The Strengths of Muslim American Couples in the Face of Religious Discrimination Following September 11 and the Iraq War

REFERENCES

• Abudabbah , N. 2005 . “ Arab American families: Assessment and treatment ” . In Multicultural perspectives in working with families , 2nd , Edited by: Congress , E. P. and Gonzalez , M. J. 228 – 241 . New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Altares , B. Y. 1996 . Islamic spirituality in America: A middle path to unity . Counseling and Values , 41 ( 1 ) : 29 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 2000 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , Washington, DC : Author . text revision)
   Google Scholar
• Anastas , J. W. 1999 . Research design for social work and the human services , 2nd ed. , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ba-Yunus , I. and Kone , K. 2004 . “ Muslim Americans: A demographic report ” . In Muslims' place in the American public square , Edited by: Bukhari , Z. H. , Nyang , S. S. , Ahmad , M. and Esposito , J. L. 299 – 322 . Lanham, MD : Altamira Press . InEds.pp.
   Google Scholar
• Ba-Yunus , I. and Kone , K. 2006 . Muslims in the United States , Westport, CT : Greenwood Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bryant-Davis , T. 2007 . Healing requires recognition: The case for race-based traumatic stress . Counseling Psychologist , 35 ( 1 ) : 135 – 143 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bukhari , A. H. 2003 . “ Demography, identity, space: Defining American Muslims ” . In Muslims in the United States: Demography, beliefs, institutions , Edited by: Strum , P. and Tarantolo , D. 7 – 20 . Washington, DC : Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars . InEds.pp.
   Google Scholar
• Carter , R. T. 2007 . Racism and psychological and emotional injury: Recognizing and assessing race-based traumatic stress . Counseling Psychologist , 35 ( 1 ) : 13 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Congress , E. P. and Gonzalez , M. J. 2005 . Multicultural perspectives in working with families , 2nd ed. , New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Dollahite , D. C. and Lambert , N. M. 2007 . Forsaking all others: How religious involvement promotes marital fidelity in Christian, Jewish, and Muslim couples . Review of Religious Research , 48 ( 3 ) : 290 – 307 .
   Google Scholar
• Dwairy , M. A. 2006 . Counseling and psychotherapy with Arabs and Muslims: A culturally sensitive approach , New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ernst , C. W. 2003 . Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the contemporary world , Chapel Hill, NC : University of North Carolina Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , M. and Dollahite , D. 2006 . How religious couples perceive the influence of God in their marriage . Review of Religious Research , 48 ( 2 ) : 141 – 155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gushue , G. V. , Greenan , D. E. and Brazaitis , S. J. 2005 . “ Using the multicultural guidelines in couples and family counseling ” . In Strategies for building multicultural competence in mental health and educational settings , Edited by: Constantine , M. G. and Sue , D. W. 56 – 72 . Hoboken, NJ : Wiley . InEds.pp.
   Google Scholar
• Haddad , Y. Y. and Esposito , J. L. 2000 . Muslims on the Americanization path? , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hasan , A. G. 2002 . American Muslims: The new generation , 2nd ed. , New York : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Herman , J. L. 1992 . Trauma and recovery , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Kobeisy , A. N. 2004 . Counseling American Muslims: Understanding the faith and helping the people , Westport, CT : Praeger/Greenwood .
   Google Scholar
• McCloud , A. B. 2004 . “ Conceptual discourse: Living as a Muslim in a pluralistic society ” . In Muslims' place in the American public square , Edited by: Bukhari , Z. H. , Nyang , S. S. , Ahmad , M. and Esposito , J. L. 73 – 83 . Lanham, MD : Altamira Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nacos , B. L. and Torres-Reyna , O. 2007 . “ Fueling our fears: Stereotyping, media coverage, and public opinion of Muslim Americans ” . Lanham, MD : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Nelson , B. S. , Wangsgaard , S. , Yorgason , J. , Kessler , M. H. and Carter-Vassol , E. 2002 . Single- and dual-trauma couples: Clinical observations of relational characteristics and dynamics . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 72 ( 1 ) : 58 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negy , C. and Ferguson , C. J. 2004 . “ Religious bigotry: The neglected ‘ism' in multicultural psychology and therapy ” . In Cross-cultural psychotherapy: Toward a critical understanding of diverse client , Edited by: Negy , C. 61 – 84 . Reno, NV : Bent Tree Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nimer , M. 2004 . “ Muslims in the American body politic ” . In Muslims' place in the American public square , Edited by: Bukhari , Z. H. , Nyang , S. S. , Ahmad , M. and Esposito , J. L. 145 – 164 . Lanham, MD : Altamira Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. (2002, March). Americans struggle with religion's role at home and abroad http://people-press.org/reports/print.php3?ReportID=150 (http://people-press.org/reports/print.php3?ReportID=150) (Accessed: 3 January 2008 ).
   Google Scholar
• Roysircar , G. 2003 . Religious differences: Psychological and sociopolitical aspects of counseling . International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling , 25 ( 4 ) : 255 – 267 .
   Google Scholar
• Runnymede Trust . 1997 . Islamophobia: A challenge for us all , London : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Saeed , A. 2003 . “ Muslim-American politics: Developments, debates and directions ” . In Muslims in the United States: Demography, beliefs, institutions , Edited by: Strum , P. and Tarantolo , D. 39 – 44 . Washington, DC : Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars . InEds.pp.
   Google Scholar
• Said , E. 1981 . Covering Islam , New York : Pantheon Books .
   Google Scholar
• Scaer , R. C. 2005 . The trauma spectrum: Hidden wounds and human resiliency , New York : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Schwerdtfeger , K. L. , Osby-Williams , J. , Hoheisel , C. B. , Nue , B. , Goff , B. S. Reisbig , A. 2008 . Individual symptoms and coping resources reported by trauma survivors and their partners: A qualitative research study with clinical couples . Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy , 7 ( 3 ) : 187 – 209 .
   Google Scholar
• Sheridan , L. P. 2006 . Islamophobia pre- and post-September 11th, 2001 . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 21 ( 3 ) : 317 – 336 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , J. L. 2007 . “ Islam and the family in North America ” . In American religions and the family: How faith traditions cope with modernization and democracy , Edited by: Browning , D. S. and Clairmont , D. A. 211 – 226 . New York : Columbia University Press . InEds.pp.
   Google Scholar
• Strauss , A. and Corbin , J. 1998 . Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Valiante , W. C. 2003 . Family therapy and Muslim families: A solution focused approach , 9 – 14 . Terni, , Italy : Presented at the Mediterranean Congress in association with World Psychiatric Association, the Italian Institute for Transcultural Mental Health, the World Islamic Association for Mental Health (WIAMH), the Italian Society of Transcultural Psychiatry, Eastern Mediterranean Council for Mental Health in Narni June .
   Google Scholar
• Weller , P. 2004 . “ The dimensions and dynamics of religious discrimination ” . In The challenge of religious discrimination at the dawn of the new millennium , Edited by: Ghanea , N. 57 – 82 . Boston, MA : Martinus Nijhoff .
   Google Scholar