Hunting behaviour of predatory wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae): is the distribution of stinging effort phylogenetically inherited or dependent on the prey type?

REFERENCES

• Begum , A. , Howlader , M. A. and Bose , S. K. 1991 . Ethological observations on some solitary wasps (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae) in Dhaka, Bangladesh . Bangladesh Journal of Zoology , 19 : 129 – 136 .
   Google Scholar
• Bonelli , B. 1988 . Note sul comportamento di predazione e di nidificazione di Symmorphus crassicornis (Panzer) e Ancistrocerus antilope (Panzer). Descrizione di un nido di Delta unguiculatum Vill. (Hym Eumenidae) . Bollettino di Entomologia «Guido Grandi» dell’Università di Bologna , 43 : 89 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Brothers , D. J. 1999 . Phylogeny and evolution of wasps, ants and bees (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Vespoidea and Apoidea) . Zoologica Scripta , 28 : 233 – 249 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budriene , A. 2003 . Prey of Symmorphus wasps (Hymenoptera: Eumeninae) in Lithuania . Acta Zoologica Lituanica , 13 : 306 – 310 .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter , J. M. 1982 . The phylogenetic relationships and natural classification of the Vespoidea (Hymenoptera) . Systematic Entomology , 7 : 11 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter , J. M. and Wheeler , W.C . 1999 . Towards simultaneous analysis of molecular and morphological data in Hymenoptera . Zoologica Scripta , 28 : 251 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowan , D. P. 1991 . “ The solitary and presocial Vespidae ” . In The Social Biology of Wasps , Edited by: Ross , K. G. and Matthews , R. W. 33 – 73 . Ithaca, NY , , USA : Cornell university Press . In:
   Google Scholar
• Cumming , J. M. 1989 . Classification and evolution of the eumenine wasp genus Symmorphus Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) . Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , 148 : 1 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , H. E. 1966 . The behaviour patterns of solitary wasps . Annual Review of Entomology , 11 : 123 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabre , J. H. 1879–1910 . Souvenirs Entomologiques , Vol. 1–10 , Paris : Delagrave .
   Google Scholar
• Fye , R. E. 1965 . The biology of the Vespidae, Pompilidae, and Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) from trap-nests in Northwestern Ontario . The Canadian Entomologist , 97 : 716 – 744 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gathmann , A. and Tscharntke , T. 1999 . Landschafts–Bewertung mit Bienen und Wespen in Nisthilfen: Artenspektrum, Interaktionen und Bestimmungsschlüssel . Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Baden – Württemberg , 73 : 277 – 305 .
   Google Scholar
• Hamanishi , Y. 1996 . Cleptoparasitic life of the tachinid fly, Symmorphomyia katayamai Mesnil et Shima, in the nest of host wasps hunting the chrysomelid-larva prey . Japanese Journal of Entomology , 64 : 843 – 860 .
   Google Scholar
• Itino , T. 1992 . Differential diet breadths and species coexistence in leafrol–ler–hunting eumenid wasps . Researches on Population Ecology , 34 : 203211
   Google Scholar
• Krombein , K. V. 1964 . Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No 87 Biological Notes on some Floridian wasps (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) . American Museum Novitates , 2201 : 1 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Lakin , G. F. 1990 . Biometry , 352 Moscow : Vysshaya shkola . (in Russian)
   Google Scholar
• Malyshev , S. I. 1966 . Genesis of the Hymenoptera and the phases of their evolution , 330 Moscow–Leningrad : Nauka . (in Russian)
   Google Scholar
• McCallan , E. 1993 . Nesting behaviour of Paralastor debilitatus Perkins (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) preying on weevil larvae in Australia . The Entomologist , 112 : 95 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Schmid-Egger , C. 1994 . “ Bestimmungsschlüssel für die deutschen Arten der solitären Faltenwespen (Hymenoptera: Eumeninae) ” . In Bestimmungsschlüssel für die Faltenwespen (Hymenoptera: Masarinae, Polistinae, Vespinae) der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Edited by: Mauss , V. and Treiber , R. 54 – 90 . In: Schmid–Egger, C. Bestimmungsschlüssel für die deutschen Arten der solitären Faltenwespen (Hymenoptera: Eumeninae), Hamburg: Deutscher Jundbund für Naturbeobachtung
   Google Scholar
• Searsa , L. W. , Smiley , J.T. , Hilker , M. , Müller , F. and Rank , N. E. 2001 . Nesting behaviour and prey use in two geographically separated populations of the specialist wasp Symmorphus cristatus (Vespidae: Eumeninae) . The American Midland Naturalist , 145 : 233 – 246 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner , A. L. 1983 . Predatory behaviour of solitary wasps V. Stinging of caterpillars by Euodynerus foraminatus (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae) . Biology of Behaviour , 8 : 11 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Steiner , A. L. 1986 . “ Stinging behaviour of solitary wasps ” . In Venoms of the Hymenoptera. Biochemical, pharmacological and behavioural aspects , Edited by: Piek , T. 63 – 148 . London : Academic Press . In:
   Google Scholar
• Tobias , V. I. and Kurzenko , N. V. 1978 . “ Eumenidae ” . In Keys to the Identification of insects of European , Edited by: Medvedev , G. S. Vol. 3 , 152 – 173 . Leningrad : Nauka . In:, USSR, part 1, (in Russian)
   Google Scholar
• Truc , C. and Gervet , J. 1984 . Influence de l’état de la proie offerte en début de cycle sur l’évocation de la phase de paralysation chez l’Ammophile Podalonia hirsuta Scopoli (guêpe solitaire prédatrice de chenilles de Noctuidæ) . Biology of Behaviour , 9 : 35 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Veenendaal , R. L. and Piek , T. 1988 . Predatory behaviour of Discoelius zonalis (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae) . EntomologischeBerichten , 48 : 8 – 12 . (Amsterdam)
   Google Scholar