- Prae-Italic Dialects, II, 457.
- One of the more extreme examples is Pisani's tracing of the isogloss that involves the merger of “bh and *b (in «Studi sulla preistoria delle lingue indeuropee» Atti della B. accademia nazionale dei Lincei, 1931, Serie VI, Memorie della classe di scienze morali storiche e filologiche, Vol. IV, 545–653): « Cosicché quest' onda partita da territorio celto-germanico, e diffusasi verso oriente a Baltoslavi, Traci, Miri, Balcanici, Veneti, Oscoumbri, verso occidente a Liguri e Latini, si e riunita al confine latino-oscoumbro salvo poi a venire in tutto o in parte ricoperta dal nuovo passaggio di Spiranti sonore in sorde partito da territorio oscoumbro e diffusosi al latino (al falisco anche nell' interno di parola) e al veneto. »
- It should be pointed out that Altheim's reading must be accepted only with reservations. Emil Vetter, whose opinion is not to be disregarded, reads a where Altheim reads ú («Italische Sprachen » Gioita XXX (1943), 67); Pisani (Le lingue antiche dell' Italia oltre il latino (Turin, 1953), p. 312) says of Altheim's tenth inscription: « That which I have enclosed between brackets [the entire inscription] is what Altheim believes he can decipher from some letters in the Latin alphabet that are barely visible ».
- Many earlier investigators, especially J. F. Royster, Modern Philology 12.449–456 (1914–15), and Samuel Moore, Mod. Lang. Notes 33.385–394 (1918), operating without the benefit of exact statistical comparisons, had placed the origin of periphrastic do in the East Midlands. But as Ellegàrd shows, « periphrastic do was not introduced in East Midland texts in any numbers until unambiguously causative do had virtually disappeared » (p. 70).
- The only other comparable structural description of the phenomenon is found in J. Cantineau, « Analyse phonologique du parler arabe d'el-Hâmma de Gabès, » BSLP 47. 68–72 (1951).
- For a recent study of Arabic stress, see H. Birkeland, Stress patterns in Arabic, Oslo, 1954.
- For this system of five long vowels and three short vowels, which occurs also in other dialects and languages (e.g. Cairo Arabic, Early Modern Persian), a total of eight solutions have been considered by the reviewer and his former associates at the Foreign Service Institute, and the final preference has been for the most conservative interpretation: eight distinct vowel phonemes of two types, although for pedagogical purposes the long vowels are considered as geminates.
- Cf. J. Cantineau, « Esquisse d'une phonologie de l'arabe classique, » BSLP 43.126, 126 (1947).
- For a selective bibliography of this field see now C. A. Ferguson, « Syrian Arabic studies, » Middle East Journal 9.187–194 (1955).
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