Comparison of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with and without liver cirrhosis

References

• D’Amico G, De Franchis R, Cooperative Study Group. Upper digestive bleeding in cirrhosis. Post-therapeutic outcome and prognostic indicators. Hepatology. 2003;38(3):599–612. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalasani N, Kahi C, Francois F, et al. Improved patient survival after acute variceal bleeding: a multicenter, cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(3):653–659. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07294.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardevol A, Ibañez-Sanz G, Profitos J, et al. Survival of patients with cirrhosis and acute peptic ulcer bleeding compared with variceal bleeding using current first-line therapies. Hepatology. 2018;67(4):1458–1471. doi: 10.1002/hep.29370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma S, Agarwal S, Saraya A, et al. Acute variceal bleeding portends poor outcomes in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure: a propensity score matched study from the APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC). Hepatol Int. 2022;16(5):1234–1243. doi: 10.1007/s12072-022-10372-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matei D, Crisan D, Procopet B, et al. Predictive factors of failure to control bleeding and 6-week mortality after variceal hemorrhage in liver cirrhosis – a tertiary referral center experience. Arch Med Sci. 2022;18(1):52–61. doi: 10.5114/aoms/97206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudler M, Rousseau G, Benosman H, et al. Peptic ulcer bleeding in patients with or without cirrhosis: different diseases but the same prognosis? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;36(2):166–172. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05140.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland-Bill L, Christiansen CF, Gammelager H, et al. Chronic liver disease and 90-day mortality in 21,359 patients following peptic ulcer bleeding – a Nationwide Cohort Study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41(6):564–572. doi: 10.1111/apt.13073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tandon P, Bishay K, Fisher S, et al. Comparison of clinical outcomes between variceal and non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding in ­patients with cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;33(10):1773–1779. doi: 10.1111/jgh.14147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holster IL, Kuipers EJ. Management of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: current policies and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(11):1202–1207. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i11.1202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hreinsson JP, Kalaitzakis E, Gudmundsson S, et al. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: incidence, etiology and outcomes in a population based setting. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013;48(4):439–447. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2012.763174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strate LL, Gralnek IM. ACG clinical guideline: management of ­patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(4):459–474. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hreinsson JP, Gumundsson S, Kalaitzakis E, et al. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding: incidence, etiology and outcomes in a population based setting. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;25(1):37–43. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32835948e3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo G-H, Yu H-C, Chan Y-C, et al. The effects of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on the recurrence of duodenal ulcers in patients with cirrhosis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62(3):350–356. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(05)01633-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pariente A, Nahon S. Peptic ulcer bleeding and liver cirrhosis—different diseases and different prognosis, too? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;37(3):368–369. doi: 10.1111/apt.12155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S-C, Hsu C-N, Liang C-M, et al. Risk of rebleeding and mortality in cirrhotic patients with peptic ulcer bleeding: a 12‐year nationwide cohort study. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0168918. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olafsson S, Rögnvaldsson S, Bergmann OM, et al. A nationwide population based prospective study of cirrhosis in Iceland. JHEP Rep. 2021;3(3):100282. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100282.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hreinsson JP, Palsdóttir S, Bjornsson ES. The association of drugs with severity and specific causes of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a prospective study. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016;50(5):408–413. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hreinsson JP, Bjarnason I, Bjornsson ES. The outcome and role of drugs in patients with unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015;50(12):1482–1489. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1057861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, et al. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373–383. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siringo S, Burroughs AK, Bolondi L, et al. Peptic ulcer and its course in cirrhosis: an endoscopic and clinical prospective study. J Hepatol. 1995;22(6):633–641. doi: 10.1016/0168-8278(95)80219-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirk AP, Dooley JS, Hunt RH. Peptic ulceration in patients with chronic liver disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1980;25(10):756–760. doi: 10.1007/BF01345294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svoboda P, Konecny M, Martinek A, et al. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis patients. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2012;156(3):266–270. doi: 10.5507/bp.2012.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-González JA, García-Compean D, Vázquez-Elizondo G, et al. Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clinical features, outcomes and predictors of in-hospital mortality. A prospective study. Ann Hepatol. 2011;10(3):287–295. doi: 10.1016/S1665-2681(19)31540-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchner GI, Beil W, Bleck JS, et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and occurrence of gastroduodenal lesions in patients with liver cirrhosis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2011;4(1):26–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Amico G, Montalbano L, Traina M, et al. Natural history of congestive gastropathy in cirrhosis. The Liver Study Group of V. Cervello Hospital. Gastroenterology. 1990;99(6):1558–1564. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(90)90458-d.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gostout CJ, Viggiano TR, Balm RK. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding from portal hypertensive gastropathy: prevalence and clinical features. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88(12):2030–2033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Primignani M, Carpinelli L, Preatoni P, et al. Natural history of portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. The New Italian Endoscopic Club for the study and treatment of esophageal varices (NIEC). Gastroenterology. 2000;119(1):181–187. doi: 10.1053/gast.2000.8555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merli M, Nicolini G, Angeloni S, et al. The natural history of portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis and mild portal hypertension. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(10):1959–1965. Oct doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40246.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payen JL, Calès P, Voigt JJ, et al. Severe portal hypertensive gastropathy and antral vascular ectasia are distinct entities in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1995;108(1):138–144. Jan doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90018-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalafateli M, Triantos CK, Nikolopoulou V, et al. Non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis: a review. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57(11):2743–2754. doi: 10.1007/s10620-012-2229-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gad YZ, Zeid AA. Portal hypertensive colopathy and haematochezia in cirrhotic patients: an endoscopic study. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2011;12(4):184–188. doi: 10.1016/j.ajg.2011.11.002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khalifa A, Rockey DC. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis-etiology and outcomes. Am J Med Sci. 2020;359(4):206–211. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.01.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bresci G, Parisi G, Capria A. Clinical relevance of colonic lesions in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. Endoscopy. 2006;38(8):830–835. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-944629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olafsson DG, Hreinsson JP, Björnsson ES. Incidence of diverticular bleeding: a population-based study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2019;54(2):205–209. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2019.1566494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo J-C, Leu H-B, Hou M-C, et al. Cirrhotic patients at increased risk of peptic ulcer bleeding: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;36(6):542–550. Sep doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05225.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar