Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its application to the serological diagnosis of fungal infection

References

• Abdalla A.E., Grant D.W. An immunoanalysis for kojic acid. Sabouraudia 1980; 18: 191–196
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aisner J., Schimpff S.C., Wiernik P.H. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis: relation of early diagnosis and treatment to response. Annals of Internal Medicine 1977; 86: 539–543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen P.L., Stenderup A. Candida albicans antibodies in candidosis. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 1974; 6: 69–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews C.P., Weiner M.H. Immunodiagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in rabbits. Fungal antigen detected by radioimmunoassay in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. American Review of Respiratory Diseases 1981; 124: 60–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araj G.F., Hopfer R.L., Chesnut S., Fainstein V., Bodey G.P. Diagnostic value of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Candida albicans cytoplasmic antigen in sera of cancer patients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1982; 16: 46–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axelsen N.H., Kirkpatrick C.H. Simultaneous characterization of free Candida antigens and Candida precipitins in a patient's serum by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel. Journal of Immunological Methods 1973; 2: 245–249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomfield N., Gordon M.A., Elmendorf D.F., Jr. Detection of Cryptococcus neoformans antigen in body fluids by latex particle agglutination. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1963; 114: 64–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson H.E., Lindberg A.A. Application of enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of bacterial and mycotic infections. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 1978; 8(7)97–110
   Google Scholar
• Coleman R.M., Kaufman L. Use of the immunodiffusion test in the serodiagnosis of aspergillosis. Applied Microbiology 1972; 23: 301–308
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dee T.H. Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus serum precipitins by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1975; 2: 482–485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellsworth J.H., Reiss E., Bradley R.L., Chmel H., Armstrong D. Comparative serological and cutaneous reactivity of candidal cytoplasmic proteins and mannan separated by affinity for concanavalin A. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1977; 5: 91–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans E.G.V., Forster R.A. Antibodies to Candida after operations on the heart. Journal of Medical Microbiology 1976; 9: 303–308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everett E.D., Laforce F.M., Eickhoff T.C. Serologic studies in suspected visceral candidiasis. Archives of Internal Medicine 1975; 135: 1075–1078
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Filice G., Yu B., Armstrong D. Immunodiffusion and agglutination tests for Candida in patients with neoplastic disease: inconsistent correlation of results with invasive infections. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1977; 135: 349–357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George R.B., Lambert R.S., Bruce M.J., Pickering J.W., Wolcott R.M. Radioimmunoassay: a sensitive screening test for histoplasmosis and blastomycosis. American Review of Respiratory Diseases 1981; 124: 407–410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon M.A., Vedder D.K. Serologic tests in diagnosis and prognosis of cryptococcosis. Journal of the American Medical Association 1966; 197: 961–967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberger P.A., Patterson R. Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1982; 99: 288–293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding S.A., Brody J.P., Normansell D.E. Antigenemia detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in rabbits with systemic candidasis. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1980; 95: 959–966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hearn V.M., Mackenzie D.W.R. The preparation and chemical composition of fractions from Aspergillus fumigatus wall and protoplasts possessing antigenic activity. Journal of General Microbiology 1979; 112: 35–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hearn V.M., Mackenzie D.W.R. Analysis of wall antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. Journal of Medical Microbiology 1981; 14: 119–133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hearn V.M., Proctor A.G.J., Mackenzie D.W.R. The preparation and partial characterization of antigenic fractions obtained from the mycelial walls of several Aspergillus species. Journal of General Microbiology 1980; 119: 41–49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holmberg K., Berdischewsky M., Young L.S. Serologic immunodiagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1980; 141: 656–664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikemoto H., Shibata S. Indirect haemagglutination in pulmonary aspergilloma diagnosis. Sabouraudia 1973; 11: 167–170
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones G.R., Warnock D.W. Observations on the use of the double diffusion test in the diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis. Journal of Clinical Pathology 1977; 30: 262–265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman L., Blumer S. Cryptococcosis: the awakening giant. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Mycoses. Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C. 1977; 176–182, In
   Google Scholar
• Kerkering T.M., Espinel-Ingroff A., Shadomy S. Detection of Candida antigenemia by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in patients with invasive candidiasis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1979; 140: 659–664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiehn T.E., Bernard E.M., Gold J.W., Armstrong D. Candidiasis: detection by gas-liquid chromatography of D-arabinitol, a fungal metabolite, in human serum. Science 1979; 206: 577–580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostiala A.A.I., Kostiala I. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies against Candida albicans antigens: development and comparison with other methods. Sabouraudia 1981; 19: 123–134
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kostiala I., Kostiala A.A.I., Larinkari U., Valtonen V.V., Meittinen A. Antibodies against antigens of Candida albicans in patients with fungaemia and bacteraemia studied by ELISA, precipitation, passive haemagglutination and immunofluorescence techniques. Journal of Medical Microbiology 1981; 14: 483–493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann P.F., Reiss E. Invasive aspergillosis: antiserum for circulating antigen produced after immunization with serum from infected rabbits. Infection and Immunity 1978; 20: 570–572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann P.F., Reiss E. Aspergillus fumigatus antigenemia: detection of antigen in mice and in human patients. Bulletin de la Societe Francaise de Mycologie Medicale 1979; 8: 57–64
   Google Scholar
• Lehmann P.F., Reiss E. Detection of Candida albicans mannan by immunodiffusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and enzyme-linked immunoassay. Mycopathologia 1980; 70: 83–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann P.F., Reiss E. Comparison by ELISA of serum anti-Candida albicans mannan IgG levels of a normal population and in disease patients. Mycopathologia 1980; 70: 89–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lew M.A., Siber G.R., Donahue D.M., Maiorca F. Enhanced detection with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of Candida mannan in antibody-containing serum after heat-extraction. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1982; 145: 45–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longbottom J.L., Pepys J. Pulmonary aspergillosis: diagnostic and immunological significance of antigens and C-substance in Aspergillus fumigatus. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 1964; 88: 141–151
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McClaren M.L., Mahgoúb E.S., Georgakopoulous E. Preliminary investigation on the use of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the serodiagnosis of mycetoma. Sabouraudia 1978; 16: 225–228
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meckstroth K.L., Reiss E., Keller J.W., Kaufman L. Detection of antibodies and antigenemia in leukemic patients with candidiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1981; 144: 24–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meunier-Carpentier F., Armstrong D. Candida antigenemia. as detected by passive haemagglutination inhibition, in patients with disseminated candidiasis or Candida colonization. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1981; 13: 10–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller G.G., Witwer M.W., Braude A.I., Davis C.E. Rapid identification of Candida albicans septicemia in man by gas-liquid chromatography. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1974; 54: 1235–1240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohan S.B., Warren R.C., Richardson M.D. Serodiagnosis of invasive aspergillosis: attempts to determine antigen and antibody relevance to infection. Mycopathologia 1980; 70: 37–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odds F.C., Evans E.G.V. Distribution of pathogenic yeasts and humoral antibodies to Candida among hospital inpatients. Journal of Clinical Pathology 1980; 33: 750–756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer D.F., Kaufman L., Kaplan W., Cavallaro J.J. Serodiagnosis of Mycotic Diseases. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois 1977
   Google Scholar
• Pepys J., Longbottom J.L. Immunological methods in mycology. Handbook of Experimental Immunologysecond edition, D.M. Weir. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1973; 38.1–38.23, In
   Google Scholar
• Poor A.H., Cutler J.E. Partially purified antibodies used in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detecting candidal antigenemia. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1979; 9: 362–368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiss E., Lehmann P.F. Galactomannan antigenemia in invasive aspergillosis. Infection and Immunity 1979; 25: 357–365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson M.D., Warnock D.W. Serological tests in the diagnosis and prognosis of fungal infection in the compromised patient. Fungal Infection in the Compromised Patient, D.W. Warnock, M.D. Richardson. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester 1982; 229–250, In
   Google Scholar
• Richardson M.D., White L.O., Warren R.C. Detection of circulating antigen of Aspergillus fumigatus in sera of mice and rabbits by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mycopathologia 1979; 67: 83–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson M.D., Stubbins J.M., Warnock D.W. Rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Aspergillus fumigatus antibodies. Journal of Clinical Pathology 1982; 35: 1134–1137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson M.D., Stubbins J.M., Warnock D.W. Rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of IgG antibodies to Candida albicans. Mycopathologia 1983, in press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson M.D., Smith S.M., Warnock D.W. Further evaluation of factors affecting a rapid ELISA procedure for detection of IgG antibodies to Candida albieans. Mycopathologia 1983, in press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson M.D., Turner A., Warnock D.W., Llewellyn P.A. Computer-assisted rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the serological diagnosis of aspergillosis. Journal of Immunological Methods 1982, in press
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roboz J., Suzuki R., Holland J.F. Quantification of arabinitol in serum by selected ion monitoring as a diagnostic technique in invasive candidiasis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1980; 12: 594–602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheld W.M., Brown R.S., Harding S.A., Sande M.A. Detection of circulating antigen in experimental Candida albicans endocarditis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1980; 12: 679–683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott E.N., Felton F.G., Muchmore H.G. Development of an enzyme immunoassay for cryptococcal antibody. Mycopathologia 1980; 70: 55–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott E.N., Muchmore H.G., Felton F.G. Comparison of enzyme immunoassay and latex agglutination methods for detection of Cryptococcus neoformans antigen. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 1980; 73: 790–794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott E.N., Muchmore H.G., Felton F.G. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in murine cryptococcosis. Sabouraudia 1981; 19: 257–265
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Segal E., Berg R.A., Pizzo P.A., Bennett J.E. Detection of Candida antigen in sera of patients with candidiasis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-inhibition technique. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1979; 10: 116–118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sepulveda R., Longbottom J.L., Pepys J. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG and IgE antibodies to protein and polysaccharide antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus. Clinical Allergy 1979; 9: 359–371
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shaffer P.J., Medoff G., Kobayashi G.S. Demonstration of antigenemia by radioimmunoassay in rabbits experimentally infected with Aspergillus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1979; 139: 313–319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syverson R.E., Buckley H.R. Cell wall antigens in soluble cytoplasmic extracts of Candida albicans as demonstrated by crossed-affinoelectrophoresis with concanavalin A. Journal of Immunological Methods 1977; 18: 149–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taschdjian C.L., Kozinn P.J., Fink H., Cuesta M.B., Caroline L., Kantrowitz A.B. Post mortem studies of systemic candidiasis. I. Diagnostic validity of precipitin reaction and probable orgin of sensitization to cytoplasmic candidal antigens. Sabouraudia 1969; 7: 110–117
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taschdjian C.L., Toni E.F., Hsu K.C., Seelig M.S., Cuesta M.B., Kozinn P.J. Immunofluorescence studies of Candida in human reticuloendothelial phagocytes: implications for immunogenesis and pathogenesis of systemic candidiasis. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 1971; 56: 50–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taschdjian C.L., Seelig M.S., Kozinn P.J. Serological diagnosis of candidal infections. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 1973; 4: 19–59
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vogel R.A. The indirect fluorescent antibody test for the detection of antibody in human cryptococcal disease. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1966; 116: 573–580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voller A., Bartlett A., Bidwell D.E. Enzyme immunoassays with special reference to ELISA techniques. Journal of Clinical Pathology 1978; 31: 507–520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voller A., Bartlett A., Bidwell D.E. Immunoassays for the 80s. MTP Press Ltd., Lancaster 1981
   Google Scholar
• Voller A., Bidwell D.E., Bartlett A. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Manual of Clinical Immunologysecond edition, N.R. Rose, H. Friedman. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. 1980; 359–371, In
   Google Scholar
• Wang J.L.F., Patterson R., Rosenberg M., Roberts M., Cooper B.J. Serum IgE and IgG antibody activity against Aspergillus fumigatus as a diagnostic aid in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. American Review of Respiratory Diseases 1978; 117: 917–927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warnock D.W. Indirect immunofluorescence test for the detection of Aspergillus fumigatus antibodies. Journal of Clinical Pathology 1974; 27: 911–912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warnock D.W. Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus precipitins: a comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and double diffusion. Journal of Clinical Pathology 1977; 30: 388–389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warnock D.W., Speller D.C.E., Finan P.J., Velacott K.D., Phillips M.N. Antibodies to Candida species after operations on the large intestine: observations on the association with oral and faecal yeast colonization. Sabouraudia 1979; 17: 405–414
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warren R.C., Bartlett A., Bidwell D.E., Richardson M.D., Voller A., White L.O. Diagnosis of invasive candidosis by enzyme immunoassay of serum antigen. British Medical Journal 1977; i: 1183–1185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren R.C., Richardson M.D., White L.O. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of antigens from Candida albicans circulating in infected mice and rabbits: the role of mannan. Mycopathologia 1978; 66: 179–182
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren R.C., White L.O., Mohan S., Richardson M.D. The occurrence and treatment of false positive reactions in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the presence of fungal antigens in clinical samples. Journal of Immunological Methods 1979; 28: 177–186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner M.H. Antigenemia detected by radioimmunoassay in systemic aspergillosis. Annals of Internal Medicine 1980; 92: 793–796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner M.H., Coats-Stephen M. Immunodiagnosis of systemic aspergillosis. I. Antigenemia detected by radioimmunoassay in experimental infection. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1979; 93: 111–119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner M.H., Coats-Stephen M. Immunodiagnosis of systemic candidiasis: mannan antigenemia detected by radioimmunoassay in experimental and human infections. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1979; 140: 989–993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner M.H., Yount W.J. Mannan antigenemia in the diagnosis of invasive Candida infections. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1976; 58: 1045–1053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White L.O., Richardson M.D., Newham H.C., Gibb E., Warren R.C. Circulating antigen of Aspergillus fumigatus in cortisone-treated mice challenged with conidia: detection by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. FEMS Microbiology Letters 1977; 2: 153–156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young K.D., Larsh H.W. Production and characterization of a hydridoma-derived antibody to Blastomyces dermatitidis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1982; 15: 204–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar