Size and Personalistic Politics: Characteristics of Political Competition in Four Microstates

References

• Alesina , A. and Spolaore , E. 2005 . The Size of Nations , Cambridge , MA : The MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Anckar, D. (1999) Homogeneity and smallness: Dahl and Tufte revisited, Scandinavian Political Studies, 22(1), pp. 29–44.
   Google Scholar
• Anckar , D. 2002 . Why are small island states democracies? . The Round Table , 365 : 375 – 390 .
   Google Scholar
• Anckar , D. and Anckar , C. 2000 . Democracies without parties . Comparative Political Studies , 33 ( 2 ) : 225 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aristotle (1996) The politics, in S. Everson (Ed.), The Politics and The Constitution of Athens (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Bacciocchi , L. 1999 . Dall'Arengo alla Democrazia dei Partiti: Legislazione Elettorale e Sistema Politico a San Marino , San Marino : Titano .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , B. 2008 . Seychelles: democratising in the shadows of the past . Journal of Contemporary African Studies , 26 : 279 – 293 .
   Google Scholar
• Baldacchino , G. 1993 . Bursting the bubble: the pseudo-development strategies of microstates . Development and Change , 24 ( 1 ) : 29 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldacchino , G. 1997 . Global Tourism and Informal Labour Relations: The Small Scale Syndrome at Work , London : Mansell .
   Google Scholar
• Baldacchino , G. 2012 . Islands and despots . Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 50 ( 1 ) : 103 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedict , B. 1967 . “ Sociological aspects of smallness ” . In Problems of Smaller Territories , Edited by: Benedict , B. University of London : Athlone Press .
   Google Scholar
• Black, G.S. (1974) Conflict in the community: a theory of the effects of community size, The American Political Science Review, 68(3), pp. 1,245–1,261.
   Google Scholar
• Campling , L. , Confiance , H. and Purvis , M.-T. 2011 . Social Policies in Seychelles , London : Commonwealth Secretariat .
   Google Scholar
• Crowards , T. 2002 . Defining the category of ‘small’ states . Journal of International Development , 14 ( 2 ) : 143 – 179 .
   Google Scholar
• Dahl , R.A. 1971 . Polyarchy , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dahl , R.A. and Tufte , E.R. 1973 . Size and Democracy , Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , J.E. and Hart , D. 2002 . Government of Palau , Koror , Republic of Palau : Ministry of Education of Palau .
   Google Scholar
• Diamond , L.J. and Tsalik , S. 1999 . “ Size and democracy: the case for decentralization ” . In Developing Democracy: Towards Consolidation , Edited by: Diamond , L.J. Baltimore , MD : The Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Doumenge , F. 1985 . “ The viability of small intertropical islands ” . In States, Microstates, and Islands , Edited by: Dommen , E. and Hein , P. Dover , NH : Croom Helm .
   Google Scholar
• Downes , A.S. 1988 . On the statistical measurement of smallness: a principal component measure of country size . Social and Economic Studies , 37 ( 3 ) : 75 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Ellis , S. 1996 . Africa and international corruption: the strange case of South Africa and Seychelles . African Affairs , 95 : 165 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrugia , C. 1993 . The special working environment of senior administrators in small states . World Development , 21 ( 2 ) : 221 – 226 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedom House (2012) Freedom in the world, www.freedomhouse.org. [Accessed on 27 September 2012]
   Google Scholar
• Gerring , J. and Zarecki , D. 2011 . Size and Democracy Revisited, DISC Working Papers , Budapest : Central European University .
   Google Scholar
• Gerston , L.N. 1990 . Policymaking by referendum in Palau: grassroots democracy . Asian Affairs , 16 ( 4 ) : 175 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Griffin , C.E. 1994 . The opposition and policy making in the Caribbean: the emergence of high-consensus politics in St. Kitts and Nevis . Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 32 ( 2 ) : 230 – 243 .
   Google Scholar
• Katzenstein , P.J. 1985 . Small States in World Markets , Ithaca , NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kitschelt, H. (2000) Linkages between citizens and politicians in democratic polities, Comparative Political Studies, 33(6/7), pp. 845–879.
   Google Scholar
• Laakso , M. and Taagepera , R. 1979 . ‘Effective’ number of parties A measure with application to West Europe . Comparative Political Studies , 12 ( 1 ) : 3 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowenthal , D. 1987 . “ Social features ” . In Politics, Security, and Development in Small States , Edited by: Clarke , C. and Payne , A. London : Allen & Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Madison , J. 2008 . “ The Federalist Papers ” . In The Federalist Papers , Edited by: Goldman , L. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• McAllister , I. 2007 . “ The personalization of politics ” . In The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior , Edited by: Dalton , R.J. and Klingemann , H.-D. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Midgett , D. 2004 . Pepper and bones: the secessionist impulse in Nevis . New West Indian Guide , 78 ( 1/2 ) : 43 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Mill , J.S. 1843 . A System of Logic , London : John W. Parker .
   Google Scholar
• Norton , P. 2003 . The presidentialization of British politics . Government and Opposition , 38 ( 2 ) : 274 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott , D. 2000 . Small is Democratic: An Examination of State Size and Democratic Development , New York : Garland .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , T. 1951 . The Social System , Glencoe , IL : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Poguntke, T. and Webb, P. (Eds) (2005) The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Quimby , F. and Iyechad , G.L. 1983 . “ Belau ” . In Politics in Micronesia , Edited by: Crocombe , R. and Ali , A. Suva , Fiji : University of the South Pacific .
   Google Scholar
• Rich , R. , Hambly , L. and Morgan , M.G. 2006 . Political Parties in the Pacific Islands , Canberra : Australian National University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Richards , J. 1982 . Politics in small independent communities: conflict or consensus? . Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 20 ( 2 ) : 155 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rousseau, J.-J. (2003). In The Social Contract, or Principles of Political Right, (Ed.), P. Negri, (New York: Dover Publications).
   Google Scholar
• Scarr , D. 2000 . Seychelles since 1770 , London : C. Hurst & Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Schattschneider , E.E. 1942 . Party Government , New York : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Seawright , J. and Gerring , J. 2008 . Case selection techniques in case study research: a menu of qualitative and quantitative options . Political Research Quarterly , 61 ( 2 ) : 294 – 308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuster , D. 1994 . Custom versus a new élite . The Journal of Pacific History , 29 ( 2 ) : 188 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srebrnik , H. 2004 . Small island nations and democratic values . World Development , 32 ( 2 ) : 329 – 341 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton , P. 1987 . “ Political aspects ” . In Politics, Security, and Development in Small States , Edited by: Clarke , C. and Payne , A. London : Allen & Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Sutton , P. 2007 . “ Democracy and good governance in small states ” . In Commonwealth Small States. Issues and Prospects , Edited by: Kisanga , E. and Danchie , S.J. London : Commonwealth Secretariat .
   Google Scholar
• Sutton , P. and Payne , A. 1993 . Lilliput under threat: the security problems of small island and enclave developing states . Political Studies , 41 ( 4 ) : 579 – 593 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , C.L. 1969 . Statistical typology of micro-states and territories . Social Science Information , 8 ( 3 ) : 101 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, T.C. (1986) Community population size and social heterogeneity: an empirical test, The American Journal of Sociology, 91(5), pp. 1,154–1,169.
   Google Scholar
• Wood , D.P.J. 1967 . “ The smaller territories: some political considerations ” . In Problems of Smaller Territories , Edited by: Benedict , B. University of London : Athlone Press .
   Google Scholar