73
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Regular Articles

Provenance and tectonic setting of the Eocene Nanka Sandstone, Anambra Basin, Nigeria

REFERENCES

  • Adegoke, O.S. 1969. Eocene stratigraphy of Southern Nigeria: Colloque sur l’ Eocene, III. Bureau de Recherché Geologiques et Minieres, 69: 20–48.
  • Agagu, O.K. & Adighije, C.I. 1983. Tectonic and sedimentation framework of the lower Benue Trough, Southern Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Science 1: 267–274. doi: 10.1016/S0731-7247(83)80011-1
  • Agagu, O.K., Fayose, E.A. & Petters, S.W. 1985. Stratigraphy and sedimentation in the Senonian Anambra Basin of eastern Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology 22(1): 25–36.
  • Akaegbobi, M.I. 2005. Sequence stratigraphy of Anambra Basin. Journal of African Earth Sciences 42: 394–406.
  • Armstrong-Altrin, J.S., Lee, Y.I., Verma, S.P. & Ramasamy, S. 2004. Geochemistry of sandstones from the upper Miocene Kudankulam Formation, southern India: implications for provenance, weathering and tectonic setting. Journal of Sedimentary Research 74(2): 285–297. doi: 10.1306/082803740285
  • Armstrong-Altrin, J.S. & Verma, S.P. 2005. Critical evaluation of six tectonic setting discrimination diagrams using geochemical data of Neogene sediments from known tectonic settings. Sedimentary Geology 177: 115–129. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.02.004
  • Basu, A. 1985. Influence of climate and relief on compositions of sands released at source areas. In Zuffa, G.G. (Ed.). Provenance of Arenites. Nato Science Series C, Netherlands, Springer. pp. 1–18.
  • Benkhelil, M.J. 1982. Benue Trough and Benue Chain. Geological Magazine 119: 155–168. doi: 10.1017/S001675680002584X
  • Bhatia, M.R. 1983. Plate tectonics and geochemical composition of sandstones. Journal of Geology 91: 611–627. doi: 10.1086/628815
  • Bhatia, M.R. & Crook, K.A.W. 1986. Trace element characteristics of graywackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 92: 181–193. doi: 10.1007/BF00375292
  • Bracciali, L., Marroni, M., Pandolfi, L. & Rocchi, S. 2007. Geochemistry and petrography of Western Tethys Cretaceous sedimentary covers (Corsica and Northern Apennines): from source areas to configuration of margins. In Arribas, J., Critelli, S., and Johnsson, M.J. (Eds.). Sedimentary Provenance and Petrogenesis: Perspectives from Petrography and Geochemistry. Special Paper 420. Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America. 73–93.
  • Burke, K.C., Dessauvagie, T.F.J. & Whiteman, A.J. 1972. Geological history of the Benue Valley and adjacent areas. In Dessauvagie, T.F.J. & Whiteman, A.J. (Eds.). African Geology. Nigeria, University of Ibadan Press, Ibadan. 187–206.
  • Condie, K.C. 1993. Chemical composition and evolution of the upper continental crust: contrasting results from surface samples and shales. Chemical Geology 104: 1–37. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(93)90140-E
  • Condie, K.C., Boryta, M.D., Liu, J. & Quian, X. 1992. The origin of khondalites: geochemical evidence from the Archean to Early Proterozoic granulitic belt in the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 59(3–4): 207–223. doi: 10.1016/0301-9268(92)90057-U
  • Condie, K.C. & Wronkiewicz, D.J. 1990. Cr/Th ratio in Precambrian pelits from the Kaapval craton as an index of craton evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 97: 256–267. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(90)90046-Z
  • Cullers, R.L. 1994. The controls on the major and trace element variation of shales, siltstones and sandstones of Pennsylvanian–Permian age from uplifted continental blocks in Colorado to platform sediment in Kansas, USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58(22): 4955–4972. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90224-0
  • Cullers, R.L. 2000. The geochemistry of shales, siltstones and sandstones of Pennsylvanian–Permian age, Colorado, USA: implications for provenance and metamorphic studies, Lithos 51: 305–327. doi: 10.1016/S0024-4937(99)00063-8
  • Cullers, R.L., Basu, A. & Suttner, L. 1988. Geochemical signature of provenance in sand-size material in soils and stream sediments near the Tobacco Root batholith, Montana, USA. Chemical Geology 70(4): 335–348. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(88)90123-4
  • Cullers, R.L. & Berendsen, P. 1998. The provenance and chemical variation of sandstones associated with the Midcontinent Rift System, USA. European Journal of Mineralogy 10(5): 987–1002. doi: 10.1127/ejm/10/5/0987
  • Cullers, R.L. & Graf, J. 1984. Rare earth elements in igneous rocks of the continental crust: intermediate and silicic rocks, ore petrogenesis. In Henderson, P. (ed.), Rare Earth Geochemistry. Amsterdam, Elsevier. 275–316.
  • Dessauvagie, T.F.J. 1975. Explanatory note, the geological map of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Mining and Geology 9: 1–28.
  • Dickinson, W.R. 1985. Interpreting provenance relation from detrital modes of sandstones, in Zuffa, G.G. (Ed.). Provenance of Arenites. NATO ASI Series, C 148. Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing, 333–363.
  • Dickinson, W.R. & Suczek, C.A. 1979. Plate tectonics and sandstone compositions. American Association of Petroleum Geologists 63: 2164–2182.
  • Ekine, A.S. & Onuoha, K.M. 2008. Burial history analysis and subsidence in the Anambra Basin, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Physics 20(1): 145–154.
  • Fedo, C.M., Young, G.M., & Nesbitt, H.W. 1997. Paleoclimatic control on the composition of the Paleoproterozoic Serpent Formation, Huronian Supergroup, Canada: a green-house to ice house transition. Precambrian Research 86: 201–223. doi: 10.1016/S0301-9268(97)00049-1
  • Feng, R., & Kerrich, R. 1990. Geochemistry of fine-grained clastic sediments in the Archean Abititi greenstones belt, Canada: implications for provenance and tectonic setting. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54: 1061–1081. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90439-R
  • Floyd, P.A. & Leveridge, B.E. 1987. Tectonic environment of the Devonian Gramscatho Basin, south Cornwall; framework mode and geochemical evidence from turbiditic sandstones. Journal of the Geological Society, London 144: 531–542. doi: 10.1144/gsjgs.144.4.0531
  • Fralick, P.W. & Kronberg, B.I. 1997. Geochemical discrimination of clastic sedimentary rock source. Sedimentary Geology 113: 111–124. doi: 10.1016/S0037-0738(97)00049-3
  • Gu, X.X., Liu, J.M., Zheng, M.H., Tang, J.X. & Qt, L. 2002. Provenance and tectonic setting of the Proterozoic turbidites in Hunan, South China: geochemical evidence. Journal of Sedimentary Research 72: 393–407. doi: 10.1306/081601720393
  • Jahn, B.M. & Condie, K.C. 1995. Evolution of the Kaapvaal Craton as viewed from geochemical and Sm–Nd isotopic analysis of intracratonic pelites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59: 2239–2258. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00103-7
  • Johnsson, M.J. 1993. The System Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sediments. Special Paper 284. Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America.
  • Johnsson, M.J. & Basu, A. 1993. Processes Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sediments. Special Paper 28. Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America.
  • Kroonenberg, S.B. 1994. Effects of provenance, sorting and weathering on the geochemistry of fluvial sands from different tectonic and climatic environments. In Kumon, F. & Yu, K.M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the 29th International Geological Congress, Part A: Sandstone petrology in relation to tectonics. Kyoto, Japan. 69–81.
  • Ladipo, K.O. 1986. Tidal shelf depositional model for the Ajali Sandstone, Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences 5(2): 177–185. doi: 10.1016/0899-5362(86)90008-4
  • Maynard, J.B., Valloni, R. & Yu, H.S. 1982. Composition of modern deep-sea sands from arc-related basins. In Leggett, J.K. (Ed.). Trench Forearc Geology: Sedimentation and Tectonics on Modern and Ancient Active Plate Margins. Special Publication 10. London, Geological Society of London. 551–561.
  • Mclennan, S.M., Hemming, S., Mcdaniel, D.K. & Hanson, G.N. 1993. Geochemical approaches to sedimentation, provenance, and tectonics. In Johnson, M.J. & Basu, A. (Eds.). Processes Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sediments. Special Paper 284. Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America. 21–40.
  • McLennan, S.M. & Taylor, S.R. 1991. Sedimentary rocks and crustal evolution: tectonic setting and secular trends. Journal of Geology 99: 1–21. doi: 10.1086/629470
  • Murat, R.C. 1972. Stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary sediments in southern Nigeria. In Dessauvagie, T.F.J. & Whiteman, A.J. (Eds.). African Geology. Ibadan, University of Ibadan Press. 251–266.
  • Nesbitt, H.W. & Young, G.M. 1989. Formation and diagenesis of weathering profiles. Journal of Geology 97: 129–147. doi: 10.1086/629290
  • Nesbitt, H.W., Young, G.M., McLennan, S.M. & Keays, R.R. 1996. Effects of chemical weathering and sorting on the petrogenesis of siliclastic sediments, with implications for provenance studies. Journal of Geology 104: 525–542. doi: 10.1086/629850
  • Nton, M.E. & Bankole, S.A. 2013. Sedimentological characteristics, provenance and hydrocarbon potential of Post Santonian sediments in Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria. RMZ – Materials and Geoenvironment Journal 60(1): 47–66.
  • Nwachukwu, S.O. 1972. The tectonic evolution of the southern portion of the Benue Trough, Nigeria. Geological Magazine 109: 411–419. doi: 10.1017/S0016756800039790
  • Nwajide, C.S. 1979. A lithostratigraphic analysis of the Nanka sand, Southeastern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Mining and Geology 16: 103–109.
  • Nwajide, C.S. 1980. Eocene tidal sedimentation in the Anambra Basin, Southern Nigeria. Sedimentary Geology 25: 189–207. doi: 10.1016/0037-0738(80)90040-8
  • Nwajide, C.S. & Reijers, T.J.A. 1996. Sequences architecture in outcrops, examples from the Anambra Basin, Nigeria. Nigerian Association of Petroleum Explorationists Bulletin 11(1): 23–32.
  • Nwajide, C.S. & Reijers, T.J.A. 1997. Sequence architecture of the Campanian Nkporo and Eocene Nanka formations of the Anambra Basin, Nigeria. Nigerian Association of Petroleum Explorationists Bulletin 12(1): 75–87.
  • Nwajide, S.C. 2013. Geology of Nigeria’s Sedimentary Basins. Lagos, CSS Bookshops ltd. 277–518.
  • Obaje, N. G., 2009. Geology and Mineral Resources of Nigeria (Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 120). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 221.
  • Obi, G.C. 2000. Depositional model for the Campanian Maastrichtian Anambra Basin, southern Nigeria. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
  • Ofoegbu, C. 1982. Evolution of Anambra Basin. Nigerian Journal of Mining and Geology 5(6): 45–60.
  • Ola-Buraimo, A.O. 2013a. Palynological stratigraphy of the Upper Cenomanian–Turonian Eze-Aku Formation in Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Biological and Chemical Research 30(1): 54–67.
  • Ola-Buraimo, A.O. 2013b. Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of the Coniacian Awgu Formation in Nzam-1 Well, Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research 2(3): 112–122.
  • Ola-Buraimo, A.O. & Akaegbobi, I.M. 2012. Neogene dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of the late Miocene–Pliocene Ogwashi-Asaba sediment in Umuna-1 Well, Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Petroleum and Gas Exploration Research 2(6): 115–124.
  • Ola-Buraimo, A.O. & Akaegbobi, I.M. 2013a. Palynological and paleoenvironmental investigation of the Campanian–lowermost Maastrichtian Asata/Nporo Shale in the Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria. British Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 3(4): 898–915. doi: 10.9734/BJAST/2013/2664
  • Ola-Buraimo, A.O. & Akaegbobi, I.M. 2013b. Palynological evidence of the oldest (Albian) sediment in Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Biological and Chemical Research 30(2): 387–408.
  • Ratcliffe, K.T., Morton, A.C., Ritcey, D.H. & Evenchick, C.A. 2007. Whole-rock geochemistry and heavy mineral analysis as petroleum exploration tools in the Bowser and Sustut basins, British Columbia, Canada. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 55: 320–336. doi: 10.2113/gscpgbull.55.4.320
  • Reyment, R.A., 1965. Aspects of the Geology of Nigeria: the stratigraphy of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic deposits. Ibadan, Ibadan University Press. 145.
  • Roddaz, M., Viers, J., Brusset, S., Baby, B., Boucayrand, C. & Herail, G. 2006. Controls on weathering and provenance in the Amazonian foreland basin: insights from major and trace element geochemistry of Neogene Amazonian sediments. Chemical Geology 226: 31–65. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.08.010
  • Roser, B.P. & Korsch, R.J. 1986. Determination of tectonic setting of sandstone–mudstone suites using SiO2 content and K2O/Na2O ratio. Journal of Geology 94: 635–650. doi: 10.1086/629071
  • Roser, B.P. & Korsch, R.J. 1988. Provenance signature of sandstone–mudstone suite determined using discriminant function analysis of major element data. Chemical Geology 67: 119–139. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(88)90010-1
  • Simpson, A. 1954. The Nigerian Coalfield: The Geology of Parts of Owerri and Benue Provinces. Kaduna, Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Nigeria. 24.
  • Sun, S.S. & McDonough, W.F. 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In Saunders, A.D. and Norry, M.J. (Eds.). Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Special Publication 42. London, Geological Society of London. 313–346.
  • Tattam, C.M. 1944. A review of Nigerian stratigraphy. In Annual Report, Geological Survey of Nigeria, Kaduna. 27–46.
  • Taylor, S.R. 2015. Geochemistry of andesites. In Ahrens, L.H. (Ed.). Origin and Distribution of the Elements. London, International Series of Monographs in Earth Sciences, Pergamon Press. 30. 559–582.
  • Taylor S.R. & McLennan, S.M. 1995. The geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Review of Geophysics 33: 241–265. doi: 10.1029/95RG00262
  • Taylor, S.R.. & McLennan, S.M. 1985. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Oxford, Blackwell.
  • Totten, M.W., Hanan, M.A. & Weaver, B.L. 2000. Beyond whole-rock geochemistry of shales: the importance of assessing mineralogic controls for revealing tectonic discriminants of multiple sediment sources for the Ouachita Mountain flysch deposits. Geological Society of America Bulletin 112: 1012–1022. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1012:BWGOST>2.0.CO;2
  • Varga, A.R. & Szakmány, Gy. 2004. Geochemistry and provenance of the Upper Carboniferous sandstones from borehole Diósviszló-3 (Téseny Sandstone Formation, SW Hungary). Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Szeged 45(2): 7–14.
  • Verma, S.P., Guevara, M. & Agrawal, S. 2006. Discriminating four tectonic settings: five new geochemical diagrams for basic and ultrabasic volcanic rocks based on log-ratio transformation of major-element data. Journal of Earth System Science 115: 485–528. doi: 10.1007/BF02702907
  • Verma, S.P. & Armstrong-Altrin, J.S. 2013. New multi-dimensional diagrams for tectonic discrimination of siliciclastic sediments and their application to Precambrian basins. Chemical Geology 355: 117–133. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.07.014
  • Verma, S.P. & Armstrong-Altrin, J.S. 2016. Geochemical discrimination of siliciclastic sediments from active and passive margin settings. Sedimentary Geology 332: 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.11.011
  • Verma, S.P., Rivera-Gomez, M.A., Dıaz-Gonzalez, L. & Quiroz-Ruiz, A. 2016. Log-ratio transformed major element based multidimensional classification for altered High-Mg igneous rocks. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 17: 4955–4972. doi: 10.1002/2016GC006652
  • Wronkiewicz, D.J. & Condie, K.C. 1987. Geochemistry of Archean shales from the Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa: source-area weathering and provenance. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51: 2401–2416. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90293-6
  • Wronkiewicz, D.J. & Condie, K.C. 1989. Geochemistry and provenance of sediments from the Pongola Supergroup, South Africa: evidence for a 3.0-Ga-old continental craton. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53: 1537–1549. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90236-6

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.