8
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

A Prospective Study of Chlamydia pneumoniae Antibodies in Children Between 7 months and 8 years of Age

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 471-477 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

  • Karvonen M, Tuomilehto J, Pitkäniemi J, Saikku P The epidemic cycle of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in eastern Finland, 1972–1987. Epidemiol Infect 1993; 110: 349–60.
  • Grayston JT. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) infections in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: 675–84.
  • Aldous MB, Grayston JT, Wang SP, Foy HM. Seroepidemiology of Chlamydia pneumoniae TWAR infection in Seattle families, 1966–1979. J Infect Dis 1992; 166: 646–9.
  • Einarsson S, Sigurdsson HK, Magnusdottir SD, Erlendsdottir H, Briem H, Gudmundsson S. Age specific prevalence of antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae in Iceland. Scand J Infect Dis 1994; 26: 393–7.
  • Falck G, Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H. Prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in healthy children and in children with respiratory tract infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16: 549–54.
  • Heiskanen-Kosma T, Korppi M, Laurila A, Jokinen C, Kleemola M, Saikku P. Chlamydia pneumoniae is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia in school-aged children: serological results of a prospective, population-based study. Scand J Infect Dis 1999; 31: 255–9.
  • Heiskanen-Kosma T, Korppi M, Jokinen C, Kurki S, Heiskanen L, Juvonen H, et al. Etiology of childhood pneumonia: serologic results of a prospective, population-based study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998; 17: 986–91.
  • Kleemola M, Saikku P, Visakorpi R, Wang SP, Grayston JT. Epidemics of pneumonia caused by TWAR, a new Chlamydia organism, in military trainees in Finland. J Infect Dis 1988; 157: 230–6.
  • Saikku P. The epidemiology and significance of Chlamydia pneumoniae. J Infect 1992; 25(Suppl 1): 27–34.
  • Saikku P, Leinonen M, Tenkanen L, Linnanmäki E, Ekman MR, Manninen V, et al. Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 273–8.
  • Strachan DP, Carrington D, Mendall MA, Ballam L, Morris J, Butland BK, et al. Relation of Chlamydia pneumoniae serology to mortality and incidence of ischaemic heart disease over 13 years in the Caerphilly prospective heart disease study. Br Med J 1999; 318: 1035–9.
  • Saikku P, Leinonen M, Mattila K, Ekman MR, Nieminen MS, Mäkelä PH, et al. Serological evidence of an association of a novel Chlamydia, TWAR, with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1988; 2: 983–6.
  • Pesonen E. Coronary wall thickening in children. An analysis of the factors associated with the growth of arterial layers. Atherosclerosis 1974; 20: 173–87.
  • Lapinleimu H, Viikari J, Jokinen E, Salo P, Routi T, Leino A, et al. Prospective randomised trial in 1062 infants of diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol. Lancet 1995; 345: 471–6.
  • Zeger SL, Liang KY. Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics 1986; 42: 121–30.
  • Normann E, Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H, Wettergren B. Chlamydia pneumoniae in children attending day-care centers in Gavle, Sweden. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998; 17: 474–8.
  • Normann E, Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H, Wettergren B. Chlamydia pneumoniae in children with acute respiratory tract infections. Acta Paediatr 1998; 87: 23–7.
  • Saikku P, Ruutu P, Leinonen M, Panelius J, Tupasi TE, Grayston JT. Acute lower-respiratory-tract infection associated with chlamydial TWAR antibody in Filipino children. J Infect Dis 1988; 158: 1095–7.
  • Wang SP, Grayston JT. Microimmunofluorescence serological studies with the TWAR organism. In: Oriel JD, Ridgway G, Schachter J, Taylor-Robinson D, Ward M, eds. Chlamydialinfections. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1986. p. 329–32.
  • Matthews RS, Mohite A, Addy DP, Wise R. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) in neonates. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991; 10: 956–7.
  • Block S, Hedrick J, Hammerschlag MR, Cassell GH, Craft JC. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: comparative efficacy and safety of clarithromycin vs. erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14: 471–7.
  • Emre U, Roblin PM, Gelling M, Dumornay W, Rao M, Hammerschlag MR, et al. The association of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and reactive airway disease in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994; 148: 727–32.
  • Harris JA, Kolokathis A, Campbell M, Cassell GH, Hammerschlag MR. Safety and efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998; 17: 865–71.
  • Linnanmäki E, Leinonen M, Mattila K, Nieminen MS, Valtonen V, Saikku P Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific circulating immune complexes in patients with chronic coronary heart disease. Circulation 1993; 87: 1130–4.
  • Gaydos CA, Roblin PM, Hammerschlag MR, Hyman CL, Eiden JJ, Schachter J, et al. Diagnostic utility of PCR-enzyme immunoassay, culture, and serology for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 903–5.
  • Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H, Sundelöf B. Endemic prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in subjectively healthy persons. Scand J Infect Dis 1991; 23: 387–8.
  • Bauwens JE, Gibbons MS, Hubbard MM, Stamm WE. Chlamydia pneumoniae (strain TWAR) isolated from two symptom-free children during evaluation for possible sexual assault. J Pediatr 1991; 119: 591–3.
  • Hyman CL, Roblin PM, Gaydos CA, Quinn TC, Schachter J, Hammerschlag MR. Prevalence of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage of Chlamydia pneumoniae in subjectively healthy adults: assessment by polymerase chain reaction–enzyme immunoassay and culture. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20: 1174–8.
  • Dowell SF, Peeling RW, Boman J, Carlone GM, Fields BS, Guarner J, et al. Standardizing Chlamydia pneumoniae assays: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) and the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control (Canada). Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 492–503.
  • Verkooyen RP, Willemse D, Hiep-van Casteren SC, Joulandan SA, Snijder RJ, van den Bosch JM, et al. Evaluation of PCR, culture, and serology for diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory infections. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 2301–7.
  • Gnarpe J, Nääs J, Lundback A. Comparison of a new commercial EIA kit and the microimmunofluorescence technique for the determination of IgG and IgA antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae. APMIS 2000; 108: 819–24.
  • Tuuminen T, Varjo S, Ingman H, Weber T, Oksi J, Viljanen M. Prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae immunoglobulin G and A antibodies in a healthy Finnish population as analyzed by quantitative enzyme immunoassays. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2000; 7: 734–8.
  • Messmer TO, Martinez J, Hassouna F, Zell ER, Harris W, Dowell S, et al. Comparison of two commercial microimmunofluorescence kits and an enzyme immunoassay kit for detection of serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2001; 8: 588–92.
  • Persson K, Boman J. Comparison of five serologic tests for diagnosis of acute infections by Chlamydia pneumoniae. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2000; 7: 739–44.
  • Grayston JT, Campbell LA, Kuo CC, Mordhorst CH, Saikku P, Thom DH, et al. A new respiratory tract pathogen: Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR. J Infect Dis 1990; 161: 618–25.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.