Pain attacks in non-complicated and complicated gallstone disease have a characteristic pattern and are accompanied by dyspepsia in most patients: The results of a prospective study

References

• Berger MY, van der Velden JJ, Lijmer JG, de Kort H, Prins A, Bohnen AM. Abdominal symptoms: do they predict gallstones? A systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000; 35: 70–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traverso LW, Lonborg R, Pettingell K, Fenster LF. Utilization of cholecystectomy: a prospective outcome analysis in 1325 patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2000; 4: 1–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jorgensen T. Abdominal symptoms and gallstone disease: an epidemiological investigation. Hepatology 1989; 9: 856–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traverso LW. Clinical manifestations and impact of gallstone disease. Am J Surg 1993; 165: 405–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fenster LF, Lonborg R, Thirlby RC, Traverso LW. What symptoms does cholecystectomy cure? Insights from an outcomes measurement project and review of the literature. Am J Surg 1995; 169: 533–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price WH. Gall-bladder dyspepsia. Br Med J 1963; 5350: 138–41
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pixley F, Mann J. Dietary factors in the aetiology of gall stones: a case control study. Gut 1988; 29: 1511–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janzon L, Aspelin P, Eriksson S, Hildell J, Trell E, Ostberg H. Ultrasonographic screening for gallstone disease in middle-aged women. Detection rate, symptoms, and biochemical features. Scand J Gastroenterol 1985; 20: 706–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The epidemiology of gallstone disease in Rome, Italy. Part I. Prevalence data in men. The Rome Group for Epidemiology and Prevention of Cholelithiasis (GREPCO). Hepatology 1988;8:904–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bates T, Ebbs SR, Harrison M, A'Hern RP. Influence of cholecystectomy on symptoms. Br J Surg 1991; 78: 964–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vander Velpen GC, Shimi SM, Cuschieri A. Outcome after cholecystectomy for symptomatic gall stone disease and effect of surgical access: laparoscopic v open approach. Gut 1993; 34: 1448–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ros E, Zambon D. Postcholecystectomy symptoms. A prospective study of gall stone patients before and two years after surgery. Gut 1987; 28: 1500–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middelfart HV, Kristensen JU, Laursen CN, Qvist N, Hojgaard L, Funch-Jensen P, et al. Pain and dyspepsia after elective and acute cholecystectomy. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998; 33: 10–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luman W, Adams WH, Nixon SN, McIntyre IM, Hamer-Hodges D, Wilson G, et al. Incidence of persistent symptoms after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective study. Gut 1996; 39: 863–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam CM, Murray FE, Cuschieri A. Increased cholecystectomy rate after the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Scotland. Gut 1996; 38: 282–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunn A, Keddie N. Some clinical observations on patients with gallstones. Lancet 1972; 2: 239–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• French EB, Robb WA. Biliary and renal colic. Br Med J 1963; 5350: 135–8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith LA. The pattern of pain in the diagnosis of upper abdominal disorders. J Am Med Assoc 1954; 156: 1566–73
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• W Silen, editor. Cope's early diagnosis of the acute abdomen. New York:Oxford University Press; 1987. pp. 114–52.
   Google Scholar
• Rhind JA, Watson L. Gall stone dyspepsia. Br Med J 1968; 1: 32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartrum RJ, Jr., Crow HC, Foote SR. Ultrasonic and radiographic cholecystography. N Engl J Med 1977; 296: 538–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leopold GR, Amberg J, Gosink BB, Mittelstaedt C. Gray scale ultrasonic cholecystography: a comparison with conventional radiographic techniques. Radiology 1976; 121: 445–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sondenaa K, Nesvik I, Solhaug JH, Soreide O. Randomization to surgery or observation in patients with symptomatic gallbladder stone disease. The problem of evidence-based medicine in clinical practice. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997; 32: 611–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vetrhus M, Soreide O, Solhaug JH, Nesvik I, Sondenaa K. Symptomatic, non-complicated gallbladder stone disease. Operation or observation? A randomized clinical study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002; 37: 834–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olafsson S, Berstad A. Changes in food tolerance and lifestyle after eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Scand J Gastroenterol 2003; 38: 268–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigas B, Torosis J, McDougall CJ, Vener KJ, Spiro HM. The circadian rhythm of biliary colic. J Clin Gastroenterol 1990; 12: 409–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diehl AK, Sugarek NJ, Todd KH. Clinical evaluation for gallstone disease: usefulness of symptoms and signs in diagnosis. Am J Med 1990; 89: 29–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegge C, Kjaergaard J. Evaluation of symptoms and signs of gallstone disease in patients admitted with upper abdominal pain. Scand J Gastroenterol 1985; 20: 933–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diettrich H, Wundrich B, Kobe E, Noack S, Weber K. Gastroscopy before cholecystectomy. Gastroenterol J 1990; 50: 173–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drossmann DA. The functional gastrointestinal disorders and the Rome II process. Gut 1999; 5(Suppl 2)II1–II5
   Google Scholar
• Minoli G, Imperiale G, Spinzi GC, Terruzzi V, Rigas B. Circadian periodicity and other clinical features of biliary pain. J Clin Gastroenterol 1991; 13: 546–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muhrbeck O. Symptoms of gallstone disease in a Swedish population. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995; 7: 1209–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Talley NJ, Piper DW. Comparison of the clinical features and illness behaviour of patients presenting with dyspepsia of unknown cause (essential dyspepsia) and organic disease. Aust NZ J Med 1986; 16: 352–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lein HH, Huang CS. Male gender: risk factor for severe symptomatic cholelithiasis. World J Surg 2002; 26: 598–601
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rome Group for the Epidemiology and Prevention of Cholelithiasis (GREPCO). Prevalence of gallstone disease in an Italian adult female population. Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:796–805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell JC, Walsh SJ, Reed-Fourquet L, Mattie A, Lynch J. Symptomatic cholelithiasis: a different disease in men? Connecticut Laparoscopic Cholesystectomy Registry. Ann Surg 1998; 227: 195–200
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ness TJ, Gebhart GF. Visceral pain: a review of experimental studies. Pain 1990; 41: 167–234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson WS, Carter KM, Helm B, Garcia LA, Chambers RB, Keats BJ. Risk factors for gallstone disease in the laparoscopic era. Surg Endosc 2002; 16: 450–2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kraag N, Thijs C, Knipschild P. Dyspepsia: how noisy are gallstones? A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies of biliary pain, dyspeptic symptoms, and food intolerance. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995; 30: 411–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson AG. Gallstones and flatulent dyspepsia: cause or coincidence?. Postgrad Med J 1971; 47: 767–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingston RD, Windsor CW. Flatulent dyspepsia in patients with gallstones undergoing cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 1975; 62: 231–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talley NJ. Gallstones and upper abdominal discomfort. Innocent bystander or a cause of dyspepsia?. J Clin Gastroenterol 1995; 20: 182–3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diehl AK. Symptoms of gallstone disease. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 1992; 6: 635–57
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Glambek I, Arnesjo B, Soreide O. Correlation between gallstones and abdominal symptoms in a random population. Results from a screening study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1989; 24: 277–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay L, Jorgensen T, Jensen KH. Epidemiology of abdominal symptoms in a random population: prevalence, incidence, and natural history. Eur J Epidemiol 1994; 10: 559–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abu Farsakh NA, Stietieh M, Abu Farsakh FA. The postcholecystectomy syndrome. A role for duodenogastric reflux. J Clin Gastroenterol 1996; 22: 197–201
   PubMedGoogle Scholar