Soluble programmed death-1 levels are associated with disease activity and treatment response in patients with autoimmune hepatitis

References

• Manns MP, Czaja AJ, Gorham JD, et al. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 2010;51:2193–2213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feld JJ, Dinh H, Arenovich T, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis: effect of symptoms and cirrhosis on natural history and outcome. Hepatology. 2005;42:53–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler WR, Cummings OW, Eckert G, et al. Fulminant hepatic failure as the initial presentation of acute autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:625–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liberal R, Grant CR, Mieli-Vergani G, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun. 2013;41:126–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heneghan MA, Yeoman AD, Verma S, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis. Lancet. 2013;382:1433–1444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longhi MS, Ma Y, Bogdanos DP, et al. Impairment of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cells in autoimmune liver disease. J Hepatol. 2004;41:31–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedoeem A, Azoulay-Alfaguter I, Strazza M, et al. Programmed death-1 pathway in cancer and autoimmunity. Clin Immunol. 2014;153:145–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latchman Y, Wood CR, Chernova T, et al. PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation. Nat Immunol. 2001;2:261–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okazaki T, Honjo T. PD-1 and PD-1 ligands: from discovery to clinical application. Int Immunol. 2007;19:813–824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araki K, Youngblood B, Ahmed R. Programmed cell death 1-directed immunotherapy for enhancing T-cell function. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2014 [Epub ahead of print].
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blank C, Mackensen A. Contribution of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway to T-cell exhaustion: an update on implications for chronic infections and tumor evasion. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2007;56:739–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong H, Zhu G, Tamada K, et al. B7-H1 determines accumulation and deletion of intrahepatic CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Immunity. 2004;20:327–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao J, Liu FX, Yu MX. Expression of programmed death 1 and its ligands in the liver of autoimmune hepatitis C57BL/6 mice. Chinese Med J. 2009;122:1941–1946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kido M, Watanabe N, Okazaki T, et al. Fatal autoimmune hepatitis induced by concurrent loss of naturally arising regulatory T cells and PD-1-mediated signaling. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:1333–1343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aoki N, Kido M, Iwamoto S, et al. Dysregulated generation of follicular helper T cells in the spleen triggers fatal autoimmune hepatitis in mice. Gastroenterology. 2011;140:1322–1333,e1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limmer A, Ohl J, Kurts C, et al. Efficient presentation of exogenous antigen by liver endothelial cells to CD8+ T cells results in antigen-specific T-cell tolerance. Nat Med. 2000;6:1348–1354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oikawa T, Takahashi H, Ishikawa T, et al. Intrahepatic expression of the co-stimulatory molecules programmed death-1, and its ligands in autoimmune liver disease. Pathol Int. 2007;57:485–492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang BJ, Bao JJ, Wang JZ, et al. Immunostaining of PD-1/PD-Ls in liver tissues of patients with hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2011;17:3322–3329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan B, Nie H, Liu A, et al. Aberrant regulation of synovial T cell activation by soluble costimulatory molecules in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol. 2006;177:8844–8850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen C, Ohm-Laursen L, Barington T, et al. Alternative splice variants of the human PD-1 gene. Cell Immunol. 2005;235:109–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pen JJ, Keersmaecker BD, Heirman C, et al. Interference with PD-L1/PD-1 co-stimulation during antigen presentation enhances the multifunctionality of antigen-specific T cells. Gene Ther. 2014;21:262–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao H, Huang B, Yuan Y, et al. Soluble PD-1 facilitates 4-1BBL-triggered antitumor immunity against murine H22 hepatocarcinoma in vivo. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:1823–1830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, et al. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 1999;31:929–938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practise Guidelines: autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2015;63:971–1004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greisen SR, Rasmussen TK, Stengaard-Pedersen K, et al. Increased soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) is associated with disease activity and radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis. Scandinavian J Rheumatol. 2014;43:101–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing K, Gu B, Zhang P, et al. Dexamethasone enhances programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression during T cell activation: an insight into the optimum application of glucocorticoids in anti-cancer therapy. BMC Immunol. 2015;16:39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinney EF, Lee JC, Jayne DR, et al. T-cell exhaustion, co-stimulation and clinical outcome in autoimmunity and infection. Nature. 2015;523:612–616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wherry EJ. T cell exhaustion. Nat Immunol. 2011;12:492–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi JS, Cox MA, Zajac AJ. T-cell exhaustion: characteristics, causes and conversion. Immunology. 2010;129:474–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sage PT, Alvarez D, Godec J, et al. Circulating T follicular regulatory and helper cells have memory-like properties. J Clin Invest. 2014;124:5191–5204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumoto K, Miyake Y, Matsushita H, et al. Anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody as a new serological marker for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;29:110–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyake Y, Yamamoto K, Matsushita H, et al. Multicenter validation study of anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody as a serological marker for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatol Res. 2014;44:1299–1307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar