References
- Thompson S, Bohn MK, Mancini N, et al.; IFCC Taskforce on COVID-19. IFCC interim guidelines on biochemical/hematological monitoring of COVID-19 patients. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020;58(12):2009–2016.
- Wischhusen J, Melero I, Fridman WH. Growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15): from biomarker to novel targetable immune checkpoint. Front Immunol. 2020;11(951):951.
- Verhamme FM, Freeman CM, Brusselle GG, et al. GDF-15 in pulmonary and critical care medicine. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2019;60(6):621–628.
- Hozo SP, Djulbegovic B, Hozo I. Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2005;5(1):13.
- Alserawan L, Peñacoba P, Orozco Echevarría SE, et al. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15): a novel biomarker associated with poorer respiratory function in COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel. 2021;11(11):1998.
- de Guadiana Romualdo LG, Mulero MDR, Olivo MH, et al. Circulating levels of GDF-15 and calprotectin for prediction of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients: a case series. J Infect. 2021;82:e40–e42.
- Kanberg N, Simrén J, Edén A, et al. Neurochemical signs of astrocytic and neuronal injury in acute COVID-19 normalizes during long-term follow-up. EBioMedicine. 2021;70:103512.
- Myhre PL, Prebensen C, Strand H, et al. Growth differentiation factor 15 provides prognostic information superior to established cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers in unselected patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Circulation. 2020;142(22):2128–2137.
- Teng X, Zhang J, Shi Y, et al. Comprehensive profiling of inflammatory factors revealed that growth differentiation factor-15 is an indicator of disease severity in COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol. 2021;12(662465):662465.
- Notz Q, Schmalzing M, Wedekink F, et al. Pro- and anti-Inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19-Induced acute respiratory distress Syndrome-An observational pilot study. Front Immunol. 2020;11(581338):581338.
- Wallentin L, Lindbäck J, Eriksson N, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels in relation to risk factors for COVID-19 in two large cohorts of patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(41):4037–4046.
- Verhamme FM, Bracke KR, Joos GF, et al. Transforming growth factor-β superfamily in obstructive lung diseases. more suspects than TGF-β alone. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2015;52(6):653–662.