Lanreotide in the management of small bowel angioectasias: seven-year data from a tertiary centre

References

• Chen WG, Shan GD, Zhang H, et al. Double-balloon enteroscopy in small bowel diseases: Eight years single-center experience in China. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e5104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Igawa A, Oka S, Tanaka S, et al. Major predictors and management of small-bowel angioectasia. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015;15:108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romagnuolo J, Brock AS, Ranney N. Is endoscopic therapy effective for angioectasia in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding?: a systematic review of the literature. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2015;49:823–830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai E, Endo H, Taguri M, et al. Frequency and risk factors for rebleeding events in patients with small bowel angioectasia. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014;14:200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh SJ, Im JP, Kim JW, et al. Long-term outcome in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after negative capsule endoscopy. WJG. 2013;19:1632–1638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamberts SW, van der Lely AJ, de Herder WW, et al. Octreotide. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:246–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarpignato C, Pelosini I. Somatostatin for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and pancreatic surgery. A review of its pharmacology and safety. Digestion. 1999;60(Suppl 3):1–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubba AK, Dallal H, Haydon GH, et al. The effect of octreotide on gastroduodenal blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry in rabbits and man. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94:1077–1082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrie R, Woltering EA, Hajarizadeh H, et al. Inhibition of angiogenesis by somatostatin and somatostatin-like compounds is structurally dependent. J Surg Res. 1993;55:446–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurosaki M, Saegert W, Abe T, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas: special reference to the octreotide treatment. Neurol Res. 2008;30:518–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson JM, Jennings JS, Jones RL. Long-acting somatostatin analogue therapy in obscure-overt gastrointestinal bleeding in noncirrhotic portal hypertension: a case report and literature review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;22:754–758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbanoj M, Antonijoan R, Morte A, et al. Pharmacokinetics of the somatostatin analog lanreotide in patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999;66:485–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Full prescribing information: lanreotide. [online]. 2014. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/022074s010lbl.pdf [cited 2017 Apr 19].
   Google Scholar
• Pandey VF, Ingle MF, Pandav NF, et al. The role of capsule endoscopy in etiological diagnosis and management of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Intest Res. 2016;14:69–74.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chu YF, Wu SF, Qian YF, et al. Complimentary imaging modalities for investigating obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: capsule endoscopy, double-balloon enteroscopy, and computed tomographic enterography. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2016;2016:8367519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riccioni ME, Urgesi R, Spada C, et al. Unexplained iron deficiency anaemia: Is it worthwhile to perform capsule endoscopy? Dig Liver Dis. 2010;42:560–566.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Albrecht HF, Hagel WH, Hagel AF, et al. Double-balloon enteroscopy-detected lipid islets in the small bowel are strong predictors of cardiovascular disease when associated with angiectasia and bleeding. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2016;25:33–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foutch PG, Sawyer R, Sanowski RA. Push-enteroscopy for diagnosis of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin. Gastrointest Endosc. 1990;36:337–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong J, Tagle M, Barkin JS, et al. Small bowel push-type fiberoptic enteroscopy for patients with occult gastrointestinal bleeding or suspected small bowel pathology. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89:2143–2146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boley SJ, Sammartano R, Adams A, et al. On the nature and etiology of vascular ectasias of the colon. Degenerative lesions of aging. Gastroenterology. 1977;72:650–660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yano T, Yamamoto H, Sunada K, et al. Endoscopic classification of vascular lesions of the small intestine (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;67:169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Junquera F, Saperas E, de Torres I, et al. Increased expression of angiogenic factors in human colonic angiodysplasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94:1070–1076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris AL. Hypoxia-a key regulatory factor in tumour growth. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2:38–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada AF, Niikura RF, Kobayashi YF, et al. Risk factors for small bowel angioectasia: the impact of visceral fat accumulation. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21:7242–7247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holleran GF, Hall B, Hussey M, et al. Small bowel angiodysplasia and novel disease associations: a cohort study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013;48:433–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollinger EF, Raines D, Saitta P. Distribution of bleeding gastrointestinal angioectasias in a Western population. WJG. 2012;18:6235–6239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plotkin EF, Imaeda A. Small intestinal angioectasias are not randomly distributed in the small bowel and most may be reached by push enteroscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016;50:561–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman DF, Leslie G, Marya N, et al. Small intestinal angioectasia: characterization, risk factors, and rebleeding. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeBenedet AT, Saini SD, Takami M, et al. Do clinical characteristics predict the presence of small bowel angioectasias on capsule endoscopy? Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56:1776–1781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saperas E, Videla S, Bayarri C. Risk factors for recurrence of acute gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21:1333–1339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Junquera F, Feu F, Papo M, et al. A multicenter, randomized, clinical trial of hormonal therapy in the prevention of rebleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia. Gastroenterology. 2001;121:1073–1079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan WF, Ge ZZ, Gao YJ, et al. Long-term outcome in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after capsule endoscopy. J Dig Dis. 2015;16:125–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson CS, Gerson LB. Management of gastrointestinal angiodysplastic lesions (GIADs): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109:474–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeon SR, Byeon JS, Jang HJ, Small Intestine Research Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Disease (KASID), et al. Clinical outcome after enteroscopy for small bowel angioectasia bleeding: A Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Disease (KASID) multicenter study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32:388–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Möschler O, May A, Müller MK, German DBE Study Group, et al. Complications in and performance of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE): results from a large prospective DBE database in Germany. Endoscopy. 2011;43:484–489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuckerman GR, Prakash C, Askin MP, et al. AGA technical review on the evaluation and management of occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroenterology. 2000;118:201–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofland LJ, Lamberts SW. Somatostatin receptors and disease: role of receptor subtypes. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;10:163–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Thiel SW, Romijn JA, Biermasz NR, et al. Octreotide long-acting repeatable and lanreotide autogel are equally effective in controlling growth hormone secretion in acromegalic patients. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004;150:489–495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulassay Z. Somatostatin and the gastrointestinal tract. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1998;228:115–121.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rossini FP, Arrigoni A, Pennazio M. Octreotide in the treatment of bleeding due to angiodysplasia of the small intestine. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88:1424–1427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velasco NF, Imtiaz TF, Shah AAF, et al. Successful treatment of refractory midgut bleeding with ocreotide and corticosteroids in a dialysis patient with suspected sarcoidosis. BMJ Case Rep. 2016;2016:215513. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2016-215513
   Google Scholar
• Infante JFM, Gallardo BP, Alonso MH, et al. Octreotide long acting release for severe obscure gastrointestinal haemorrhage in elderly patients with serious comorbidities. [Article in Spanish]. Med Clin (Barc). 2009;133:667–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Palma GDF, Salvatori F, Masone S, et al. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding following aortic valve replacement in a patient with Heyde’s syndrome. Case report. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2007;53:291–293.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ruiz VFM, Pérez BG, Jiménez AS, et al. [Multiple angiodysplasia of the small intestine. A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge]. [Article in Spanish]. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;27:311–313.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coppola AF, De Stefano V, Tufano A, et al. Long-lasting intestinal bleeding in an old patient with multiple mucosal vascular abnormalities and Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia: 3-year pharmacological management. J Intern Med. 2002;252:271–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nardone GF, Rocco A, Balzano T, et al. The efficacy of octreotide therapy in chronic bleeding due to vascular abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999;13:1429–1436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Junquera FF, Saperas E, Videla S, et al. Long-term efficacy of octreotide in the prevention of recurrent bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:254–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scaglione GF, Pietrini L, Russo F, et al. Long-acting octreotide as rescue therapy in chronic bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26:935–942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivera MF, Lucero J, Guerrero A, et al. Octreotide in the treatment of angiodysplasia in patients with advanced chronic renal failure]. [Article in Spanish] Nefrologia. 2005;25:332–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowers MF, McNulty O, Mayne E. Octreotide in the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding caused by angiodysplasia in two patients with von Willebrand’s disease. Br J Haematol. 2000;108:524–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blich MF, Fruchter O, Edelstein S, et al. Somatostatin therapy ameliorates chronic and refractory gastrointestinal bleeding caused by diffuse angiodysplasia in a patient on anticoagulation therapy. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2003;38:801–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almadi MF, Ghali PM, Constantin A, et al. Recurrent obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: dilemmas and success with pharmacological therapies. Case series and review. Can J Gastroenterol. 2009;23:625–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holleran GF, Hall BF, Breslin N, et al. Long-acting somatostatin analogues provide significant beneficial effect in patients with refractory small bowel angiodysplasia: results from a proof of concept open label mono-centre trial. United European Gastroenterol J. 2016;4:70–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bon C, Aparicio T, Vincent M, et al. Long-acting somatostatin analogues decrease blood transfusion requirements in patients with refractory gastrointestinal bleeding associated with angiodysplasia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;36:587–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos-Rosario HA, Aranda EB, Lorente JLM, et al. Efficacy of lanreotide in patients with gastrointestinal angiodysplasia refractory to octreotide therapy. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;39:213–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klímová K, Padilla-Suárez C, Giménez-Manzorro Á, et al. Octreotide long-active release in the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding due to vascular malformations: cost-effectiveness study. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2015;107:79–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JB, Ye BD, Song Y, et al. Frequency of rebleeding events in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding with negative capsule endoscopy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;28:834–840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Toole D, Ducreux M, Bommelaer G, et al. Treatment of carcinoid syndrome: a prospective crossover evaluation of lanreotide versus octreotide in terms of efficacy, patient acceptability, and tolerance. Cancer. 2000;88:770–776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown C, Subramanian V, Wilcox CM, et al. Somatostatin analogues in the treatment of recurrent bleeding from gastrointestinal vascular malformations: an overview and systematic review of prospective observational studies. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:2129–2134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gracie WA, Ransohoff DF. The natural history of silent gallstones: the innocent gallstone is not a myth. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:798–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman GD, Raviola CA, Fireman B. Prognosis of gallstones with mild or no symptoms: 25 years of follow-up in a health maintenance organization. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989;42:127–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McSherry CK, Ferstenberg H, Calhoun WF, et al. The natural history of diagnosed gallstone disease in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Ann Surg. 1985;202:59–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strasberg SM. Clinical practice. Acute calculous cholecystitis. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2804–2811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redfern JS, Fortuner WJ II. Octreotide-associated biliary tract dysfunction and gallstone formation: pathophysiology and management. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90:1042–1052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granieri R, Mazzulla JP, Yarborough GW. Estrogen-progesterone therapy for recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to gastrointestinal angiodysplasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1988;83:556–558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chey WD, Hasler WL, Bockenstedt PL. Angiodysplasia and von Willebrand’s disease type IIB treated with estrogen/progesterone therapy. Am J Hematol. 1992;41:276–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moshkowitz M, Arber N, Amir N, et al. Success of estrogen-progesterone therapy in long-standing bleeding gastrointestinal angioectasia. Report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:194–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavabre-Bertrand T, Navarro M, Blanc P, et al. Von Willebrand’s disease, digestive angioectasia, and estrogen-progesterone treatment. Am J Hematol. 1994;46:254–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Junquera F, Santos J, Saperas E, et al. Estrogen and progestagen treatment in digestive hemorrhage caused by vascular malformations. [Article in Spanish] Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1995;18:61–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cacoub P, Sbaï A, Benhamou Y, et al. Severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to diffuse angioectasia: efficacy of estrogen-progesterone treatment]. [Article in French] Presse Med. 2000;29:139–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takenaka T, Kanno Y, Suzuki H. Judicious usage of estrogen/progesterone for angiodysplasia. Artif Organs. 2005;29:88–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson JD, Lordon RE. Gastrointestinal bleeding caused by angioectasia: a difficult problem in patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis therapy. Am Surg. 1993;59:636–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vase P. Estrogen treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. A double-blind controlled clinical trial. Acta Med Scand. 1981;209:393–396.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swanson E, Mahgoub A, MacDonald R, et al. Medical and endoscopic therapies for angiodysplasia and gastric antral vascular ectasia: a systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12:571–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis BS, Salomon P, Rivera-MacMurray S, et al. Does hormonal therapy have any benefit for bleeding angiodysplasia? J Clin Gastroenterol. 1992;15:99–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanepoel AC, Naidoo P, Nielsen VG, Pretorius E. Clinical relevance of hypercoagulability and possible hypofibrinolysis associated with estrone and estriol. Microsc Res Tech. 2017. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1002/jemt.22854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gialeraki A, Valsami S, Pittaras T, et al. Oral contraceptives and HRT risk of thrombosis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2016. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1177/1076029616683802
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eden J. The endometrial and breast safety of menopausal hormone therapy containing micronised progesterone: a short review. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;57:12–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izquierdo Navarro MC, Hernando VM, Cardaba GE, et al. Therapeutic failure with thalidomide in patients with recurrent intestinal bleeding due to angioectasias. Farm Hosp. 2016;40:230–232.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matthews SJ, McCoy C. Thalidomide: a review of approved and investigational uses. Clin Ther. 2003;25:342–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauer H, Günther J, Hescheler J, et al. Thalidomide inhibits angiogenesis in embryoid bodies by the generation of hydroxyl radicals. Am J Pathol. 2000;156:151–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephens TD, Bunde CJ, Fillmore BJ. Mechanism of action in thalidomide teratogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000;59:1489–1499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimopoulos M, Spencer A, Attal M, Multiple Myeloma (010) Study Investigators, et al. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2123–2132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palumbo A, Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, International Myeloma Working Group, et al. Prevention of thalidomide- and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma. Leukemia. 2008;22:414–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singhal S, Mehta J, Desikan R, et al. Antitumor activity of thalidomide in refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1565–1571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitani Y, Usami E, Kimura M, et al. Risk factors for neutropenia with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone therapy for multiple myeloma. Pharmazie. 2016;71:349–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad HK, Kaushal V, Mehta P. Isolated thrombocytopenia induced by thalidomide in a patient with multiple myeloma: case report and review of literature. Am J Hematol. 2007;82:855–857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabbinavar F, Hurwitz HI, Fehrenbacher L, et al. Phase II, randomized trial comparing bevacizumab plus fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) with FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. JCO. 2003;21:60–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hapani S, Chu D, Wu S. Risk of gastrointestinal perforation in patients with cancer treated with bevacizumab: a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10:559–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar