Impact of molecularly defined hypolactasia, self-perceived milk intolerance and milk consumption on bone mineral density in a population sample in Northern Europe

References

• US Department of Health and Human Services. Bone health and osteoporosis: a report of the surgeon general. 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Sahi T. Dietary lactose and the aetiology of human small-intestinal hypolactasia. Gut 1978; 19: 1074–86
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lember M, Tamm A. Lactose absorption and milk drinking habits in Estonians with myocardial infarction. Br Med J 1988; 296: 95–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rasinpera H, Forsblom C, Enattah NS, Halonen P, Salo K, Victorzon M, et al. The C/C-13910 genotype of adult-type hypolactasia is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in the Finnish population. Gut 2005; 54: 643–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meloni G, Ogana A, Mannazzu MC, Meloni T, Carta F, Carta A. High prevalence of lactose absorbers in patients with presenile cataract from northern Sardinia. Br J Ophthalmol 1995; 79: 709
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matlik L, Savaiano D, McCabe G, VanLoan M, Blue CL, Boushey CJ. Perceived milk intolerance is related to bone mineral content in 10- to 13-year-old female adolescents. Pediatrics 2007; 120: e669–77
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Honkanen R, Pulkkinen P, Jarvinen R, Kroger H, Lindstedt K, Tuppurainen M, et al. Does lactose intolerance predispose to low bone density? A population-based study of perimenopausal Finnish women. Bone 1996; 19: 23–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Enattah N, Pekkarinen T, Valimaki MJ, Loyttyniemi E, Jarvela I. Genetically defined adult-type hypolactasia and self-reported lactose intolerance as risk factors of osteoporosis in Finnish postmenopausal women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005; 59: 1105–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obermayer-Pietsch BM, Bonelli CM, Walter DE, Kuhn RJ, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Berghold A, et al. Genetic predisposition for adult lactose intolerance and relation to diet, bone density, and bone fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2004; 19: 42–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kudlacek S, Freudenthaler O, Weissboeck H, Schneider B, Willvonseder R. Lactose intolerance: a risk factor for reduced bone mineral density and vertebral fractures?. J Gastroenterol 2002; 37: 1014–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Corazza GR, Benati G, Di SA, Tarozzi C, Strocchi A, Passeri M, et al. Lactose intolerance and bone mass in postmenopausal Italian women. Br J Nutr 1995; 73: 479–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gugatschka M, Hoeller A, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Dobnig H, Pietschmann P, Kudlacek S, et al. Calcium supply, bone mineral density and genetically defined lactose maldigestion in a cohort of elderly men. J Endocrinol Invest 2007; 30: 46–51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Segal E, Dvorkin L, Lavy A, Rozen GS, Yaniv I, Raz B, et al. Bone density in axial and appendicular skeleton in patients with lactose intolerance: influence of calcium intake and vitamin D status. J Am Coll Nutr 2003; 22: 201–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlqvist A. Method for assay of intestinal disaccharidases. Anal Biochem 1964; 7: 18–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soeparto P, Stobo EA, Walker-Smith JA. Role of chemical examination of the stool in diagnosis of sugar malabsorption in children. Arch Dis Child 1972; 47: 56–61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bond JH, Jr, Levitt MD. Use of pulmonary hydrogen (H2) measurements to quantitate carbohydrate absorption. Study of partially gastrectomized patients. J Clin Invest 1972; 51: 1219–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auricchio S, Rubino A, Landolt M, Semenza G, Prader A. Isolated intestinal lactase deficiency in the adult. Lancet 1963; 2: 324–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arola H, Koivula T, Jokela H, Isokoski M. Simple urinary test for lactose malabsorption. Lancet 1982; 2: 524–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lember M. Assessment of lactose tests. Am Fam Physician 2002; 66: 2206–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Enattah NS, Sahi T, Savilahti E, Terwilliger JD, Peltonen L, Jarvela I. Identification of a variant associated with adult-type hypolactasia. Nat Genet 2002; 30: 233–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kull M, Kallikorn R, Tamm A, Villmaa T, Lepiksoo M, Lember M. Vitamin D levels are low year-round in Northern Europe: population-based study of adult general population in Estonia. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66: 528
   Google Scholar
• Lember M, Torniainen S, Kull M, Kallikorm R, Saadla P, Rajasalu T, et al. Lactase non-persistence and milk consumption in Estonia. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 7329–31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Enattah N, Valimaki VV, Valimaki MJ, Loyttyniemi E, Sahi T, Jarvela I. Molecularly defined lactose malabsorption, peak bone mass and bone turnover rate in young Finnish men. Calcif Tissue Int 2004; 75: 488–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz M, Wishart J, Mundy L, Nordin BE. Lactose and calcium absorption in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Arch Intern Med 1987; 147: 534–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bronner F. Intestinal calcium absorption: mechanisms and applications. J Nutr 1987; 117: 1347–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armbrecht HJ, Wasserman RH. Enhancement of Ca + + uptake by lactose in the rat small intestine. J Nutr 1976; 106: 1265–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochet B, Jung A, Griessen M, Bartholdi P, Schaller P, Donath A. Effects of lactose on intestinal calcium absorption in normal and lactase-deficient subjects. Gastroenterology 1983; 84: 935–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroccio A, Montalto G, Cavera G, Notarbatolo A. Lactose intolerance and self-reported milk intolerance: relationship with lactose maldigestion and nutrient intake. Lactase Deficiency Study Group. J Am Coll Nutr 1998; 17: 631–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mykkanen HM, Wasserman RH. Enhanced absorption of calcium by casein phosphopeptides in rachitic and normal chicks. J Nutr 1980; 110: 2141–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonnerdal B, Lien EL. Nutritional and physiologic significance of alpha-lactalbumin in infants. Nutr Rev 2003; 61: 295–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnero P, Hausherr E, Chapuy MC, Marcelli C, Grandjean H, Muller C, et al. Markers of bone resorption predict hip fracture in elderly women: the EPIDOS Prospective Study. J Bone Miner Res 1996; 11: 1531–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Cauley JA, Thompson DE, Nevitt MC, et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Lancet 1996; 348: 1535–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar