- Roman Jakobson and Morris Halle, Fundamentals of Language (The Hague: Mouton, 1956), p. 56.
- Cf. Robert Hemmer and Herbert Pilch, ‘Phonematische Aphasie,’ Phonetica, XXII (1972), 231–239.
- Cf. chap. 2 of my book Empirical Linguistics (Bern and Munich: Francke, 1976). For this reason, Professor Dressler's attempt to prove the generative analysis of the German consonant /ŋ/ as a deep structure /ng/ appears to me fundamentally pointless. Cf. his “Aphasie und Theorie der Phonologie,” Incontri linguistici, 1 (1974), 9–20.
- The problem has been lucidly formulated by E. N. Vinarskaja, Kliničeskije problemy afaziji (Moscow: Medicina, 1971), pp. 191–198.
- Cf. my report “La théorie de la phonologie” (Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, The Hague, 1972), p. 165.
- Cf. p. 219 below.
- Vinarskaja, p. 74 f.
- One Welsh patient neutralized the voice correlation medially. This was probably not aphasic, however, but dialectal in Glamorganshire.
- Cf. Herbert Pilch, Phonemtheorie, 3rd ed. (Basel: Karger, 1974), p. 154.
- Cf. p. 208 above.
- Cf. H. Lüdtke, ‘Die Alphabetschrift und das Problem der Lautsegmentierung,’ Phonetica, XX (1969), 147–176.
- Cf. my article “Advanced Welsh Phonemics,” Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie, XXXIV (1975), 60–102.
- A critical survey is available of the polyglot aphasiac cases which have been reported on in print: Ignac Val'd, “Problema afaziji poliglottov,” Voprosy kliniki i patofiziologiji afaziji, ed. E. V. Šmidt and R. A. Tkačev (Moscow: 1961), pp. 140–176.
- The Canadian patient referred to was one of mine.
- The distinction is elaborated on in my article “La langue et la compréhension,” La Linguistique, X (1974), 79–90, esp. p. 83.
- This connection has been elaborated on by the leading Soviet specialist A. R. Luria, Nejropsichologija pamjati, I (Moscow: Pedagogika, 1974), 90–145.
- Richard Aaron, Knowing and the Function of Reason (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971), pp. 120–122.
- This set of symptoms distinguishes textual aphasia from both paradigmatic aphasia and jargon aphasia even at the former's most severe stage. The jargon aphasiac usually has full voice quality and melodious intonation patterns. The paradigmatic aphasiac conserves his normal suprasegmentals (including speech tempo and voice quality).
- This is reversed in paradigmatic aphasia, where the patients read and write better than they understand and speak. In a severe stage, one of our bilinguals recognized written (not spoken) words and copied them, even though he could not write them to dictation.
- See p. 207 f. above.
- This distinction goes back to Henry Head. It is being groped for by the textual linguists today. See my “La langue et la compréhension” (n. 14 above), nn. 9 and 18. See also § 8.2 below.
- See § 8.3 below.
- I am profoundly obliged to Miss Eirian Jones of Cardiff University Hospital and to Miss Vickie Boby of New Charing Cross Hospital (London) for introducing me to their patients and for allowing me to use their facilities.
- This is one of six aphasic syndromes of Professor Luria's classification. Cf. Vysšije korkovyje funkciji čeloveka (Moscow: University Press, 1962).
- See § 3.
- The other patient with dominant Welsh sometimes confused them. He was probably in a severer stage of aphasia.
- Cf. § 7.2 below. The mutation rules of Colloquial Welsh are stated in “Advanced Welsh Phonemics” (see n. 12 above), p. 97.
- Cf. § 7.3 below.
- I believe that testing aphasiacs is of very limited diagnostic value for linguistic purposes. Cf. A Möβner und Herbert Pilch, “Phonematisch-syntaktische Aphasie,” Folia Linguistica, V (1973), 394–409, esp. p. 396.
- Cf. “Advanced Welsh Phonemics” (see n. 12 above), pp. 66–84.
- Cf. p. 216 above.
- Cf. § 1 above.
- This is the general usage of Colloquial Welsh. Cf. my article “The Syntactic Study of Colloquial Welsh,” Studia Celtica, VI (1971), 146 f.
- Cf. § 8.2 below.
- Cf. p. 213 above.
- Cf. n. 20 above.
- Cf. p. 218 above.
- See p. 219 above.
- See p. 213 above.
- A recent meeting of the German Society for the Study of Aphasia (held in Nov., 1975, in Vienna) was entirely devoted to paraphasia. Nobody (other than myself) ever suggested that this might be less than appropriate for all types of phonological trouble, but the discussion was entirely concerned with the classificatory details.
- “Er gafael gref ar gyfoeth Rhaid lliw dysg er twyllo doeth.”
WORD
Volume 28, 1977 - Issue 1-2: Celtic Linguistics--1976