Giving meaning to literacy: Intergenerational beliefs about access

References

• Anderson , J. D. 1988 . The education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935 , Chapel Hill, NC : University of North Carolina .
   Google Scholar
• Blassingame , J. 1972 . The slave community , New York : Oxford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bloome , D. and Green , J. 1982 . The social contexts of reading of urban, Black junior high school youth in home, school and community settings , Final report to the National Institute of Education Washington, DC : U. S. Department of Education .
   Google Scholar
• Cressy , D. 1987 . Coming over: Migration and communication between England and New England in the 17th century , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dropkin , R. and Tobier , A. 1976 . Roots of open education in America: Reminiscences and reflections , New York : Workshop Center for Open Education .
   Google Scholar
• Deutsch , M. 1967 . The disadvantaged child , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• DuBois , W. E. B. 1903 . The souls of Black folk , Greenwich, CT : Fawcett Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , P. A. “ Connecting African‐American parents and youth to the school's reading curriculum ” . In Literacy among African‐American youth: Issues in learning, teaching, and schooling , Edited by: Gadsden , V. L. and Wagner , D. A. Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press . (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Fine , M. “ Literacy and silencing ” . In Literacy among African‐American youth. Issues in learning, teaching, and schooling , Edited by: Gadsden , V.L. and Wagner , D.A. Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press . (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Fingeret , H. A. Literacy in the USA: The present issues . Paper presented at the UNESCO Institute of Education Conference, The Future of Literacy and the Literacy of the Future . Hamburg, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Foster , M. 1991 . Constancy, connectedness, and constraints in the lives of African‐American teachers . National Women's Studies Journal , 3 : 233 – 261 .
   Google Scholar
• Franklin , J. H. 1961 . Reconstruction after the Civil War , Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Frazier , E. F. 1939 . The Negro family in the United States , Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Freire , P. 1985 . The politics of education , South Hadley, MA : Bergin & Garvey .
   Google Scholar
• Gadsden , V. L. 1990 . Minority access to literacy: An American case study . Psychology and Developing Societies , 2 : 17 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Giroux , H.A. 1987 . “ Introduction: Literacy and the pedagogy of political empowerment ” . In Literacy: Reading the word and the world , Edited by: Freire , P. and Macedo , D. 1 – 27 . South Hadley, MA : Bergin & Garvey .
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , K.S. 1989 . Access to literacy: Basals and other barriers . Theory Into Practice , 28 : 300 – 312 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , K.S. and Buck , C. 1973 . Dialect barriers to reading comprehension revisited . The Reading Teacher , 27 : 6 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , V. J. 1990 . African‐American children's literature: The first 100 years . Journal of Negro Education , 59 : 539 – 555 .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , V. J. “ Using African‐American literature in the classroom ” . In Literacy among African‐American youth: Issues in learning, teaching, and schooling , Edited by: Gadsden , V. L. and Wagner , D. A. Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press . (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Heath , S.B. 1983 . Ways with words , Cambridge, , U.K. : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Holt , T. 1990 . “Knowledge is power”: The Black struggle for literacy ” . In The right to literacy , Edited by: Lunsford , A.A. , Moglan , H. and Slevin , J. 91 – 102 . New York : Modern Language Association .
   Google Scholar
• Labov , W.A. Linguistic research on nonstandard English of Negro children . Paper presented to the New York Society for the Experimental Study of Education . New York. April .
   Google Scholar
• Langer , J.A. 1987 . “ A sociocognitive perspective on literacy ” . In Language, literacy, and culture: Issues of society and schooling , Edited by: Langer , J.A. 1 – 20 . Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Ogbu , J.U. 1987 . Variability in minority school performance: A problem in search of an explanation . Anthropology and Education , 18 : 312 – 334 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paris , S.G. and Wixson , K.K. 1987 . “ The development of literacy: Access, acquisition, and instruction ” . In Literacy and schooling , Edited by: Bloome , D. 35 – 54 . Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Shannon , P. 1990 . The struggle to continue , Portsmouth, NH : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Strickland , D. S. “ (in press). Educating low‐income black children ” . In Literacy among African‐American youth: Issues in learning, teaching, and schooling , Edited by: Gadsden , V.L. and Wagner , D.A. Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , D. and Dorsey‐Gaines , C. 1988 . Growing up literate: Learning from inner city families , Portsmouth, NH : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar