References
- Sarin SK, Lahoti D, Saxena SP, et al. Prevalence, classification and natural history of gastric varices: a long-term follow-up study in 568 portal hypertension patients. Hepatology. 1992;16(6):1343–1349.
- Bosch J, Garcia-Pagan JC. Prevention of variceal rebleeding. Lancet. 2003;361(9361):952–954.
- Kim T, Shijo H, Kokawa H, et al. Risk factors for hemorrhage from gastric fundal varices. Hepatology. 1997;25(2):307–312.
- Aleem A, Shah H. Gastric varices. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls; 2022.
- Sarin SK, Mishra SR. Endoscopic therapy for gastric varices. Clin Liver Dis. 2010;14(2):263–279.
- Watanabe K, Kimura K, Matsutani S, et al. Portal hemodynamics in patients with gastric varices. A study in 230 patients with esophageal and/or gastric varices using portal vein catheterization. Gastroenterology. 1988;95(2):434–440.
- Henry Z, Patel K, Patton H, et al. AGA clinical practice update on management of bleeding gastric varices: expert review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19(6):1098–1107 e1.
- Garcia-Tsao G, Abraldes JG, Berzigotti A, et al. Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology. 2017;65(1):310–335.
- de Franchis R, Baveno VIF. Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno VI consensus workshop: stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2015;63(3):743–752.
- Korean Association for the Study of the L. KASL clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis: varices, hepatic encephalopathy, and related complications. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2020;26:83–127.
- Kim CY, Pinchot JW, Ahmed O, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria(R) Radiologic management of gastric varices. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020;17(5S):S239–S254.
- Koksal AS, Kayacetin E, Torun S, et al. Splenic infarction after N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection for gastric varices: why does it happen? Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2013;23(5):e191-3–e193.
- Mosli MH, Aljudaibi B, Almadi M, et al. The safety and efficacy of gastric fundal variceal obliteration using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate; the experience of a single Canadian tertiary care Centre. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(4):152–159.
- Marion-Audibert AM, Schoeffler M, Wallet F, et al. Acute fatal pulmonary embolism during cyanoacrylate injection in gastric varices. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2008;32(11):926–930.
- Tan YM, Goh KL, Kamarulzaman A, et al. Multiple systemic embolisms with septicemia after gastric variceal obliteration with cyanoacrylate. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;55(2):276–278.
- Zhang M, Li P, Mou H, et al. Clip-assisted endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection for gastric varices with a gastrorenal shunt: a multicenter study. Endoscopy. 2019;51(10):936–940.
- Zeng XQ, Ma LL, Tseng YJ, et al. Endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection with or without lauromacrogol for gastric varices: a randomized pilot study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32(3):631–638.
- Philips CA, Ahamed R, Rajesh S, et al. Beyond the scope and the glue: update on evaluation and management of gastric varices. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020;20(1):361.
- Li H, Ye D, Li P, et al. Endoscopic clipping prior to GVO vs. GVO in IGV1 bleeding: a multicenter retrospective clinical trial. Endosc Int Open. 2019;7(11):E1365–E1370.
- Hong CH, Kim HJ, Park JH, et al. Treatment of patients with gastric variceal hemorrhage: endoscopic N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection versus balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;24(3):372–378.
- Stein DJ, Salinas C, Sabri S, et al. Balloon retrograde transvenous obliteration versus endoscopic cyanoacrylate in bleeding gastric varices: comparison of rebleeding and mortality with extended follow-up. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2019;30(2):187–194.
- Jun CH, Kim KR, Yoon JH, et al. Clinical outcomes of gastric variceal obliteration using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in patients with acute gastric variceal hemorrhage. Korean J Intern Med. 2014;29(4):437–444.
- Luo X, Xiang T, Wu J, et al. Endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection versus Balloon-Occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for prevention of gastric variceal bleeding: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology. 2021;74(4):2074–2084.
- Lv Y, Qi X, He C, et al. Covered TIPS versus endoscopic band ligation plus propranolol for the prevention of variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis: a randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2018;67(12):2156–2168.
- Holster IL, Tjwa ET, Moelker A, et al. Covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus endoscopic therapy + beta-blocker for prevention of variceal rebleeding. Hepatology. 2016;63(2):581–589.
- Bick BL, Al-Haddad M, Liangpunsakul S, et al. EUS-guided fine needle injection is superior to direct endoscopic injection of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate for the treatment of gastric variceal bleeding. Surg Endosc. 2019;33(6):1837–1845.
- Lôbo MRdA, Chaves DM, DE Moura DTH, et al. Safety and efficacy of EUS-guided coil plus cyanoacrylate versus conventional cyanoacrylate technique in the treatment of gastric varices: a randomized controlled trial. Arq Gastroenterol. 2019;56(1):99–105.
- Wu Q, Jiang H, Linghu E, et al. BRTO assisted endoscopic histoacryl injection in treating gastric varices with gastrorenal shunt. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2016;25(6):337–344.
- Romero-Castro R, Ellrichmann M, Ortiz-Moyano C, et al. EUS-guided coil versus cyanoacrylate therapy for the treatment of gastric varices: a multicenter study (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(5):711–721.
- Chiorean MV. Metal and glue: best treatment choice for gastric varices? Endoscopy. 2019;51(10):913–914.