Gambler's Ruin theory, Journal of Business Venturing 28, 615–632. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidsson P. (2006) Nascent entrepreneurship: empirical studies and developments, Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship 2, 1–76. doi: 10.1561/0300000005
   Google Scholar
• Dejardin M. (2011) Linking net entry to regional economic growth, Small Business Economics 36, 443–460. doi: 10.1007/s11187-009-9255-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dew-Becker I. and Gordon R. J. (2008) The Role of Labor Market Changes in the Slowdown of European Productivity Growth. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Paper Series No. 13840. NBER, Cambridge, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Disney R., Haskel J. and Heden Y. (2003) Restructuring and productivity growth in UK manufacturing, Economic Journal 113, 666–694. doi: 10.1111/1468-0297.t01-1-00145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falck O. (2007) Mayflies and long-distance runners: the effects of new business formation on industry growth, Applied Economics Letters 14, 919–922. doi: 10.1080/13504850600705877
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falck O., Heblich S. and Luedemann E. (2012) Identity and entrepreneurship: do school peers shape entrepreneurial intentions?, Small Business Economics 39, 39–59. doi: 10.1007/s11187-010-9292-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes D. P. (2005) Are some entrepreneurs more overconfident than others?, Journal of Business Venturing 20, 623–640. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fotopoulos G. and Spence N. (1998) Entry and exit from manufacturing industries: symmetry, turbulence and simultaneity – some empirical evidence from Greek manufacturing industries, 1982–1988, Applied Economics 30, 245–262. doi: 10.1080/000368498326047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankish J. S., Roberts R. G., Coad A., Spears T. C. and Storey D. J. (2013) Do entrepreneurs really learn? Or do they just tell us that they do?, Industrial and Corporate Change 22, 73–106. doi: 10.1093/icc/dts016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey J. and Thalheimer F. (2010) Germany – Regional GVA Inventory. Stuttgart (available at: http://www.vgrdl.de/Arbeitskreis_VGR/DE_GVA-NUTS2_Inventory_en-EN.pdf) (accessed on 5 April 2013).
   Google Scholar
• Fritsch M. (2013) New business formation and regional development: a survey and assessment of the evidence, Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship 9, 249–364. doi: 10.1561/0300000043
   Google Scholar
• Fritsch M. and Mueller P. (2006) The evolution of regional entrepreneurship and growth regimes, in Fritsch M. and Schmude J. (Eds) Entrepreneurship in the Region, pp. 225–244. Springer, New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Fritsch M. and Noseleit F. (2013a) Investigating the anatomy of the employment effect of new business formation, Cambridge Journal of Economics 37, 349–377. doi: 10.1093/cje/bes030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritsch M. and Noseleit F. (2013b) Start-ups, long- and short-term survivors, and their contribution to employment growth, Journal of Evolutionary Economics 23, 719–733. doi: 10.1007/s00191-012-0301-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritsch M. and Schroeter A. (2011) Why does the effect of new business formation differ across regions?, Small Business Economics 36, 383–400. doi: 10.1007/s11187-009-9256-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritsch M. and Wyrwich M. (2013) The long persistence of regional levels of entrepreneurship: Germany, 1925–2005, Regional Studies. DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2013.816414.
   Google Scholar
• Fritsch M., Brixy U. and Falck O. (2006) The effect of industry, region, and time on new business survival – a multi-dimensional analysis, Review of Industrial Organization 28, 285–306. doi: 10.1007/s11151-006-0018-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritsch M., Bublitz E., Sorgner A. and Wyrwich M. (Forthcoming 2013) How much of a socialist legacy? The reemergence of entrepreneurship in the East German transformation to a market economy, Small Business Economics.
   Google Scholar
• Gartner W. B. (1988) ‘Who is an entrepreneur?’ Is the wrong question, American Journal of Small Business 12, 11–32.
   Google Scholar
• Geroski P. A. (1989) Entry, innovation and productivity growth, Review of Economics and Statistics 71, 572–578. doi: 10.2307/1928098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannan M. T. and Freeman J. (1984) Structural inertia and organizational change, American Sociological Review 49, 149–164. doi: 10.2307/2095567
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hethey T. and Schmieder J. F. (2010) Using Worker Flows in the Analysis of Establishment Turnover. Evidence from German Administrative Data. FDZ Methodenreport, 06/2010 (en), Nuremberg, 43 S.
   Google Scholar
• Huffman D. and Quigley J. M. (2002) The role of the university in attracting high tech entrepreneurship: a silicon valley tale, Annals of Regional Science 36, 403–419. doi: 10.1007/s001680200104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchhoff B. A., Newbert S. L., Iftekhar H. and Azrmington C. (2007) The influence of university R&D expenditures on new business formations and employment growth, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 31, 543–559. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00187.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manjón-Antolín M. C. and Arauzo-Carod J.-M. (2008) Firm survival: methods and evidence, Empirica 35, 1–24. doi: 10.1007/s10663-007-9048-x
   Google Scholar
• Martin R. and Sunley P. (2006) Path dependence and regional economic evolution, Journal of Economic Geography 6, 395–437. doi: 10.1093/jeg/lbl012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mata J. and Portugal P. (1994) Life duration of new firms, Journal of Industrial Economics 42, 227–245. doi: 10.2307/2950567
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minniti M. and Bygrave W. (1999) The microfoundations of entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 23, 41–52.
   Google Scholar
• Minniti M. and Lévesques M. (2010) Entrepreneurial types and economic growth, Journal of Business Venturing 25, 305–314. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obschonka M., Schmitt-Rodermund E., Silbereisen R. K., Gosling S. and Potter J. (2013) The regional distribution and correlates of an entrepreneurship-prone personality profile in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom: a socioecological perspective, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 105, 104–22. doi: 10.1037/a0032275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2001) Measuring Productivity Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-Level Productivity Growth (available at: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/29/2352458.pdf). DOI: 10.1787/9789264194519-en
   Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2003) The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries (available at: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/the-sources-of-economic-growth-in-oecd-countries_9789264199460-en). DOI: 10.1787/9789264199460-en
   Google Scholar
• Parker S. C. (2009) The Economics of Entrepreneurship. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Piergiovanni R., Carree M. and Santarelli E. (2012) Creative industries, new business formation, and regional economic growth, Small Business Economics 39, 539–560. doi: 10.1007/s11187-011-9329-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renski H. (2011) External economies of localization, urbanization and industrial diversity and new firm survival, Papers in Regional Science 90, 473–502. doi: 10.1111/j.1435-5957.2010.00325.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds P. D. (2011) New firm creation: a global assessment of national, contextual, and individual factors, Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship 6, 315–496. doi: 10.1561/0300000034
   Google Scholar
• Romer P. M. (1990) Endogenous technological change, Journal of Political Economy 98, 571–602. doi: 10.1086/261725
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romer P. M. (1994) The origins of endogenous growth, Journal of Economic Perspectives 8, 3–23. doi: 10.1257/jep.8.1.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotger G. P., Gørtz M. and Storey D. J. (2012) Assessing the effectiveness of guided preparation for new venture creation and performance: theory and practice, Journal of Business Venturing 27, 506–521. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenkel M. T., Matthews C. H. and Ford M. W. (2009) Making rational use of ‘irrationality’? Exploring the role of need for cognitive closure in nascent entrepreneurial activity, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 21, 51–76. doi: 10.1080/08985620801912467
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schindele Y. and Weyh A. (2011) The direct employment effects of new businesses in Germany revisited: an empirical investigation for 1976–2004, Small Business Economics 36, 353–363. doi: 10.1007/s11187-009-9218-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumpeter J. A. (1912) Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Leipzig.
   Google Scholar
• Schumpeter J. A. (1942/1994) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Duncker & Humblodt; Routledge, New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Seri P. (2010) Obstacles in regional renewing processes: the role of relational inertia in mature Italian industrial districts. Paper presented at the Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics/Dynamics of Institutions & Markets in Europe (DRUID/DIME) Academy Winter 2010, 18. Aalborg, Denmark.
   Google Scholar
• Shane S. (2009) Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy, Small Business Economics 33, 141–149. doi: 10.1007/s11187-009-9215-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaver K. G. (1995) The entrepreneurial personality myth, Business and Economic Review 41, 20–23.
   Google Scholar
• Simon M., Houghton S. M. and Aquino K. (2000) Cognitive biases, risk perception, and venture formation: how individuals decide to start companies, Journal of Business Venturing 15, 113–134. doi: 10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00003-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanworth J., Stanworth C., Granger B. and Blyth S. (1989) Who becomes an entrepreneur?, International Small Business Journal 8, 11–22. doi: 10.1177/026624268900800101
   Google Scholar
• Sternberg R. (2009) Regional dimensions of entrepreneurship, Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship 5, 211–340. doi: 10.1561/0300000024
   Google Scholar
• Vivarelli M. (2013) Is entrepreneurship necessarily good? Microeconomic evidence from developed and developing countries, Industrial and Corporate Change 22, 1453–1495.
   Google Scholar
• Wiegmann J. (2003) Entwicklung der totalen Faktorproduktivität (TFP) nach Wirtschaftszweigen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1992–2000. Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin.
   Google Scholar