Epidemiology, risk of malignancy and patient survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a population-based study in Finland

References

• Lindkvist B, Benito de Valle M, Gullberg B, et al. Incidence and prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a defined adult population in Sweden. Hepatology. 2010;52:571–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molodecky NA, Kareemi H, Parab R, et al. Incidence of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2011;53:1590–1599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponsioen CY, Vrouenraets SM, Prawirodirdjo W, et al. Natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis and prognostic value of cholangiography in a Dutch population. Gut. 2002;51:562–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ang TL, Fock KM, Ng TM, et al. Clinical profile of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Singapore. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002;17:908–913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyson JK, Beuers U, Jones DEJ, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis. Lancet. 2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Toole A, Alakkari A, Keegan D, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and disease distribution in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10:439–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fevery J, Henckaerts L, Van Oirbeek R, et al. Malignancies and mortality in 200 patients with primary sclerosering cholangitis: a long-term single-centre study. Liver Int. 2012;32:214–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soetikno RM, Lin OS, Heidenreich PA, et al. Increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;56:48–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorensen JO, Nielsen OH, Andersson M, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a Danish population-based cohort study 1977–2011. Liver Int. 2018;38:532–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergquist A, Ekbom A, Olsson R, et al. Hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2002;36:321–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manninen P, Karvonen AL, Laukkarinen J, et al. Colorectal cancer and cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015;50:423–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tischendorf JJ, Hecker H, Krüger M, et al. Characterization, outcome, and prognosis in 273 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a single center study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:107–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boberg K. Time-dependent Cox regression model is superior in prediction of prognosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2002;35:652–657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claessen MMH, Vleggaar FP, Tytgat K, et al. High lifetime risk of cancer in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2009;50:158–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goode EC, Rushbrook SM. A review of the medical treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in the 21st century. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2016;7:68–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonstra K, Weersma RK, van Erpecum KJ, on behalf of the EpiPSCPBC Study Group, et al. Population-based epidemiology, malignancy risk, and outcome of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2013;58:2045–2055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broomé U, Olsson R, Lööf L, et al. Natural history and prognostic factors in 305 Swedish patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut. 1996;38:610–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boberg KM, Aadland E, Jahnsen J, et al. Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis in a Norwegian population. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1998;33:99–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka A, Takikawa H. Geoepidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a critical review. J Autoimmun. 2013;46:35–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingham JG, Kochar N, Gravenor MB. Incidence, clinical patterns, and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in South Wales, United Kingdom. Gastroenterology. 2004;126:1929–1930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jussila A, Virta LJ, Salomaa V, et al. High and increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in Finland with a clear North-South difference. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7:e256–262.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boyd S, Tenca A, Jokelainen K, et al. Screening primary sclerosing cholangitis and biliary dysplasia with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and brush cytology: risk factors for biliary neoplasia. Endoscopy. 2016;48:432–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liver EAftSot. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases. J Hepatol. 2009;51:237–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindor KD, Kowdley KV, Harrison ME. ACG clinical guideline: primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110:646–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seppa K, Hakulinen T, Laara E, et al. Comparing net survival estimators of cancer patients. Statist Med. 2016;35:1866–1879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases. J Hepatol. 2009;51:237–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunder AK, Hov JR, Borthne A, et al. Prevalence of sclerosing cholangitis detected by magnetic resonance cholangiography in patients with long-term inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2016;151:660–669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parlak E, Dişibeyaz S, Ödemiş B, et al. Demonstration of retraction of the main papilla toward the biliary system in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Dig Endosc. 2012;24:384–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moff SL, Kamel IR, Eustace J, et al. Diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a blinded comparative study using magnetic resonance cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:219–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi G, Sciveres M, Maruzzelli L, et al. Diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis in children: blinded, comparative study of magnetic resonance versus endoscopic cholangiography. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2013;37:596–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schramm C, Eaton J, Ringe KI, for the MRI working group of the IPSCSG, et al. Recommendations on the use of magnetic resonance imaging in PSC-A position statement from the International PSC Study Group. Hepatology. 2017;66:1675–1688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenca A, Mustonen H, Lind K, et al. The role of magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the evaluation of disease activity and severity in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver Int. 2018;38:2329–2339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fevery J, Verslype C, Lai G, et al. Incidence, diagnosis, and therapy of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52:3123–3135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weismüller TJ, Trivedi PJ, Bergquist A, et al. Patient age, sex, and inflammatory bowel disease phenotype associate with course of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology. 2017;152:1975–1984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pukkala E, Engholm G, Højsgaard Schmidt LK, et al. Nordic Cancer Registries - an overview of their procedures and data comparability. Acta Oncol. 2018;57:440–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar