8,726
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Case Report

Propranolol-induced hallucinations mimicking encephalopathy in a patient with liver cirrhosis

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 829-831 | Received 21 Mar 2021, Accepted 15 Apr 2021, Published online: 07 May 2021

References

  • Swaminathan M, Ellul MA, Cross TJ. Hepatic encephalopathy: current challenges and future prospects. Hepat Med. 2018;10:1–11.
  • Patidar KR, Bajaj JS. Covert and overt hepatic encephalopathy: diagnosis and management. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13(12):2048–2061.
  • American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, European Association for the Study of the Liver. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 practice guideline by the European Association for the Study of the Liver and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. J Hepatol. 2014;61(3):642–659.
  • Ferenci P. Hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2017;5(2):138–147.
  • Varma V, Mehta N, Kumaran V, et al. Indications and contraindications for liver transplantation. Int J Hepatol. 2011;2011:121862.
  • Hadjihambi A, Arias N, Sheikh M, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy: a critical current review. Hepatol Int. 2018;12(Suppl 1):135–147.
  • Fong TG, Tulebaev SR, Inouye SK. Delirium in elderly adults: diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Nat Rev Neurol. 2009;5(4):210–220.
  • Rodrigues SG, Mendoza YP, Bosch J. Beta-blockers in cirrhosis: evidence-based indications and limitations. JHEP Rep. 2020;2(1):100063.
  • Fleminger R. Visual hallucinations and illusions with propranolol. Br Med J. 1978;1(6121):1182.
  • Westerlund A. Central nervous system side-effects with hydrophilic and lipophilic β-blockers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1985;28(S1):73–76.
  • Taegtmeyer AB, Haschke M, Tchambaz L, et al. A Study of the relationship between serum bile acids and propranolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis and in healthy controls. Plos One. 2014;9(6):e97885.
  • Singh AK, Jiang Y, Gupta S, et al. Effects of chronic ethanol drinking on the blood brain barrier and ensuing neuronal toxicity in alcohol-preferring rats subjected to intraperitoneal LPS injection. Alcohol Alcohol. 2007;42(5):385–399.
  • Burza MA, Marschall H-U, Napoleone L, et al. The 35-year odyssey of beta blockers in cirrhosis: any gender difference in sight? Pharmacol Res. 2017;119:20–26.