References
- Ginès P, Schrier R. Renal failure in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(13):1279–1290.
- Moreau R, Jalan R, Gines P, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(7):1426–1437.
- Bajaj JS, O’Leary JG, Reddy KR, et al. Survival in infection-related acute-on-chronic liver failure is defined by extrahepatic organ failures. Hepatology. 2014;60:250–256.
- Sarin SK, Kumar A, Almeida JA, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver (APASL): an update. Hepatol Int. 2009;3(1):269–282.
- Hirata Y, Mitaka C, Sato K, et al. Increased circulating adrenomedullin, a novel vasodilatory peptide, in sepsis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(4):1449–1453.
- López J, Martínez A. Cell and molecular biology of the multifunctional peptide, adrenomedullin. Int Rev Cytol. 2002;221:1–92.
- Guevara M, Ginès P, Jiménez W, et al. Increased adrenomedullin levels in cirrhosis: relationship with hemodynamic abnormalities and vasoconstrictor systems. Gastroenterology. 1998;114(2):336–343.
- Kojima H, Tsujimoto T, Uemura M, et al. Significance of increased plasma adrenomedullin concentration in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 1998;28(5):840–846.
- Hinson J, Kapas S, Smith D. Adrenomedullin, a multifunctional regulatory peptide[J]. Endocr Rev. 2000;21(2):138–167.
- Struck J, Tao C, Morgenthaler N, et al. Identification of an Adrenomedullin precursor fragment in plasma of sepsis patients. Peptides. 2004;25(8):1369–1372.
- Bernal-Morell E, García-Villalba E, Vera M, et al. Usefulness of midregional pro-adrenomedullin as a marker of organ damage and predictor of mortality in patients with sepsis. J Infect. 2018;76(3):249–257.
- Von Haehling S, Filippatos G, Papassotiriou J, et al. Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin as a novel predictor of mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Failure. 2010;12(5):484–491.
- Khan S, O’brien R, Struck J, et al. Prognostic value of midregional pro-adrenomedullin in patients with acute myocardial infarction: the LAMP (Leicester Acute Myocardial Infarction Peptide) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(14):1525–1532.
- Shi Y, Yang Y, Hu Y, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure precipitated by hepatic injury is distinct from that precipitated by extrahepatic insults. Hepatology. 2015;62(1):232–242.
- Jalan R, Saliba F, Pavesi M, et al. Development and validation of a prognostic score to predict mortality in patients with acute on chronic liver failure. J Hepatol. 2014;61(5):1038–1047.
- Morgenthaler N, Struck J, Alonso C, et al. Measurement of midregional proadrenomedullin in plasma with an immunoluminometric assay. Clin Chem. 2005;51(10):1823–1829.
- Reuken PA, Kiehntopf M, Stallmach A, et al. Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR- proADM): an even better prognostic biomarker than C-reactive protein to predict short-term survival in patients with decompensated cirrhosis at risk of infection? J. Hepatol. 2012;57(5):1156–1158.
- Linscheid P, Seboek D, Zulewski H, et al. Autocrine/paracrine role of inflammation-mediated calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin expression in human adipose tissue. Endocrinology. 2005;146(6):2699–2708.
- Eto T, Kato J, Kitamura K. Regulation of production and secretion of adrenomedullin in the cardiovascular system. Regul Pept. 2003;112(1-3):61–69.
- Devière J, Content J, Denys C, et al. Excessive in vitro bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced production of monokines in cirrhosis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 1990; 11(4):628–634.
- Fukui H, Brauner B, Bode J, et al. Plasma endotoxin concentrations in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease: reevaluation with an improved chromogenic assay. J Hepatol. 1991;12(2):162–169.
- Liu H, Lee S. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: the heart and systemic hemodynamics. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2011;17(2):190–194.
- Ishimitsu T, Nishikimi T, Saito Y, et al. Plasma levels of adrenomedullin, a newly identified hypotensive peptide, in patients with hypertension and renal failure. J Clin Invest. 1994;94(5):2158–2161.