Confusion with the definition and diagnostic criteria for acute on chronic pancreatitis: review and recommendations

References

• Whitcomb DC, Frulloni L, Garg P, et al. Chronic pancreatitis: an international draft consensus proposal for a new mechanistic definition. Pancreatology. 2016;16(2):218–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou W-B, Ru N, Wu H, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis in China (2018 edition). Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2019;18(2):103–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novovic S, Borch A, Werge M, et al. Characterisation of the fibroinflammatory process involved in progression from acute to chronic pancreatitis: study protocol for a multicentre, prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(8):e028999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olesen SS, Drewes AM, Novovic S, et al. The sentinel acute pancreatitis event hypothesis revisited. Pancreatology. 2019;19(4):614–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hori Y, Vege SS, Chari ST, et al. Classic chronic pancreatitis is associated with prior acute pancreatitis in only 50% of patients in a large single-institution study. Pancreatology. 2019;19(2):224–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sj S, Ay X, Lm W, et al. Frequency of progression from acute to chronic pancreatitis and risk factors: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(6):1490–1500.e1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleeff J, Whitcomb DC, Shimosegawa T, et al. Chronic pancreatitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomiyama M, Arai A, Kimura T, et al. Exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis induced by anticholinesterase medications in myasthenia gravis. Eur J Neurol. 2008;15(5):e40–e41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal MP, Giri S, Gandhi V, et al. Education and Imaging. Gastrointestinal: a cutaneous clue to painless acute on chronic pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27(4):842–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenhart A, Hassan M, Meighani A, et al. A perplexing case of abdominal pain that led to the diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Case Rep Gastrointest Med. 2017;2017:1–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nealon WH, Matin S. Analysis of surgical success in preventing recurrent acute exacerbations in chronic pancreatitis. Ann Surg. 2001;233(6):793–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drewes AM, Bouwense SAW, Campbell CM, et al. Guidelines for the understanding and management of pain in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2017;17(5):720–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, et al. Classification of acute pancreatitis-2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut. 2013;62(1):102–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley EL. A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis. Summary of the international symposium on acute pancreatitis, Atlanta, GA, September 11 through 13, 1992. Arch Surg. 1993;128(5):586–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen TL, van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, et al. The atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis revisited. Br J Surg. 2008;95(1):6–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, et al. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):210.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sahay SJ, Gonzalez HD, Luong TV, et al. Pancreatic actinomycosis as a cause of retroperitoneal fibrosis in a patient with chronic pancreatitis. Case report and literature review. J Pancreas. 2010;11(5):477–479.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts JR, Romagnuolo J. Endoscopic therapy for acute recurrent pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2013;23(4):803–819.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De-Madaria E, Abad-González A, Aparicio JR, et al. The Spanish pancreatic Club recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis: part 1 (diagnosis). Pancreatology. 2013;13(1):8–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed Ali U, Jens S, Busch OR, et al. Antioxidants for pain in chronic pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(8):CD008945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sathiaraj E, Murthy S, Mansard MJ, et al. Clinical trial: oral feeding with a soft diet compared with clear liquid diet as initial meal in mild acute pancreatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(6):777–781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughey M, Taffel M, Zeman RK, et al. The diagnostic challenge of the sequelae of acute pancreatitis on CT imaging: a pictorial essay. Abdom Radiol. 2017;42(4):1199–1209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charilaou P, Mohapatra S, Joshi T, et al. Opioid use disorder in admissions for acute exacerbations of chronic pancreatitis and 30-day readmission risk: a nationwide matched analysis. Pancreatology. 2020;20(1):35–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malka D, Hammel P, Lévy P, et al. Splenic complications in chronic pancreatitis: prevalence and risk factors in a medical-surgical series of 500 patients. Br J Surg. 2003;85(12):1645–1649.
   Google Scholar
• Ji XF, Li XY, Fan YC, et al. Serum wnt5a is a predictor for the prognosis of acute on chronic hepatitis B liver failure. Biomarkers. 2015;20(1):26–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernaez R, Solà E, Moreau R, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: an update. Gut. 2017;66(3):541–553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luk CC-W, Chow K-M, Kwok JS-S, et al. Urinary biomarkers for the prediction of reversibility in acute-on-chronic renal failure. Dis Markers. 2013;34(3):179–185.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park IB, Moon SY, Kim YY, et al. Acute-on-chronic subdural hematoma by spinal anesthesia in a patient with undiagnosed chronic subdural hematoma-a case report. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2011;61(1):75–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Acharya C, Cline RA, Jaligama D, et al. Fibrosis reduces severity of acute-on-chronic pancreatitis in humans. Gastroenterology. 2013;145(2):466–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akshintala VS, Hutfless SM, Yadav D, et al. A population-based study of severity in patients with acute on chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2013;42(8):1245–1250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegazi R, Raina A, Graham T, et al. Early jejunal feeding initiation and clinical outcomes in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2011;35(1):91–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakorafas GH, Tsiotou AG, Peros G. Mechanisms and natural history of pain in chronic pancreatitis: a surgical perspective. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;41(7):689–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olesen SS, Kuhlmann L, Novovic S, et al. Association of multiple patient and disease characteristics with the presence and type of pain in chronic pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;35(2):326–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankisch PG, Brinkmann G, Maisonneuve P, et al. A note of caution for the doctor on duty: take the acute attack in chronic pancreatitis seriously!. J Intern Med. 2008;263(1):109–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baillie J. Endoscopy in the management of chronic pancreatitis. ASGE Clin Updat. 2005;13(1):1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Turner R. Acute pancreatitis is a chronic disease. Pancreat Disord Ther. 2013;3(2):1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Patel R, Pipaliya N, Poddar P, et al. Pulmonary thromboembolism complicating acute pancreatitis with pancreatic ascites: a series of 4 cases. J Pancreas. 2016;17:308–312.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed Ali U, Jens S, Busch ORC, et al. Antioxidants for pain in chronic pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014:CD008945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kataoka K, Sakagami J, Hirota M, et al. Effects of oral ingestion of the elemental diet in patients with painful chronic pancreatitis in the real-life setting in Japan. Pancreas. 2014;43(3):451–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar