- Ruddell WSJ, Blendis LM, Walters CL. Nitrite and thiocyanate in the fasting and secreting stomach and in saliva. Gut 1977;18: 73-7.
- Tannenbaum SR, Moran D, Rand W, Cuello C, Correa P. Gastric cancer in Columbia. IV. Nitrite and other ions in gastric contents of residents from a high-risk region. J Natl Cancer Inst 1979;62:9-12.
- Sobala GM, Schorah CJ, Sanderson M, Dixon MF, Tompkins DS, Godwin P, Axon ATR. Ascorbic acid in the human stomach. Gastroenterology 1989;97:357-63.
- Sobala GM, Pignatelli B, Scorah CJ, Bartsch H, Sanderson M, Dixon MF, et al. Levels of nitrite, nitrate, N-nitroso compounds, ascorbic acid and total bile acids in gastric juice of patients with and without precancerous conditions of the stomach. Carcino-genesis 1991;12:193-8.
- Kyrtopoulos SA, Pignatelli B, Karkanias G, Golematis B, Esteve J. Studies in gastric carcinogenesis. V. The effects of ascorbic acid on N-nitroso compound formation in human gastric juice in vivo and in vitro. Carcinogenesis 1991;12:1371-6.
- Mowat C, Carswell A, Wirz A, McColl KEL. Omeprazole and dietary nitrate independently affect levels of vitamin C and nitrite in gastric juice. Gastroenterology 1999;116:813-22.
- Powell J, McConkey CC. Increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia and adjacent sites. Br J Cancer 1990; 62:440-3.
- Hansson L--E, Sparén P, Nyrén O. Increasing incidence of carcinoma of die gastric cardia in Sweden from 1970 to 1985. Br J Surg 1993;80:374-7.
- Devesa SS, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF. Changing patterns in the incidence of esophageal and gastric carcinoma in the United States. Cancer 1998;83:2049-S3.
- Dolan K, Sutton R, Walker SJ, Morris AI, Campbell F, Williams EMI. New classification of oesophageal and gastric carcinomas derived from changing patterns in epidemiology. Br J Cancer 1999;80:834-42.
- Wijnhoven BPL, Louwman MW, Tilanus HW, Coebergh JWW. Increased incidence of adenocarcinomas at the gastro-oesophageal junction in Dutch males since the 1990s. Bur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;14:115-22.
- Spechler SJ, Zeroogian JM, Antonioli DA, Wang HH, Goyal RK. Prevalence of metaplasia at the gastro-oesophageal junction. Lancet 1994;344:1533-6.
- Pereira AD, Suspiro A, Chaves P, Saraiva A, Gloria L, Mendes de Almeida JC, et al. Short segments of Barren's epithelium and intestinal metaplasia in normal appearing oesophagogastric junctions:the same or two different entities? Gut 1998;42:659-62.
- de Mas Chr R, Kramer M, Seifert E, Rippin G, Vieth M, Stolte M. Short Barrett: Prevalence and risk factors. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999;34:1065-70.
- Leach S. Mechanisms of endogenous N-nitrosation. In: Hill J, editor. Nitrosoamines: toxicology and microbiology. Ellis Horwood; 1988. p. 69-87.
- Mirvish SS. Role of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) and N-nitrosation in etiology of gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal and bladder cancer and contribution to cancer of known exposures to NOC. Cancer Lett 1995;93:17-48.
- Gangolli SD, van den Brandt P, Feron VJ, Janzowsky C, Koeman J, Speijers GJA, et al. Nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds. Eur J Pharmacol Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 1994; 292:1-38.
- Bartholomew B, Hill MJ. The pharmacology of dietary nitrate and the origin of urinary nitrate. Fd Chem Toxic 198422 10789-95.
- Spiegelhalder B, Eisenbrand G, Preussmann R. Influence of dietary nitrate on nitrite content of human saliva: possible relevance to in vivo formation of N-nitroso compounds. Fd Cosmet Toxicol 1976;14:545-8.
- van Maanen JM, van Geel AA, Kleinjans JC. Modulation of nitrate-nitrite conversion in the oral cavity. Cancer Detect Prev 1996;20:590-6.
- Dougall HT, Smith L, Duncan C, Benjamin N. The effect of amoxycillin on salivary nitrite concentrations: an important mechanism of adverse reactions? Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995;39: 460-2.
- Boulos PB, Whitfield PF, Dover M, Faber RG, Hobsley M. Thiocyanate as a marker of saliva in gastric juice. Gut 1980;21: 18-22.
- Boyland E, Walker SA. Effect of thiocyanate on nitrosation of amines. Nature 1974;248:601-2.
- Fan T-Y, Tannenbaum SR. Factors influencing the rate of formation of nitrosomorpholine from morpholine and nitrite: acceleration by thiocyanate and other anions. J Agr Food Chem 1973;21:237-40.
- Mirvish SS. Inhibition by vitamins C and E of in vivo nitrosation and vitamin C occurrence in the stomach. Eur J Cancer Prev 1996;5;Suppl 1:131-6.
- Mirvish SS, Grandjean AC, Reimers KJ, Connelly BJ, Chen S-C, Gallagher J, et al. Dosing time with ascorbic acid and nitrate, gum and tobacco chewing, fasting, and other factors affecting N-nitrosoproline formation in healthy subjects taking Proline with a standard meal. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995;4:775-82.
- Mirvish SS, Wallcave L, Eagen M, Shubik P. Ascorbate-nitrite reaction: possible means of blocking the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds. Science 1972;177:65-8.
- Mirvish SS. Blocking the formation of N-nitroso compounds with ascorbic acid in vitro and in vivo. Ann NY Acad Sci 1975; 258:175-80.
- Bunton CA, Dahn H, Loewe L. Oxidation of ascorbic acid and similar reductions by nitrous acid. Nature (Lond) 1959;183: 163-5.
- Sobala GM, Schorah CJ, Sanderson M, Dixon MF, Tompkins DS, Godwin P, et al. Ascorbic acid in the human stomach. Gastroenterology 1989;97:357-63.
- Ruiz B, Rood JC, Fontham ETH, Malcom GT, Hunter FM, Sobhan M, et al. Vitamin C concentration in gastric juice before and after anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment. Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89:533-9.
- Schorah CJ, Sobala GM, Sanderson M, Collis N, Primrose JN. Gastric juice ascorbic acid: Eefects of disease and implications for gastric carcinogenesis. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:287S-93S.
- Banerjee S, Hawksby C, Miller S, Dahill S, Beattie AD, McColl KEL. Effect of Helicobacter pylori and its eradication on gastric juice ascorbic acid. Gut 1994;35:317-22.
- Moriya A, Grant J, Mowat C, Williams C, Carswell A, Preston T, et al. In vitro studies indicate that acid-catalysed generation of N-nitroso compounds from dietary nitrate will be maximal at the gastro-oesophageal junction and cardia. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002;37:253-61.
- Fan TY, Tannebaum SR. Natural inhibitors of nitrosation reactions: the concept of available nitrite. J Food Sci 1973;38: 1067-9.
- Kirk RS, Sawyer R. Determination of nitrite. In: Pearson's composition and analysis of foods. 9th edn. Harlow: Longman; 1991. p. 77-9.
- Varley H. Determination of thiocyanates. In: Practical clinical biochemistry, 3rd edn. London: William Heinemann; 1963. p. 636-7.
- Sanderson MJ, Schorah CJ. Measurement of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in gastric juice by high pressure liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 1987;2:197-202.
- Ungerstedt U. Microdialysis: principles and applications for studies in animals and man. J Intern Med 1991;230:365-73.
- de la Peña A, Liu P, Derendorf H. Microdialysis in peripheral tissues. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2000;45:189-216.
- Nordenvall M, Ulmsten U, Ungerstedt U. Influence of progesterone on the sodium and potassium concentrations of rat uterine fluid investigated by microdialysis. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1989;28:73-7.
- Zou A-P, Cowley AW. Nitric oxide in renal cortex and medulla. An in vivo microdialysis study. Hypertension 1997;29:194-8.
- Tenhunen JJ, Kosunen H, Alhava E, Tuomisto L, Takala JA. Intestinal luminal microdialysis. A new approach to assess gut mucosal ischemia. Anesthesiology 1999;91:1807-15.
- Iversen HH, Celsing F, Leone AM, Gustafsson LE, Wiklund NP. Nerve-induced release of nitric oxide in the rabbit gastrointestinal tract as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Br J Pharmacol 1997;120:702-6.
Validation of Microdialysis Probes for Studying Nitrosative Chemistry Within Localized Regions of the Human Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.