Zirconia-Modified Superacid UDCaT-5: An Efficient and Versatile Catalyst for Alkylation Reactions under Solvent-Free Conditions

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• A typical procedure used for alkylation of phenol with alcohol was as follows: experiments were carried out in a 100-cm3 stainless-steel Parr autoclave. A four-bladed pitched turbine impeller was used for agitation. The temperature was maintained at ±1 °C of the desired value. Known quantities of reactants and catalyst were charged into the autoclave, the temperature was raised to the desired value, and agitation started. The reaction was carried out without using any solvent. The total volume of liquid phase was 40 cm3. The reaction was monitored using GC analysis. The samples were analyzed on a Chemito Model 8510 GC equipped with a 10% OV-101 column (3.175 mm dia × 4 m length). The reaction products were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), their physical constants, and comparisons with authentic samples .
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