71
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Articles

Small bowel intramural hematoma caused by warfarin: case report and literature review

, , , , ORCID Icon, & show all
Pages 763-769 | Received 31 Jan 2024, Accepted 27 Mar 2024, Published online: 10 Apr 2024

References

  • Anand SS. Oral anticoagulants in patients with coronary artery disease: an inexpensive and effective strategy. Thromb Res. 2003;109(4):159–161. doi: 10.1016/s0049-3848(03)00180-4.
  • Pantoni L. Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(7):689–701. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70104-6.
  • Hankey GJ. Anticoagulant therapy for patients with ischaemic stroke. Nat Rev Neurol. 2012;8(6):319–328. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2012.77.
  • Levine MN, Raskob G, Beyth RJ, et al. Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant treatment: the seventh ACCP conference on antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy. Chest. 2004;126(3 Suppl):287S–310S. doi: 10.1378/chest.126.3_suppl.287S.
  • Berman H, Mainella FS. Toxic results of anticoagulant therapy. New York State J Med. 1952;52(6):725–727.
  • Bettler S, Montani S, Bachmann F. [Incidence of intramural digestive system hematoma in anticoagulation. Epidemiologic study and clinical aspects of 59 cases observed in Switzerland (1970–1975)]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1983;113(17):630–636.
  • Deykin D. Warfarin therapy. 1. N Engl J Med. 1970;283(13):691–694. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197009242831307.
  • Monagle P, Cuello CA, Augustine C, et al. American society of hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of pediatric venous thromboembolism. Blood Adv. 2018;2(22):3292–3316. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024786.
  • Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 Suppl):e419S–e496S. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2301.
  • Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2016;149(2):315–352. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026.
  • Schein JR, White CM, Nelson WW, et al. Vitamin K antagonist use: evidence of the difficulty of achieving and maintaining target INR range and subsequent consequences. Thromb J. 2016;14(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12959-016-0088-y.
  • Chen B, Tian S, Ren X, et al. Spontaneous intramural hematoma of the small intestine secondary to warfarin therapy: a rare case series. Asian J Surg. 2022;45(10):2133–2135. doi: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.04.134.
  • Alizadeh Forutan M, Mojarad FA, Rahmani N. Case report: large ileal intramural hematoma presenting as an intestinal obstruction in a patient on warfarin with incidental breast cancer. F1000Res. 2018;7:724. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.14848.1.
  • Ho M-P, Tsai K-C, Cheung W-K, et al. Spontaneous intramural small bowel hematoma associated with warfarin nonadherence in an elderly patient. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(3):608–609. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02752.x.
  • Maimon N, Penner T, Demajo W. Warfarin-induced gastric bleeding and intestinal obstruction. Eur J Intern Med. 2006;17(3):211–212. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2005.09.024.
  • Eikelboom JW, Wallentin L, Connolly SJ, et al. Risk of bleeding with 2 doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin in older and younger patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation. 2011;123(21):2363–2372. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.004747.
  • Marco M, Guy AJ. Retroperitoneal haematoma and small bowel intramural haematoma caused by warfarin and miconazole interaction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998;27(6):485. doi: 10.1016/s0901-5027(98)80044-1.
  • Abbas MA, Collins JM, Olden KW. Spontaneous intramural small-bowel hematoma: imaging findings and outcome. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179(6):1389–1394. doi: 10.2214/ajr.179.6.1791389.
  • Sinert R, Scalea T. Retropharyngeal and bowel hematomas in an anticoagulated patient. Acad Emerg Med. 1994;1(1):67–72. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1994.tb02804.x.
  • Uzun MA, Koksal N, Gunerhan Y, et al. Intestinal obstruction due to spontaneous intramural hematoma of the small intestine during warfarin use: a report of two cases. Eur J Emerg Med. 2007;14(5):272–273. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e3282703633.
  • Zammit A, Marguerat DG, Caruana C. Anticoagulation-induced spontaneous intramural small bowel haematomas. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;2013(jun03 1):bcr2013008831–bcr2013008831. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2013-008831.
  • Pimenta JM, Saramet R, Pimenta de Castro J, et al. Overlooked complication of anticoagulant therapy: the intramural small bowel hematoma-a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017;39:305–308. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.08.054.
  • Limmer AM, Clement Z. Extensive small bowel intramural haematoma secondary to warfarin. J Surg Case Rep. 2017;2017(3):rjx044. doi: 10.1093/jscr/rjx044.
  • Chen Y-A, et al. Warfarin overdose associated inferior mesentery artery aneurysm rupture mimicking spontaneous bowel hematoma. Journal of Acute Medicine. 2018;8(4):186–189.
  • Khan K, Saeed S, Alothman S, et al. Warfarin induced mesenteric and intestinal hematoma requiring surgical resection to relieve small bowel obstruction: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;52:111–113. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.10.010.
  • Creasy H, Meleagros L. Excess anticoagulation as a cause of small-bowel obstruction: a report of two cases. J Surg Case Rep. 2015;2015(4):rjv041–rjv041. doi: 10.1093/jscr/rjv041.
  • Altikaya N, et al. Small bowel obstruction caused by intramural hematoma secondary to warfarin therapy: a report of two cases. The Turkish J Gastroenterol. 2011;22(2):199–202.
  • Pamukçu Günaydın G, Çiftçi Sivri HD, Sivri S, et al. Concurrent spontaneous sublingual and intramural small bowel hematoma due to warfarin use. Case Rep Emerg Med. 2015. 2015;2015:583869.
  • Cheng J, Vemula N, Gendler S. Small bowel obstruction caused by intramural hemorrhage secondary to anticoagulant therapy. Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica. 2008;71(3):342–344.
  • Chen H-L, Wu C-C, Lin AC-M. Small bowel intramural hematoma secondary to abdominal massage. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(4):758.e3-758–e4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2012.11.020.
  • Yıldırım F, et al. A rare complication with the concomitant use of warfarin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: hemoperitoneum and intramural small bowel hematoma. Iran J Med Sci. 2016;41(4):359–360.
  • Tan TSE, Cheong SCW, Tan TJ. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (201). Small bowel intramural haematoma induced by anticoagulation therapy with associated reactive ileus. Singapore Med J. 2019;60(11):566–573. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2019147.
  • Chen D-H, Soh K-S, Wang Y-T, et al. Warfarin-induced spontaneous intramural small bowel hematoma presenting as an acute abdomen: a case report. Medicine. 2022;101(35):e30335. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030319.
  • Lee H-G, Kim HJ. Warfarin-induced intramural haematoma of small bowel. ANZ J Surg. 2018;88(5):E462–E463. doi: 10.1111/ans.13415.
  • Yeo JH, Terez C, Shapiro M, et al. Warfarin poisoning and blunt abdominal trauma: a rare cause of small bowel obstruction. Cureus. 2021;13(2):e13603. doi: 10.7759/cureus.13603.
  • Muralikrishnan VP, Thomas DH, Haray PN. Warfarin-induced haemorrhagic infarction of the small bowel. Clin Lab Haematol. 1998;20(5):319–320. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2257.1998.00155.x.
  • Patil AS, Shriya S, Dhimole N, et al. Intramural jejunal hematoma causing intermittent bowel obstruction-a rare manifestation of warfarin toxicity. Surg J. 2022;8(4):e290–e292. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1755223.
  • Manu N, Martin L. Warfarin-induced small bowel obstruction. Clin Lab Haematol. 2005;27(5):350–352. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.2005.00722.x.
  • Rogano AA, et al. Spontaneous intramural hematoma of rectum in a patient on anticoagulant therapy: case report and review of literature. Annali Italiani Di Chirurgia. 2013;84(5):585–588.
  • Wang JC, Dai WQ, Cai HK. Spontaneous intramural hematoma of the alimentary canal. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(8):1696 e3–1696 e5.
  • Fernandes S, Goncalves AR, Correia LA. Spontaneous intramural hematoma of the colon. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2016;108(8):501–502.
  • Birla RP, et al. Spontaneous intramural jejunal haematoma: a case report. Cases J. 2008;1(1):389.
  • Lobo L, et al. Colon obstruction due to an anticoagulant induced intramural haematoma; a rare case report. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(4):739–741.
  • Koseoglu H, et al. Anticoagulant-induced intramural duodenal haematoma presenting with upper-gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2013;14(4):180–182.
  • Kwon K, Cheung DY, Seo Y, et al. Supportive management resolved a colonic intramural hematoma in an anticoagulant user. Intern Med. 2014;53(14):1505–1509. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.53.2358.
  • Hughes CE, Conn J, Sherman JO. Intramural hematoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Surg. 1977;133(3):276–279. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(77)90528-1.
  • Zhu Y, Wang C, Xu C, et al. Case report: spontaneous intramural hematoma of the Colon secondary to low molecular weight heparin therapy. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:598661. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.598661.
  • Spinelli G, et al. Ileus following spontaneous jejunum intramural hematoma: case report and review of the literature. Acta Clinica Croatica. 2012;51(3):435–439.
  • Levine M, Hirsh J. Hemorrhagic complications of long-term anticoagulant therapy for ischemic cerebral vascular disease. Stroke. 1986;17(1):111–116. doi: 10.1161/01.str.17.1.111.
  • Wells ML, Hansel SL, Bruining DH, et al. CT for evaluation of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Radiographics. 2018;38(4):1089–1107. doi: 10.1148/rg.2018170138.
  • Tseng C-Y, Fan J-S, Yang S-C, et al. Anticoagulant-induced intramural intestinal hemorrhage. Am J Emerg Med. 2010;28(8):937–940. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2009.08.002.
  • Killian ST, Heitzman EJ. Intramural hemorrhage of small intestine due to anticoagulants. JAMA. 1967;200(7):591–594. doi: 10.1001/jama.1967.03120200069009.
  • Elango K, Javaid A, Khetarpal BK, et al. The effects of warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants on systemic vascular calcification: a review. Cells. 2021;10(4):773. doi: 10.3390/cells10040773.
  • Polat C, Dervisoglu A, Guven H, et al. Anticoagulant-induced intramural intestinal hematoma. Am J Emerg Med. 2003;21(3):208–211. doi: 10.1016/s0735-6757(02)42258-9.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.