Duodenal mast cells and eosinophils in children with celiac disease: occurrence and distribution pattern

References

• Schuppan D, Junker Y, Barisani D. Celiac disease: from pathogenesis to novel therapies. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(6):1912–1933.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabó IR, et al. European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54(1):136–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabó I, et al. European Society Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Guidelines for diagnosing coeliac disease 2020. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020;70(1):141–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felber J, Aust D, Baas S, et al. S2k-Leitlinie Zöliakie: Ergebnisse einer S2k-Konsensuskonferenz der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselerkrankungen (DGVS) gemeinsam mit der Deutschen Zöliakie-Gesellschaft (DZG e. V.) zur Zöliakie, Weizenallergie und Weizensensitivität. Z Gastroenterol. 2014;52:711–743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker JM, Liu E. Celiac disease: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and associated autoimmune conditions. Adv Pediatr. 2008;55:349–365.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Bergen J, Mulder CJ, Mearin ML, et al. Local communication among mucosal immune cells in patients with celiac disease. Gastroenterology. 2015;148(6):1187–1194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff SC. Physiological and pathophysiological functions of intestinal mast cells. Semin Immunopathol. 2009;31(2):185–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frossi B, M de C, Calabrò A. Coeliac disease and mast cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20:1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff SC. Mast cells in gastrointestinal disorders. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016;778:139–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell N, Walker M, Talley NJ. Gastrointestinal eosinophils in health, disease and functional disorders. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;7(3):146–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loktionov A. Eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract and their role in the pathogenesis of major colorectal disorders. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(27):3503–3526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keita ÅV, Söderholm JD. Mucosal permeability and mast cells as targets for functional gastrointestinal disorders. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2018;43:66–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallon C, Yang PC, Keita AV, et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) regulates macromolecular permeability via mast cells in normal human colonic biopsies in vitro. Gut. 2008;57(1):50–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S, Guan J, Ge M, et al. Intestinal mucosal injury induced by tryptase-activated protease-activated receptor 2 requires β-arrestin-2 in vitro. Mol Med Rep. 2015;12(5):7181–7187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallon C, Persborn M, Jönsson M, et al. Eosinophils express muscarinic receptors and corticotropin-releasing factor to disrupt the mucosal barrier in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(5):1597–1607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bednarska O, Walter SA, Casado-Bedmar M, et al. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and mast cells regulate increased passage of colonic bacteria in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2017;153(4):948–960.e3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keita ÅV, Carlsson AH, Cigéhn M, et al. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide regulates barrier function via mast cells in human intestinal follicle-associated epithelium and during stress in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013;25(6):e406–e417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh MN, Hinde J. Inflammatory component of celiac sprue mucosa. I. Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. Gastroenterology. 1985;89(1):92–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wingren U, Hallert C, Norrby K, et al. Histamine and mucosal mast cells in gluten enteropathy. Agents Actions. 1986;18(1–2):266–268.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strobel S, Busuttil A, Ferguson A. Human intestinal mucosal mast cells: expanded population in untreated coeliac disease. Gut. 1983;24(3):222–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosnai I, Kuitunen P, Savilahti E, et al. Mast cells and eosinophils in the jejunal mucosa of patients with intestinal cow's milk allergy and celiac disease of childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1984;3:368–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dollberg L, Gurevitz M, Freier S. Gastrointestinal mast cells in health, and in coeliac disease and other conditions. Arch Dis Child. 1980;55(9):702–705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suranyi Y, Freier S, Faber J, et al. Intestinal mast cells in different stages of celiac disease. Isr J Med Sci. 1986;22(5):370–375.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lancaster-Smith M, Packer S, Kumar PJ, et al. Cellular infiltrate of the jejunum after re-introduction of dietary gluten in children with treated coeliac disease. J Clin Pathol. 1976;29(7):587–591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter Michael D, Hunt James S, Walker Marjorie M, et al. Duodenal eosinophils as predictors of symptoms in coeliac disease: a comparison of coeliac disease and non-coeliac dyspeptic patients with controls. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2020;55(7):780–784.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talley NJ, Kephart GM, McGovern TW, et al. Deposition of eosinophil granule major basic protein in eosinophilic gastroenteritis and celiac disease. Gastroenterology. 1992;103(1):137–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavö B, Knutson L, Lööf L, et al. Challenge with gliadin induces eosinophil and mast cell activation in the jejunum of patients with celiac disease. Am J Med. 1989;87(6):655–660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroccio A, Ambrosiano G, Di Prima L, et al. Clinical symptoms in celiac patients on a gluten-free diet. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(11):1315–1321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberhuber G, Granditsch G, Vogelsang H. The histopathology of coeliac disease: time for a standardized report scheme for pathologists. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999;11(10):1185–1194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okayama Y, Kawakami T. Development, migration, and survival of mast cells. Immunol Res. 2006;34(2):97–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothenberg ME, Mishra A, Brandt EB, et al. Gastrointestinal eosinophils. Immunol Rev. 2001;179:139–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernetsova E, Sullivan K, Nanassy JD, et al. Histologic analysis of eosinophils and mast cells of the gastrointestinal tract in healthy Canadian children. Hum Pathol. 2016;54:55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frossi B, Tripodo C, Guarnotta C, et al. Mast cells are associated with the onset and progression of celiac disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(4):1266–1274e.1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theoharides TC. Mast cells in irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis: function not numbers is what makes all the difference. Dig Dis Sci. 2014;59(5):897–898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombel JF, Torpier G, Janin A, et al. Activated eosinophils in adult coeliac disease: evidence for a local release of major basic protein. Gut. 1992;33(9):1190–1194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravanbakhsh N, Kesavan A. The role of mast cells in pediatric gastrointestinal disease. Ann Gastroenterol. 2019;32(4):338–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mir SAV, Schady D, Olive AP, et al. Mucosal mast cell counts in pediatric eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014;25(1):94–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wershil BK. Exploring the role of mast cells in eosinophilic esophagitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2009;29(1):189–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gangwar RS, Friedman S, Seaf M, et al. Mast cells and eosinophils in allergy: close friends or just neighbors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016;778:77–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso-Silva D, Delbue D, Itzlinger A, et al. Intestinal barrier function in gluten-related disorders. Nutrients. 2019;11(10):2325–2319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed CC, Genta RM, Youngblood BA, et al. Mast cell and eosinophil counts in gastric and duodenal biopsies from patients with and without eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;20:2102–2111.
   Google Scholar
• Hällgren R, Colombel JF, Dahl R, et al. Neutrophil and eosinophil involvement of the small bowel in patients with celiac disease and Crohn's disease: studies on the secretion rate and immunohistochemical localization of granulocyte granule constituents. Am J Med. 1989;86(1):56–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff SC. Mucosal allergy: role of mast cells and eosinophil granulocytes in the gut. Baillièrés Clin Gastroenterol. 1996;10(3):443–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar