Effect of feeding fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake on the performance of broiler chickens: a review

References

• Abdollahi, M. R., B. Hosking, and V. Ravindran. 2015. “Nutrient Analysis, Metabolisable Energy and Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Palm Kernel Meal for Broilers.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 206: 119–125. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.05.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aftab, U., and M. R. Bedford. 2018. “The Use of Nsp Enzymes in Poultry Nutrition: Myths and Realities.” World's Poultry Science Journal 74 (2): 277–286. doi:10.1017/S0043933918000272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alimon, A. R. 2004. “The Nutritive Value of Palm Kernel Cake for Animal Feed.” Palm Oil Development 40 (1): 12–14.
   Google Scholar
• Alshelmani, M. I., E. A. Abdalla, U. Kaka, and M. A. Basit. 2021. “Nontraditional Feedstuffs as an Alternative in Poultry Feed.” In Advances in Poultry Nutrition Research. IntechOpen. doi:10.5772/intechopen.95946.
   Google Scholar
• Alshelmani, M. I., T. C. Loh, H. L. Foo, W. H. Lau, and A. Q. Sazili. 2012. “Characterization of Some Cellulolytic Bacteria under Solid State Fermentation Using Palm Kernel Cake as a Substrate.” Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 33rd Malaysian Society of Animal Production, Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia, June, 4–6.
   Google Scholar
• Alshelmani, M. I., T. C. Loh, H. L. Foo, W. H. Lau, and A. Q. Sazili. 2013a. “Characterization of Cellulolytic Bacterial Cultures Grown in Different Substrates.” The Scientific World Journal 2013: 6. doi:10.1155/2013/689235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshelmani, M. I., T. C. Loh, H. L. Foo, W. H. Lau, and A. Q. Sazili. 2014. “Biodegradation of Palm Kernel Cake by Cellulolytic and Hemicellulolytic Bacterial Cultures through Solid State Fermentation.” The Scientific World Journal 2014: 8. doi:10.1155/2014/729852.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshelmani, M. I., T. C. Loh, H. L. Foo, A. Q. Sazali, and W. H. Lau. 2013b. “Effect of Feeding Fermented Palm Kernel Cake on Performance of Broiler Chickens.” Poster presented at the Proceedings of WPSA and WVPA (Malaysia Branch) Scientific Conference, 83. Serdang, Malaysia: Universiti Putra Malaysia, November 30–December 1.
   Google Scholar
• Alshelmani, M. I., T. C. Loh, H. L. Foo, A. Q. Sazili, and W. H. Lau. 2016. “Effect of Feeding Different Levels of Palm Kernel Cake Fermented by Paenibacillus Polymyxa Atcc 842 on Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Morphology, and Gut Microflora in Broiler Chickens.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 216: 216–224. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.03.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshelmani, M. I., T. C. Loh, H. L. Foo, A. Q. Sazili, and W. H. Lau. 2017a. “Effect of Feeding Different Levels of Palm Kernel Cake Fermented by Paenibacillus Polymyxa Atcc 842 on Broiler Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality.” Animal Production Science 57 (5): 839–848. doi:10.1071/AN15359.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshelmani, M. I., T. C. Loh, H. L. Foo, A. Q. Sazili, and W. H. Lau. 2017b. “Effect of Solid State Fermentation on Nutrient Content and Ileal Amino Acids Digestibility of Palm Kernel Cake in Broiler Chickens.” Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 87 (9): 1135–1140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshelmani, M. M. I. 2015. “Effect of Feeding Palm Kernel Cake Fermented by Fiber Degrading Bacteria on Performance of Broiler Chicken.” Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, UPM, Malaysia.
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez-Cervantes, J., E. M. Hern´andez-dom´ınguez, A. Arana-Cuenca, G. D´ıaz-god´ınez, and Y. Mercado-Flores. 2013. “Purification and Characterization of Xylanase Srxl1 from Sporisorium Reilianum Grown in Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation.” BioResources 8: 5309–5318. doi:10.15376/biores.8.4.5309-5318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anaeto, M., G. O. Chioma, and D. J. Omosebi. 2009. “Palm Kernel Cake as Substitute for Maize in Broiler Finisher Diet.” International Journal of Poultry Science 8 (12): 1206–1208. doi:10.3923/ijps.2009.1206.1208.
   Google Scholar
• Azizi, M. N., T. C. Loh, H. L. Foo, and E. L. Teik Chung. 2021. “Is Palm Kernel Cake a Suitable Alternative Feed Ingredient for Poultry?” Animals 11 (2): 338. doi:10.3390/ani11020338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W. L., M. F. Jahromi, S. C. L. Candyrine, J. B. Liang, N. Abdullah, and Z. Idrus. 2019. “Enzymatic Hydrolysis Drastically Reduces Fibre Content of Palm-Kernel Expeller, but without Enhancing Performance in Broiler Chickens.” Animal Production Science 59 (12): 2131–2137. doi:10.1071/AN17860.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W. L., J. B. Liang, M. F. Jahromi, Y. W. Ho, and N. Abdullah. 2013. “Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Production by Fungi Isolated from Palm Kernel Expeller Using Response Surface Methodology.” BioResources 8: 3844–3857. doi:10.15376/biores.8.3.3844-3857.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong, C. H. 1999. “Improving Utilization of Poultry Feedstuffs with Supplemental Amino Acids and Enzymes.” PhD Thesis, University of British Columbia, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Chukwukaelo, A. K., N. O. Aladi, N. J. Okeudo, H. O. Obikaonu, I. P. Ogbuewu, and I. C. Okoli. 2018. “Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics of Broilers Fed Fermented Mixture of Grated Cassava Roots and Palm Kernel Cake as Replacement for Maize.” Tropical Animal Health and Production 50 (3): 485–493. doi:10.1007/s11250-017-1457-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dairo, F. A. S., and A. O. Fasuyi. 2008. “Evaluation of Fermented Palm Kernel Meal and Fermented Copra Meal Proteins as Substitute for Soybean Meal Protein in Laying Hens Diets.” Central European Journal of Agriculture 9 (1): 35–44.
   Google Scholar
• Diarra, S. S., J. K. Kolubalona, P. P. Lal, E. Stewart, M. Teine, T. Havea, I. Siose, J. Samo, and F. Tabi. 2018. “A Comparative Utilisation of High Dietary Copra and Palm Kernel Cakes Based Diets with Exogenous Enzyme by Young Pullets and Layers.” Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 35 (3): 339–344. doi:10.5958/2231-6744.2018.00051.8.
   Google Scholar
• Ekanem, N., E. Essien, and L. Thompson. 2016. “Carcass Characteristics and Internal Organs of Broilers Fed Varying Levels of Full Fat Palm Kernel Meal.” Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 6 (18): 4–7.
   Google Scholar
• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 2009. How to Feed the World in 2050. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
   Google Scholar
• Faridah, H. S., Y. M. Goh, M. M. Noordin, and J. B. Liang. 2020. “Extrusion Enhances Apparent Metabolizable Energy, Ileal Protein and Amino Acid Digestibility of Palm Kernel Cake in Broilers.” Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33 (12): 1965–1974. doi:10.5713/ajas.19.0964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez, F., M. Hinton, and B. V. Gils. 2002. “Dietary Mannan-Oligosaccharides and Their Effect on Chicken Caecal Microflora in Relation to Salmonella Enteritidis Colonization.” Avian Pathology 31 (1): 49–58. doi:10.1080/03079450120106000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez, F., M. Hinton, and B. Van Gils. 2000. “Evaluation of the Effect of Mannan-Oligosaccharides on the Competitive Exclusion of Salmonella Enteritidis Colonization in Broiler Chicks.” Avian Pathology 29 (6): 575–581. doi:10.1080/03079450020016823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foo, R. Q., M. F. Jahromi, W. L. Chen, S. Ahmad, K. S. Lai, Z. Idrus, and J. B. Liang. 2020. “Oligosaccharides from Palm Kernel Cake Enhances Adherence Inhibition and Intracellular Clearance of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis in Vitro.” Microorganisms 8 (2): 255. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8020255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francech, M., and J. Brufau. 2004. “Nutritional Factors Affecting Excreta/Litter Moisture and Quality.” World's Poultry Science Journal 60: 64–75. doi:10.1079/WPS20035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakim, A. H., I. Zulkifli, A. Soleimani Farjam, E. A. Awad, N. Abdullah, W. L. Chen, and R. Mohamad. 2020. “Passage Time, Apparent Metabolisable Energy and Ileal Amino Acids Digestibility of Treated Palm Kernel Cake in Broilers under the Hot and Humid Tropical Climate.” Italian Journal of Animal Science 19 (1): 194–202. doi:10.1080/1828051X.2020.1712266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iluyemi, F. B., M. M. Hanafi, O. Radziah, and M. S. Kamarudin. 2006. “Fungal Solid State Culture of Palm Kernel Cake.” Bioresource Technology 97 (3): 477–482. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lateef, A., J. K. Oloke, E. B. Gueguim Kana, S. O. Oyeniyi, O. R. Onifade, A. O. Oyeleye, O. C. Oladosu, and A. O. Oyelami. 2008. “Improving the Quality of Agro-Wastes by Solid-State Fermentation: Enhanced Antioxidant Activities and Nutritional Qualities.” World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 24: 2369–2374. doi:10.1007/s11274-008-9749-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marini, A. M., M. J. Daud, S. Noraini, H. Jame'ah, and E. A. E. Azahan. 2005. “Performance of Locally Isolated Microorganism in Degrading Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) Fiber and Improving the Nutritional Value of Fermented PKC.” Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science 33: 311–319.
   Google Scholar
• McDonald, P., R. A. Edwards, and J. F. D. Greenhalgh. 1995. Animal Nutrition. 5th ed. Harlow, UK: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Moreira, L., and E. Filho. 2008. “An Overview of Mannan Structure and Mannan-Degrading Enzyme Systems.” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 79 (2): 165–178. doi:10.1007/s00253-008-1423-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muangkeow, N., and C. Chinajariyawong. 2009. “Determination of True Amino Acid Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy in Fermented Palm Kernel Meal with Aspergillus Wentii Tistr 3075 for Chickens.” Walailak Journal of Science and Technology 6 (2): 231–241.
   Google Scholar
• O'Mara, F. P., F. J. Mulligan, E. J. Cronin, M. Rath, and P. J. Caffrey. 1999. “The Nutritive Value of Palm Kernel Meal Measured in Vivo and Using Rumen Fluid and Enzymatic Techniques.” Livestock Production Science 60 (2–3): 305–316. doi:10.1016/S0301-6226(99)00102-5.
   Google Scholar
• Onwudike, O. 1986. “Palm Kernel Meal as a Feed for Poultry. 1. Composition of Palm Kernel Meal and Availability of Its Amino Acids to Chicks.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 16 (3): 179–186. doi:10.1016/0377-8401(86)90108-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramiah, S. K., N. Abdullah, M. Akhmal, S. Mookiah, A. Soleimani Farjam, C. Wei Li, L. Juan Boo, and Z. Idrus. 2019. “Effect of Feeding Less Shell, Extruded and Enzymatically Treated Palm Kernel Cake on Expression of Growth-Related Genes in Broiler Chickens.” Italian Journal of Animal Science 18 (1): 997–1004. doi:10.1080/1828051X.2019.1589393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shastak, Y., P. Ader, D. Feuerstein, R. Ruehle, and M. Matuschek. 2015. “ß-mannan and Mannanase in Poultry Nutrition.” World's Poultry Science Journal 71 (1): 161–174. doi:10.1017/S0043933915000136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S., G. Singh, and S. K. Arya. 2018. “Mannans: An Overview of Properties and Application in Food Products.” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 119: 79–95. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soltan, M. A. 2009. “Growth Performance, Immune Response and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chicks Fed on Graded Levels of Palm Kernel Cake without or with Enzyme Supplementation.” Livestock Research for Rural Development 21 (3): 37.
   Google Scholar
• Son, A. R., Y. Hyun, J. K. Htoo, and B. G. Kim. 2014. “Amino Acid Digestibility in Copra Expellers and Palm Kernel Expellers by Growing Pigs.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 187: 91–97. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.09.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukaryana, Y., U. Atmomarsono, V. D. Yunianto, and E. Supriyatna. 2010. “Bioconversions of Palm Kernel Cake and Rice Bran Mixtures by Trichoderma Viride toward Nutritional Contents.” International Journal of Science and Engineering 1 (2): 27–32. doi:10.12777/ijse.1.2.27-32.
   Google Scholar
• Sulabo, R. C., W. S. Ju, and H. H. Stein. 2013. “Amino Acid Digestibility and Concentration of Digestible and Metabolizable Energy in Copra Meal, Palm Kernel Expellers, and Palm Kernel Meal Fed to Growing Pigs.” Journal of Animal Science 91 (3): 1391–1399. doi:10.2527/jas.2012-5281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundu, B., and J. Dingle. 2002. “Use of Enzymes to Improve the Nutritional Value of Palm Kernel Meal and Copra Meal.” Proceedings of the Queensland Poultry Science Symposium, 1–15. Gatton, Queensland.
   Google Scholar
• Sundu, B., A. Kumar, and J. Dingle. 2006. “Palm Kernel Meal in Broiler Diets: Its Effect on Chickens' Performance and Health.” World's Poultry Science Journal 62: 316–325. doi:10.1079/WPS2005100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ugwu, S. O. C., A. E. Onyimonyi, and C. I. Ozonoh. 2008. “Comparative Performance and Haematological Indices of Finishing Broilers Fed Palm Kernel Cake, Bambara Offal and Rice Husk as Partial Replacement for Maize.” International Journal of Poultry Science 7 (3): 299–303. doi:10.3923/ijps.2008.299.303.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., P. A. Iji, and M. Choct. 2009. “Dietary Modulation of Gut Microflora in Broiler Chickens: A Review of the Role of Six Kinds of Alternative to in-Feed Antibiotics.” World's Poultry Science Journal 65: 97–114. doi:10.1017/S0043933909000087.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamani, H. U., T. C. Loh, H. L. Foo, A. A. Samsudin, and M. I. Alshelmani. 2017. “Effects of Feeding Palm Kernel Cake with Crude Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken.” International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2 (1): 22–28. doi:10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.15.
   Google Scholar
• Zulkifli, I., H. I. Rahayu, A. Alimon, M. Vidyadaran, and S. Babjee. 2009. “Gut Microflora and Intestinal Morphology of Commercial Broiler Chickens and Red Jungle Fowl Fed Diets Containing Palm Kernel Meal.” Archiv für Geflügelkunde 73 (1): 49–55.
   Google Scholar