A preliminary survey of the estuaries on the south coast of South Africa, Cape St Blaize, Mossel Bay—Robberg Peninsula, Plettenberg Bay, with particular reference to the fish fauna

REFERENCES

• Beckley , L. E. 1983 . The ichthyofauna associated with Zostera capensis Setchell in the Swartkops estuary, South Africa . South African Journal of Zoology , 18 : 15 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Beckley , L. E. 1984 . The ichthyofauna of the Sundays estuary, South Africa, with particular reference to the juvenile marine component . Estuaries , 7 : 248 – 258 .
   Google Scholar
• Beckley , L. E. 1985 . Tidal exchange of ichthyoplankton in the Swartkops estuary mouth, South Africa . South African Journal of Zoology , 20 : 15 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , B. A. 1989 . A comparison of the fish communities in nearby permanently open, seasonally open and normally closed estuaries in the south-western Cape, South Africa . South African Journal of Marine Science , 8 : 43 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett , B. A. 1993 . Aspects of the biology and life history of white steenbras Lithognathus lithognathus in southern Africa . South African Journal of Marine Science , 13 : 83 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickerton , I. B. 1982 . Estuaries of the Cape. Part II: Synopses of available information on individual systems. Report No. 11: Hartenbos (CMS 1). Stellenbosch . CSIR Research Report , 410 : 54
   Google Scholar
• Bok , A. H. 1979 . The distribution and ecology of two mullet species in some freshwater rivers in the eastern Cape, South Africa . Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa , 5 : 97 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Castillo-Rivera , M. , Zavala-Hurtado , J. A. and Zárate , R. 2002 . Exploration of spatial and temporal patterns of fish diversity and composition in a tropical estuarine system of Mexico . Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries , 12 : 167 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , J. A.G. 2001 . Geomorphological variability among microtidal estuaries from the wave-dominated South African coast . Geomorphology , 40 : 99 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowley , P. D. , Whitfield , A. K. and Bell , K. N.I. 2001 . The surf zone ichthyoplankton adjacent to an intermittently open estuary, with evidence of recruitment during marine overwash events . Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , 52 : 339 – 348 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cyrus , D. P. and Blaber , S. J.M. 1987 . The influence of turbidity on juvenile marine fish in the estuaries of Natal, South Africa . Continental Shelf Research , 7 : 1411 – 1416 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cyrus , D. P. and Martin , T. J. 1991 . The importance of estuaries in life histories of flatfish species on the southern coast of Africa . Netherlands Journal of Sea Research , 27 : 255 – 260 .
   Google Scholar
• Day , J. H. 1981 . “ Summaries of current knowledge of 43 estuaries in southern Africa ” . In Estuarine Ecology with Particular Reference to Southern Africa Edited by: Day , J. H. 251 – 330 . Cape Town : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Day , J. H. , Blaber , S. J.M. and Wallace , J. H. 1981 . “ Estuarine fishes ” . In Estuarine Ecology with Particular Reference to Southern Africa Edited by: Day , J. H. 197 – 221 . Cape Town : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Day , J. H. , Millard , N. A.H. and Harrison , A. D. 1952 . The ecology of South African estuaries. Part 3. Knysna: a clear open estuary . Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa , 33 : 367 – 413 .
   Google Scholar
• Eagle , G. A. , Greenwood , P. J. , Hennig , H. F-KO. and Orren , M. J. 1979 . Preliminary pollution surveys of the south-western Cape coast: Part 1: Mossel Bay . South African Journal of Science , 75 : 453 – 456 .
   Google Scholar
• Ematek . 1990 . Great Brak River environmental study with reference to a management plan for the Wolwedans Dam . CSIR Report , EMA-C9036
   Google Scholar
• Griffiths , S. P. 2001 . Factors influencing fish composition in an Australian intermittently open estuary. Is stability salinity-dependent? . Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , 52 : 739 – 751 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grindley , J. R. 1985 . Estuaries of the Cape, Part II: Synopses of available information on individual systems. Report No. 30: Knysna (CMS 13). Stellenbosch . CSIR Research Report , 429 : 82
   Google Scholar
• Hall , C. M. , Whitfield , A. K. and Allanson , B. R. 1987 . Recruitment, diversity and the influence of constrictions on the distribution of fishes in the Wilderness lakes system, South Africa . South African Journal of Zoology , 22 : 163 – 169 .
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , T. D. 1997a . A preliminary survey of coastal river systems on the South African west coast, Orange River—Groot Berg, with particular reference to the fish fauna . Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa , 52 : 277 – 321 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , T. D. 1997b . A preliminary survey of coastal river systems on the South African west coast, Cape Columbine—Cape Point, with particular reference to the fish fauna . Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa , 52 : 323 – 344 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , T. D. 1998 . A preliminary survey of the coastal river systems of False Bay, south-west coast of South Africa, with particular reference to the fish fauna . Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa , 53 : 1 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , T. D. 1999a . A preliminary survey of the estuaries on the south-west coast of South Africa, Cape Hangklip—Cape Agulhas, with particular reference to the fish fauna . Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa , 54 : 257 – 283 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , T. D. 1999b . A preliminary survey of the estuaries on the south coast of South Africa, Cape Agulhas—Cape St Blaize, with particular reference to the fish fauna . Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa , 54 : 285 – 310 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , T. D. 2001 . Length—weight relationships of fishes from South African estuaries . Journal of Applied Ichthyology , 17 : 46 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , T. D. 2005 . Ichthyofauna of South African estuaries in relation to the zoogeography of the region . Smithiana , 6 : 2 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Heydorn , A. E.F. 1986 . An assessment of the state of the estuaries of the Cape and Natal in 1985/86 . South African National Scientific Programmes Report , 130 : 39
   Google Scholar
• Heydorn , A. E.F. 1991 . “ The conservation status of southern African estuaries ” . In Biotic Diversity in Southern Africa. Concepts and Conservation Edited by: Huntley , B. J. 290 – 297 . Cape Town : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Heydorn , A. E.F. and Tinley , K. L. 1980 . Estuaries of the Cape, Part 1: Synopsis of the Cape coast—Natural features, dynamics and utilization. Stellenbosch . CSIR Research Report , 380 : 1 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Houde , E. D. and Rutherford , E. S. 1993 . Recent trends in estuarine fisheries: predictions of fish production and yield . Estuaries , 16 : 161 – 176 .
   Google Scholar
• Klein , L. 1959 . River Pollution. I Chemical Analysis 206 London : Butterworths .
   Google Scholar
• Kok , H. M. and Whitfield , A. K. 1986 . The influence of open and closed mouth phases on the marine fish fauna of the Swartvlei estuary . South African Journal of Zoology , 21 : 309 – 315 .
   Google Scholar
• Loneragan , N. R. , Potter , I. C. and Lenanton , R. C.J. 1989 . Influence of site, season and year on contributions made by marine, estuarine, diadromous and freshwater species to the fish fauna of a temperate Australian estuary . Marine Biology , 103 : 461 – 479 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann , B. Q. and Buxton , C. D. 1993 . “ The biology and management of blacktail (Diplodus sargus capensis) and zebra (D. cervinus hottentotus) off the south-eastern Cape coast ” . In Fish, Fishers and Fisheries. Durban Edited by: Beckley , L. E. and van der Elst , R. P. Vol. 2 , 26 – 27 . Oceanographic Research Institute Special Publication .
   Google Scholar
• Marais , J. F.K. and Baird , D. 1980 . Seasonal abundance, distribution, and catch per unit effort of fishes in the Swartkops estuary . South African Journal of Zoology , 15 : 66 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Marais , J. F.K. 1981 . Seasonal abundance, distribution and catch per unit effort using gill-nets, of fishes in the Sundays estuary . South African Journal of Zoology , 16 : 144 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• Marais , J. F.K. 1983 . Seasonal abundance, distribution and catch per unit effort of fishes in the Krom estuary, South Africa . South African Journal of Zoology , 18 : 96 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• McLachlan , A. , Erasmus , T. , Dye , A. H. , Wooldridge , T. , Van der Horst , G. , Rossouw , G. , Lasiak , T. A. and McGwynne , L. 1981 . Sand beach energetics: an ecosystem approach towards a high energy interface . Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science , 13 : 11 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melville-Smith , R. and Baird , D. 1980 . Abundance, distribution and species composition of fish larvae in the Swartkops estuary . South African Journal of Zoology , 15 : 72 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Morant , P. D. 1983 . Estuaries of the Cape, Part II: Synopses of available information on individual systems. Report No. 20: Groot Brak (CMS–3). Stellenbosch . CSIR Research Report , 419 : 51
   Google Scholar
• Potter , I. C. , Beckley , L. E. , Whitfield , A. K. and Lenanton , R. C.J. 1990 . Comparisons between the roles played by estuaries in the life cycles of fishes in temperate western Australia and southern Africa . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 28 : 143 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter , I. C. , Claridge , P. N. , Hyndes , G. A. and Clarke , K. R. 1997 . Seasonal, annual and regional variations in ichthyofaunal composition in the inner Severn Estuary and inner Bristol Channel . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 77 : 507 – 525 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prochazka , K. 1994 . The reproductive biology of intertidal klipfish (Perciformes: Clinidae) in South Africa . South African Journal of Zoology , 29 : 244 – 251 .
   Google Scholar
• Quinn , N. W. , Breen , C. M. , Whitfield , A. K. and Hearne , J. W. 1999 . An index for the management of South African estuaries for juvenile fish recruitment from the marine environment . Fisheries Management and Ecology , 6 : 421 – 436 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratte T.W. 1989 Population structure, production, growth, reproduction and the ecology of Atherina breviceps Valenciennes, 1935 (Pisces: Atherinidae) and Gilchristella aestuaria (Gilchrist, 1914) (Pisces: Clupeidae), from two southern Cape coastal lakes. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Port Elizabeth. 332
   Google Scholar
• River Health Programme . 2003 . State-of-Rivers Report: Hartenbos and Klein Brak Rivers 32 Pretoria : Department of Water Affairs and Forestry .
   Google Scholar
• Russell , I. A. 1996 . Fish abundance in the Wilderness and Swartvlei lake systems: changes relative to environmental factors . South African Journal of Zoology , 31 : 1 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Shannon , L. V. 1989 . “ The physical environment ” . In Oceans of Life off Southern Africa Edited by: Payne , A. I.L. and Crawford , R. J.M. 12 – 27 . Cape Town : Vlaeberg Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Skelton , P. H. 1993 . A Complete Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa 388 Halfway House : Southern Book Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , M. M. and Heemstra , P. C. 1991 . Smiths' Sea Fishes 1048 Johannesburg : Southern Book Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Talbot M.M.J-F. 1982 Aspects of the ecology and biology of Gilchristella aestuarius (G & T) (Pisces: Clupeidae) in the Swartkops estuary, Port Elizabeth. Unpublished MSc. thesis, University of Port Elizabeth. 128
   Google Scholar
• Van der Merwe , C. V. 1970 . A short description of the Goukamma Nature Reserve . Cape Department of Nature Conservation Report , 16 : 1 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Vorwerk , P. D. , Whitfield , A. K. , Cowley , P. D. and Paterson , A. W. 2001 . A survey of selected Eastern Cape estuaries with particular reference to the ichthyofauna . Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology , 72 : 1 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Wallace , J. H. and Van der Elst , R. P. 1975 . The estuarine fishes of the East Coast of South Africa, IV. Occurrence of juveniles in estuaries. V. Ecology, estuarine dependence and status. Durban . Investigational Report of the Oceanographic Research Institute , 42 : 1 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Wallace , J. H. 1975 . The estuarine fishes of the east coast of South Africa. Part 3. Reproduction. Durban . Investigational Report of the Oceanographic Research Institute , 41 : 1 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield , A. K. and Blaber , S. J.M. 1979 . The distribution of the freshwater cichlid Sarotherodon mossambicus in estuarine systems . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 4 : 77 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield , A. K. and Kok , H. M. 1992 . Recruitment of juvenile marine fishes into permanently open and seasonally open estuarine systems on the southern coast of South Africa . Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology , 57 : 1 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield , A. K. 1988 . The fish community of the Swartvlei estuary and the influence of food availability on resource utilization . Estuaries , 11 : 160 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield , A. K. 1989 . Fish larval composition, abundance and seasonality in a southern African estuarine lake . South African Journal of Zoology , 24 : 217 – 224 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield , A. K. 1992 . Juvenile fish recruitment over an estuarine sand bar . Ichthos , 36 : 23
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield , A. K. 1994 . An estuary-association classification for the fishes of southern Africa . South African Journal of Science , 90 : 411 – 417 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitfield , A. K. 1998 . Biology and ecology of fishes in southern African estuaries . Ichthyological Monograph of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology , 2 : 1 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield A.K. 2000 Available scientific information on individual South African estuarine systems. Unpublished Water Research Commission Report 577/3/00. 217
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield , A. K. , Allanson , B. R. and Heinecken , T. J.E. 1983 . Estuaries of the Cape, Part II: Synopses of available information on individual systems. Report No. 22: Swartvlei (CMS11). Stellenbosch . CSIR Research Report , 421 : 62
   Google Scholar