References
- Dublin L, Amelar RD. Etiological factors in 1294 consecutive cases of male infertility. Fertil Steril 1971; 22: 469–74
- Greenberg SH, Lipshultz LI, Wein AJ. Experience with 425 subfertile male patients. J Urol 1978; 119: 507–10
- Gorelick J, Goldstein M. Loss of fertility in men with varicocele. Fertil Steril 1993; 59: 613–6
- Witt MA, Lipshultz LI. Varicocele: a progressive or static lesion?. Urology 1993; 42: 541–3
- Madgar I, Weissenberg R, Lunenfeld B, Karasik A, Goldswasser B. Controlled trial of high spermatic vein ligation for varicocele in infertile men. Fertil Steril 1995; 63: 120–4
- Marmar JL, Kim Y. Subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy. A technical critique and statistical analysis of semen and pregnancy data. J Urol 1994; 152: 1127–32
- Kaye K. Modified high varicocelectomy. Outpatient microsurgical procedure. Urology 1988; 32: 13–6
- White RI, Jr, Kaufman SL, Barth KH, Kadir S, Smyth JW, Walsh PC. Occlusion of varicoceles with detachable balloons. Radiology 1981; 139: 327–34
- Formanek A, Runak B, Zollikofer C, Castaneda-Zuniga WR, Narayan P, Gonzalez R, et al. Embolization of the spermatic vein for treatment of infertility: a new approach. Radiology 1981; 139: 315–21
- Donovan JF, Winfield HN. Laparoscopic varix ligation. J Urol 1992; 147: 77
- Aaberg RA, Vancaillie TG, Schuessler WW. Laparoscopic varicocele ligation: a new technique. Fertil Steril 1991; 56: 776–7
- Nilsson S, Edrinsson A, Nilsson B. Improvement of semen and pregnancy rates following ligation and division of the internal spermatic vein: fact or fiction?. Br J Urol 1979; 51: 591
- Vermulen A, Vanderweghe M. Improved fertility after varicocele correction. Fact or fiction?. Fertil Steril 1984; 42: 249
- Baker HW, Burger HG, De Kretser DM, Hudson B, Rennie GC, Straffon WG. Testicular vein ligation and fertility in men with varicoceles. Br Med J 1985; 291: 1678–80
- Coolaset B. The varicocele syndrome. Venography determining the optimal level for surgical management. J Urol 1980; 124: 833
- Mali WP, Oei HY, Arndt JW, Kremer J, Coolsaet BL, Schuur K. Hemodynamics of the varicocele. Part I. Correlation among the clinical, phlebographic and scintigraphic findings. J Urol 1986; 135: 483–8
- Mali WP, Oei HY, Arndt JW, Kremer J, Coolsaet BL, Schuur K. Hemodynamics of the varicocele. Part II. Correlation among the results of renocaval pressure measurements, varicocele scintigraphy and phlebography. J Urol 1986; 135: 489–93
- Verstoppen GR, Steeno OP. Varicocele and the pathogenesis of the associated subfertility a review of the various theories. II: Results of surgery. Andrologia 1977; 9: 293–305
- WHO. Laboratory manual for examination of human semen and semen and cervical mucous interaction3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, New York 1993
- Palomo A. Radical cure of varicocele by a new technique; preliminary report. J Urol 1949; 61: 604
- Tanji N, Tanji K, Hiruma S, Hashimoto S, Yokoyama M. Histochemical study of human cremaster in varicocele patients. Arch Androl 2000; 45: 197–202
- Shafik A, Khalil AM, Saleh M. The fasciomuscular tube of the spermatic cord. A study of its surgical anatomy and relation to varicocele. A new concept for the pathogenesis of varicocele. Br J Urol 1972; 44: 147–51
- Szabo R, Kessler R. Hydrocele following internal spermatic vein ligation, a retrospective study and review of literature. J Urol 1984; 132: 924
- Capelouto CC, Kavoussi LR. Complications of laparoscopic surgery. Urology 1993; 42: 2
- Sayfan J, Soffer Y, Orda R. Varicocele treatment; prospective randomised trial of 3 methods. J Urol 1992; 148: 1447
- Schoor RA, Elhanbly SM, Niederberger C. The pathophysiology of varicocele-associated male infertility. Curr Urol Rep 2001; 2: 432–6
- Barbalias GA, Liatsikos EN, Nikiforidis G, Siablis D. Treatment of varicocele for male infertility; a comparative study evaluating currently used approaches. Eur Urol 1998; 34: 393–8