REFERENCES
- Alonso, Sonia, John Keane and Wolfgang Merkel. 2011. The Future of Representative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Belchior, Ana Maria. 2013. Explaining left–right party congruence across European party systems: a test of micro-, meso-, and macro-level models. Comparative Political Studies 46 (3): 352–86. doi: 10.1177/0010414012453695
- Blais, Andre and Marc Andre Bodet. 2006. Does proportional representation foster closer congruence between citizens and policy makers? Comparative Political Studies 39 (10): 1243–62. doi: 10.1177/0010414005284374
- Bloomfield, Dan, Kevin Collins, Charlotte Fry and Richard Munton. 2001. Deliberation and inclusion: vehicles for increasing trust in UK public governance?. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 19 (4): 501–13. doi: 10.1068/c6s
- Bornschier, Simon. 2011. Democratization and the emergence of responsive party systems in Latin America. Paper presented at the Workshop “The Formation of Ideologically Based Party Systems”, IPSA-ECPR Joint Conference, São Paulo, 16–19 February.
- Brown, Steven R. 1980. Political Subjectivity: Applications of Q Methodology in Political Science. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Brown, Steven. 2006. A match made in heaven: a marginalized methodology for studying the marginalized. Quality and Quantity 40 (3): 361–82. doi: 10.1007/s11135-005-8828-2
- Castiglione, Dario and M. E. Warren. 2006. Rethinking democratic representation: eight theoretical issues. Paper prepared for Trabalho apresentado no Centre for the Study of Democratic Institutions, University of British Columbia, 18–19 May.
- COLEMAN BATTISTA, JAMES, and JESSE T. RICHMAN. 2011. Party pressure in the US state legislatures. Legislative Studies Quarterly 36 (3): 397–422. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-9162.2011.00020.x
- Córdova, Abby and Mitchell A. Seligson. 2009. Economic crises and democracy in Latin America. PS: Political Science & Politics 42 (4): 673–78.
- DISCH, LISA. 2011. Toward a mobilization conception of democratic representation. American Political Science Review 105 (1): 100–14. doi: 10.1017/S0003055410000602
- Dovi, Susan. 2007. The Good Representative. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
- DOWNS, ANTHONY. 1957. An economic theory of political action in a democracy. Journal of Political Economy 65 (2): 135–50.
- Dryzek, John. 1989. Policy sciences of democracy. Polity 22 (1): 97–118. doi: 10.2307/3234848
- Dryzek, John. 2001. Legitimacy and economy in deliberative democracy. Political Theory, 29 (5): 651–69. doi: 10.1177/0090591701029005003
- Dryzek, John. 2010. Foundations and Frontiers of Deliberative Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Dryzek, John and Christian List. 2003. Social choice theory and deliberative democracy: a reconciliation. British Journal of Political Science 33 (1): 1–28. doi: 10.1017/S0007123403000012
- Dryzek, John and Simon Niemeyer. 2008. Discursive representation. American Political Science Review 102 (4): 481–93. doi: 10.1017/S0003055408080325
- Dunleavy, Patrick and Hugo Ward. 1981. Exogenous voter preferences and parties with state power: some internal problems of economic theories of party competition. British Journal of Political Science 11 (3): 351–80. doi: 10.1017/S0007123400002684
- ELSTER, JON. 1983. Explaining Technical Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Ezrow, Lawrence. 2007. The variance matters: how party systems represent the preferences of voters. The Journal of Politics 69 (1): 182–92. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00503.x
- Ezrow, Lawrence, Catherine De Vries, Marco Steenbergen and Erica Edwards. 2011. Mean voter representation and partisan constituency representation: do parties respond to the mean voter position or to their supporters? Party Politics 17 (3): 275–301. doi: 10.1177/1354068810372100
- Garsten, Bryan. 2009. Representative government and popular sovereignty. In Political Representation, edited by Ian Shapiro, Susan C. Stokes, Elisabeth JeanWood and Alexander S. Kirshner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 90–110.
- Gerber, Elisabeth R. and Jeffrey B. Lewis. 2004. Beyond the median: voter preferences, district heterogeneity, and political representation. Journal of Political Economy 112 (6): 1364–83. doi: 10.1086/424737
- Golder, Matt and Jacek Stramski. 2010. Ideological congruence and electoral institutions. American Journal of Political Science 54 (1): 90–106. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00420.x
- Hardisty, David J., Eric J. Johnson and Elke U. Weber. 2009. A dirty word or a dirty world? Attribute framing. political affiliation and query theory. Psychological Science 21 (1): 86–92. doi: 10.1177/0956797609355572
- Hill, Kim Quaile and Patricia A. Hurley. 1999. Dyadic representation reappraised. American Journal of Political Science 43 (1): 109–37. doi: 10.2307/2991787
- Huber, John D. and G. Bingham Powell. 1994. Congruence between citizens and policymakers in two visions of liberal democracy. World Politics 46 (2): 291–326. doi: 10.2307/2950684
- Kornprobst, Marcus. 2011. The agent’s logics of action: defining and mapping political judgement. International Theory 3 (1): 70–104. doi: 10.1017/S1752971910000291
- Liston, Vanessa, Clodagh Harris and Mark O’Toole. 2013. Bridging normative democratic theory and internet technologies: a proposal for scaling citizen policy deliberations. Policy and Internet 5 (4): 462–85. doi: 10.1002/1944-2866.POI349
- Luna, Juan P. and Elizabeth J. Zechmeister. 2005. Political representation in Latin America: a study of elite-mass congruence in nine countries. Comparative Political Studies 38 (4): 388–416. doi: 10.1177/0010414004273205
- Mair, Peter. 2006. Ruling the void? The hollowing of Western democracy. New Left Review 42: 25–51.
- Mansbridge, Jane. 2003. Rethinking representation. American Political Science Review 97 (4): 515–28. doi: 10.1017/S0003055403000856
- Mansbridge, Jane. 2011. Clarifying the concept of representation. American Political Science Review 105 (3): 621–30. doi: 10.1017/S0003055411000189
- MANZA, JEFF, and FAY LOMAX COOK. 2002. A democratic polity? Three views of policy responsiveness to public opinion in the United States. American Politics Research 30 (6): 630–67. doi: 10.1177/153267302237231
- Mcdonald, Michael D., Silvia M. Mendes and Ian Budge. 2004. What are elections for? Conferring the median mandate. British Journal of Political Science 34 (01): 1–26. doi: 10.1017/S0007123403000322
- Niemeyer, Simon. 2004. Deliberation in the wilderness: displacing symbolic politics. Environmental Politics 13 (2): 347–72. doi: 10.1080/0964401042000209612
- Niemeyer, Simon. 2011. The emancipatory effect of deliberation: empirical lessons from mini-publics. Politics and Society 39 (1): 103–40. doi: 10.1177/0032329210395000
- Otero, Patricia and Juan Rodriguez-Zepeda. 2010. Measuring representation in Latin America: a study of ideological congruence between parties and voters. Paper presented at the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, 2–5 September.
- Parkinson, John. 2003. Legitimacy problems in deliberative democracy. Political Studies 51 (1): 180–96. doi: 10.1111/1467-9248.00419
- Pitkin, Hanna Fenichel. 1967. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Powell, G. 1982. Contemporary Democracies: Participation, Stability and Violence. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- RAISIO, HARRI and PIRKKO VARTIAINEN. 2015. Accelerating the public’s learning curve on wicked policy issues: results from deliberative forums on euthanasia. Policy Sciences 48 (3): 1–23. doi: 10.1007/s11077-015-9221-1
- Ruth, S. 2011. Clientelism, policy responsiveness, and inequality. whatever happened to North South? IPSA-ECPR Joint Conference 2011. Paper presented at the panel “Democracy and Inequality”, Sao Paolo (Brazil).
- Saward, Michael. 2006. The representative claim. Contemporary Political Theory 5 (3): 297–318. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.cpt.9300234
- Saward, Michael. 2009. Authorisation and authenticity: representation and the unelected. Journal of Political Philosophy 17 (1): 1–22. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9760.2008.00309.x
- SCHÖNLEITNER, GÜNTHER. 2005. Can public deliberation democratise state action? Municipal health councils and local democracy in Brazil. In Politicising Democracy: The New Local Politics of Democratisation, edited by J. Harriss, K. Stokke and Olle Törnquist. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 75–106.
- Smirnov, Oleg and James H. Fowler. 2007. Policy-motivated parties in dynamic political competition. Journal of Theoretical Politics 19 (1): 9–31. doi: 10.1177/0951629807071014
- SQUIRES, JUDITH. 2008. The constitutive representation of gender: Extra-parliamentary re-presentations of gender relations 1. Representation 44 (2): 187–204. doi: 10.1080/00344890802080464
- Stephenson, William. 1986. Protoconcursus: the concourse theory of communication: I. Operant Subjectivity 9 (2): 37–58.
- Tipler, Kathleen. 2011. A judgment-based model of democratic institutions: re-evaluating direct legislation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Western Political Science Association, San Antonio, TX, 22 April.
- Urbinati, Nadia. 2005. Continuity and rupture: the power of judgment in democratic representation. Constellations 12 (1): 194–222. doi: 10.1111/j.1351-0487.2005.00412.x
- Urbinati, Nadia and Mark E. Warren. 2008. The concept of representation in contemporary democratic theory. Annual Review of Political Science 11: 387–412.
- Walzer, Michael. 1999. Deliberation, and what else? In Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement, edited by Stephen Macedo. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 58–69.
- Ward, Hugh, Lawerence Ezrow and Han Dorussen. 2011. Globalization, party positions, and the median voter. World Politics 63 (03): 509–47. doi: 10.1017/S004388711100013X
- Yankelovich, D. 1991. Coming to Public Judgment: Making Democracy Work in a Complex World. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.