258
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Garlic as active principle of sanitiser for hatching eggs

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Abdallah, E. M. 2017. “Potential Antifungal Activity of Fresh Garlic Cloves (Allium Sativum L.) from Sudan.” Journal of Biotechnology Research 3 (11): 106–109.
  • Abdulateef, S. M., A. A. Majid, M. A. Al-Bayer, S. S. Shawkat, A. Tatar, T. T. Mohammed, F. M. Abdulateef, et al. 2021. “Effect of Aromatase Inhibitors on Sex Differentiation and Embryonic Development in Chicks.” Veterinary Medicine and Science 7 (6): 2362–2373. doi:10.1002/vms3.623.
  • Abe, K., Y. Hori, and T. Myoda. 2020. “Volatile Compounds of Fresh and Processed Garlic (Review).” Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19 (2): 1585–1593. doi:10.3892/etm.2019.8394.
  • Abo-Samaha, M. I., and H. A. Basha. 2021. “Effect of Spraying Japanese Quail Eggs with Garlic Oil on Hatching Performance and Hatch Weight.” Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 9 (2): 156–161. doi:10.17582/journal.aavs/2021/9.2.156.161.
  • Ahlborn, G., and B. W. Sheldon. 2006. “Identifying the Components in Eggshell Membrane Responsible for Reducing the Heat Resistance of Bacterial Pathogens.” Journal of Food Protection 69 (4): 729–738. doi:10.4315/0362-028X-69.4.729.
  • Al-Defiery, M. E., A. K. Al-Muttairi, H. H. Saeed, and R. K. Hadi. 2021. “Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic and Pomegranate Peel Extracts against Some Pathogenic Bacteria.” IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 722: 012017. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/722/1/012017.
  • Al-Talib, H., N. D. M. Ali, M. H. Suhaimi, S. S. N. Rosli, N. H. Othman, N. A. S. Mansor, A. K. S. Shah, et al. 2016. “Antimicrobial Effect of Malaysian Vegetables against Enteric Bacteria.” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 6 (3): 211–215. doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.12.009.
  • Alves, R. R., B. R. D. de Andrade, A. C. Silva, and M. L. R. B. da Silva. 2021. “Atividade Antimicrobiana Do Extrato de (Allium Sativum, Liliaceae) in Natura E Do Extrato Aquoso Frente Candida Albicans, Staphylococcus Aureus E Streptococcus Pyogenes [Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic (Allium Sativum, Liliaceae) in Nature and Aqueous Extract against Candida Albicans, Staphylococcus Aureus and Streptococcus Pyogenes].” Research, Society and Development 10 (7): 1–7. doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16206.
  • Amagase, H. 2006. “Clarifying the Real Bioactive Constituents of Garlic.” The Journal of Nutrition 136 (3): 716S–725S. doi:10.1093/jn/136.3.716S.
  • Amagase, H., B. L. Petesch, H. Matsuura, S. Kasuga, and Y. Itakura. 2001. “Intake of Garlic and Its Bioactive Components.” The Journal of Nutrition 131 (3): 955S–962S. doi:10.1093/jn/131.3.955S.
  • Araújo, W. A. G., and L. F. T. Albino. 2011. “Incubação Comercial [Commercial Incubation]”. Trivandrum: Transworld Research Network
  • Avato, P., F. Tursil, C. Vitali, V. Miccolis, and V. Candido. 2000. “Allylsulfide Constituents of Garlic Volatile Oil as Antimicrobial Agents.” Phytomedicine 7 (3): 239–243. doi:10.1016/s0944-7113(00)80010-0.
  • Bakri, I. M., and C. W. I. Douglas. 2005. “Inhibitory Effect of Garlic Extract on Oral Bacteria.” Archives of Oral Biology 50 (7): 645–651. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2004.12.002.
  • Balach, O., D. Gazel, F. Ekşi, Y. Zer, T. Karslıgil, and S. A. Azzawi. 2020. “In Vitro Effects of Natural Garlic Juice on Some Fungal Strains.” European Journal of Therapeutics 26 (4): 298–302. doi:10.5152/eurjther.2020.19059.
  • Batkowska, J., L. Wlazlo, K. Drabik, B. Nowakowicz-Debek, K. I. A. Al-Shammari, and M. Gryzinska. 2018. “Evaluation of Grapefruit Juice (Citrus Paradisi) as an Alternative Disinfectant for Hatching Eggs.” Pakistan Journal of Zoology 50 (2): 647–653. doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.2.647.653.
  • Baylan, M. I., G. C. Akpınar, S. D. Canogullari, and T. Ayasan. 2018. “The Effects of Using Garlic Extract for Quail Hatching Egg Disinfection on Hatching Results and Performance.” Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 20 (2): 343–350. doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0693.
  • Benkeblia, N. 2004. “Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil Extracts of Various Onions (Allium Cepa) and Garlic (Allium Sativum).” LWT - Food Science and Technology 37 (2): 263–268. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2003.09.001.
  • Berrang, M. E., N. A. Cox, J. F. Frank, and R. J. Buhr. 1999. “Bacterial Penetration of the Eggshell and Shell Membranes of the Chicken Hatching Egg: A Review.” Journal of Applied Poultry Science 8 (4): 499–504. doi:10.1093/japr/8.4.499.
  • Bhatwalkar, S. B., R. Mondal, S. B. N. Krishna, J. K. Adam, P. Govender, and R. Anupam. 2021. “Antibacterial Properties of Organosulfur Compounds of Garlic (Allium Sativum).” Frontiers in Microbiology 12: 613077. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.613077.
  • Borlinghaus, J., F. Albrecht, M. C. H. Gruhlke, I. D. Nwachukwu, and A. J. Slusarenko. 2014. “Allicin: Chemistry and Biological Properties.” Molecules 19 (8): 12591–12618. doi:10.3390/molecules190812591.
  • Caetano, G. M., G. A. Garcia, T. B. Gonçalves, and J. L. M. da Silva. 2021. “Atividade Antifúngica Do Alho (Allium Sativum) Sobre Candida Albicans [Antifungal Activity of Garlic (Allium Sativum) on Candida Albicans].” Revista Brasileira Multidisciplinar 24 (1): 112–126. doi:10.25061/2527-2675/ReBraM/2021.v24i1.731.
  • Cahayani, W. A., C. Tanuwijaya, L. X. Chi, and Y. Mulyastuti. 2019. “Antibacterial Activity of Garlic (Allium Sativum) Extract and Molecular Docking Studies of Allicin.” AIP Conference Proceedings 2108 (1): 020045. doi:10.1063/1.5110020.
  • Canizares, P., I. Gracia, L. A. Gomez, A. Garcia, C. M. de Argila, D. Boixeda, and L. de Rafael. 2004. “Thermal Degradation of Allicin in Garlic Extracts and Its Implication on the Inhibition of the in-vitro Growth of Helicobacter Pylori.” Biotechnology Progress 20 (1): 32–37. doi:10.1021/bp034135v.
  • Chand, B. 2013. “Antibacterial Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) against Staphylococcus Aureus, Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Cereus.” Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 2 (4): 2481–2491.
  • Chen, C., C. H. Liu, J. Cai, W. Zhang, W. L. Qi, Z. Wang, Z. B. Liu, et al. 2018. “Broad-spectrum Antimicrobial Activity, Chemical Composition and Mechanism of Action of Garlic (Allium Sativum) Extracts.” Food Control 86:117–125. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.11.015.
  • Choo, S., V. K. Chin, E. H. Wong, P. Madhavan, S. T. Tay, P. V. C. Yong, and P. P. Chong. 2020. “Review: Antimicrobial Properties of Allicin Used Alone or in Combination with Other Medications.” Folia Microbiologica 65: 451–465. doi:10.1007/s12223-020-00786-5.
  • Cirković, I., M. Jovalekic, and B. Jegorović. 2012. “In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Garlic and Synergism between Garlic and Antibacterial Drugs.” Archives of Biological Sciences 64 (4): 1369–1375. doi:10.2298/ABS1204369C.
  • Copur, G., M. Arslan, M. Baylan, and S. Canogullari. 2011. “Use of Allicin as an Alternative Hatching Egg Disinfectant versus Formaldehyde Fumigation in Broiler Hatching Eggs.” Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 25 (3): 2494–2498. doi:10.5504/BBEQ.2011.0027.
  • Damaziak, K., J. Riedel, D. Gozdowski, J. Niemiec, A. Siennicka, and D. Róg. 2017. “Productive Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Diets Supplemented with Garlic and Onion Extracts.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 26 (3): 337–349. doi:10.3382/japr/pfx001.
  • Emmanuel, S. E., E. O. Ehinmitan, R. S. Bodunde, and J. C. Joseph. 2021. “Antimicrobial Activity of Zingiber Officinale and Allium Sativum on Some Drug Resistant Bacterial Isolates.” Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25 (6): 1053–1058.
  • Enejiyon, S., A. H. Abdulrahman, A. Adedeji, R. Abdulsalam, and M. Oyedum. 2020. “Antibacterial Activities of the Extracts of Allium Sativum (Garlic) and Allium Cepa (Onion) against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria.” Tanzania Journal of Science 46 (3): 914–922.
  • Fardows, J., and S. M. Shamsuzzaman. 2015. “Detection of Potential Pathogenic Aerobic Bacteria from Egg Shell and Egg Contents of Hen Collected from Poultry.” Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 41 (2): 67–72. doi:10.3329/bmrcb.v41i2.29983.
  • Fasenko, G. M., E. E. O’Dea Christopher, and L. M. McMullen. 2009. “Spraying Hatching Eggs with Electrolysed Oxidising Water Reduces Eggshell Microbial Load without Compromising Broiler Production Parameters.” Poultry Science 88 (5): 1121–1127. doi:10.3382/ps.2008-00359.
  • Fenwick, G. R., A. B. Hanley, and J. R. Whitaker. 1985. “The Genus Allium. Part 2.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 22 (4): 273–377. doi:10.1080/10408398509527417.
  • Fouad, W., and M. S. Abdel-Hafez. 2017. “Effect of Spraying Hatching Eggs of Japanese Quails by Live Yeast on Physiological Changes in the Embryonic Development, Hatchability and Total Bacterial Count.” Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 374: 1303–1321. doi: 10.21608/epsj.2017.5655.
  • Fouad, W., M. S. Abdel-Hafez, and H. A. H. Abd El-Halim. 2018. “Influence of Spraying Garlic Oil on Embryonic Development, Hatchability, Physiological Parameters, Post-Hatch Chick Growth and Bacterial Contamination of Fertile Quail Eggs.” Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 38 (3): 877–893. doi:10.21608/EPSJ.2018.17113.
  • Fouad, W., M. G. Abdelfattah, and M. A. Abdelnabi. 2019. “Effect of Spraying Hatching Eggs by Different Levels of Vinegar on Embryological Development, Hatchability and Physiological Performance of Dandarwi Chicks.” Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 39 (1): 291–309. doi:10.21608/EPSJ.2019.29843.
  • Fujisawa, H., K. Suma, K. Origuchi, H. Kumagai, T. Seki, and T. Ariga. 2008. “Biological and Chemical Stability of garlic-derived Allicin.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56 (11): 4229–4235. doi:10.1021/jf8000907.
  • Fujisawa, H., K. Watanabe, K. Suma, K. Origuchi, H. Matsufuji, T. Seki, and T. Ariga. 2009. “Antibacterial Potential of Garlic-Derived Allicin and Its Cancellation by Sulfhydryl Compounds.” Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 73 (9): 1948–1955. doi:10.1271/bbb.90096.
  • Gantois, I., R. Ducatelle, F. Pasmans, F. Haesebrouck, R. Gast, T. J. Humphrey, and F. V. Immerseel. 2009. “Mechanisms of Egg Contamination by Salmonella Enteritidis.” FEMS Microbiology Reviews 33 (4): 718–738. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00161.x.
  • Gruhlke, M. C. H., D. Portz, M. Stitz, A. Anwar, T. Schneider, C. Jacob, N. L. Schlaich, et al. 2010. “Allicin Disrupts the Cell’s Electrochemical Potential and Induces Apoptosis in Yeast.” Free Radical Biology and Medicine 49 (12): 1916–1924. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.019.
  • Gull, I., M. Saeed, H. Shaukat, S. M. Aslam, Z. Q. Samra, and A. M. Athar. 2012. “Inhibitory Effect of Allium Sativum and Zingiber Officinale Extracts on Clinically Important Drug Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria.” Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 11 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1186/1476-0711-11-8.
  • Guyot, N., S. Jan, S. Rehault-Godbert, Y. Nys, M. Gautier, and F. Baron. 2013. “Antibacterial Activity of Egg White: Influence of Physico-chemical Conditions.” Worlds Poultry Science Journal 69: 1–15.
  • Hincke, M. T., M. Da Silva, N. Guyot, J. Gautron, M. D. McKee, R. Guabiraba-Brito, S. Réhault-Godbert, et al. 2019. “Dynamics of Structural Barriers and Innate Immune Components during Incubation of the Avian Egg: Critical Interplay between Autonomous Embryonic Development and Maternal Anticipation.” Journal of Innate Immunity 11 (2): 111–124. doi:10.1159/000493719.
  • Hindi, N. K. 2013. “In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Aquatic Garlic Extract, Apple Vinegar and Apple Vinegar - Garlic Extract Combination.” American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics 1 (1): 42–51.
  • Houshmand, B., F. Mahjour, and O. Dianat. 2013. “Antibacterial Effect of Different Concentrations of Garlic (Allium Sativum) Extract on Dental Plaque Bacteria.” Indian Journal Dental Research 24 (1): 71–75. doi:10.4103/0970-9290.114957.
  • Ikegbunam, M., M. Ukamaka, and O. Emmanuel. 2016. “Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Six Spices.” American Journal of Plant Sciences 7 (1): 118–125. doi:10.4236/ajps.2016.71013.
  • Keita, A., A. Huneau-Salaun, A. Guillot, P. Galliot, M. Tavares, and J. Puterflam. 2016. “A Multi-pronged Approach to the Search for an Alternative to Formaldehyde as an Egg Disinfectant without Affecting Worker Health, Hatching, or Broiler Production Parameters.” Poultry Science 95 (7): 1609–1616. doi:10.3382/ps/pew058.
  • Korowiecka, K., M. Trela, B. Tombarkiewicz, K. Pawlak, J. W. Niedziółka, M. Swadźba, and M. W. Lis. 2017. “Assessment of the Effect of Selected Substances Used for Disinfection of Hatching Eggs on Hatching Results in Chickens.” Scientific Annals of Polish Society of Animal Production 13 (2): 25–35. doi:10.5604/01.3001.0013.5221.
  • Kulshreshtha, G., L. D’Alba, I. C. Dunn, S. Rehault-Godbert, A. B. Rodriguez-Navarro, and M. T. Hincke. 2022. “Properties, Genetics and Innate Immune Function of the Cuticle in Egg-Laying Species.” Frontiers in Immunology 13: 838525. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.838525.
  • Leontiev, R., N. Hohaus, C. Jacob, M. C. H. Gruhlke, and A. J. Slusarenko. 2018. “A Comparison of the Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Thiosulfinate Analogues of Allicin.” Scientific Reports 8 (1): 6763. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25154-9.
  • Li, X., D. Anderson, B. Rathgeber, N. McLean, and J. MacIsaac. 2018. “Fumigating Broiler Hatching Eggs with Lysozyme Product (Inovapure) to Reduce Eggshell Microbial Load.” Poultry Science 97 (12): 1 4252–4261. doi:10.3382/ps/pey288.
  • Li, F., Q. Li, S. Wu, and Z. Tan. 2017. “Salting-out Extraction of Allicin from Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) Based on ethanol/ammonium Sulfate in Laboratory and Pilot Scale.” Food Chemistry 217 (15): 91–97. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.092.
  • Li, W. R., Q. S. Shi, H. Q. Dai, Q. Liang, X. B. Xie, X. M. Huang, G. Z. Zhao, et al. 2016. “Antifungal Activity, Kinetics and Molecular Mechanism of Action of Garlic Oil against Candida Albicans.” Scientific Reports 6 (1): 22805. doi:10.1038/srep22805.
  • Magryś, A., A. Olender, and D. Tchórzewska. 2021. “Antibacterial Properties of Allium Sativum L. against the Most Emerging multidrug-resistant Bacteria and Its Synergy with Antibiotics.” Archives of Microbiology 203 (5): 2257–2268. doi:10.1007/s00203-021-02248-z.
  • Mahmoud, K. Z., S. M. Gharaibeh, H. A. Zakaria, and A. M. Qatramiz. 2010. “Garlic (Allium Sativum) Supplementation: Influence on Egg Production, Quality, and Yolk Cholesterol Level in Layer Hens.” Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 23 (11): 1503–1509. doi:10.5713/ajas.2010.10124.
  • Martins, N., S. Petropoulos, and I. C. F. R. Ferreira. 2016. “Chemical Composition and Bioactive Compounds of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) as Affected by Pre- and post-harvest Conditions: A Review.” Food Chemistry 211 (15): 41–50. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.029.
  • Mekala, P., P. Senthilkumar, A. Jagadeeswaran, and A. Arivuchelvan. 2013. “Evaluation of in Vitro Antibacterial Effect of Garlic against Poultry Pathogens.” Shanlax International Journal of Veterinary Science 1 (1): 12–14.
  • Melo, E. F., W. L. S. Clímaco, M. V. Triginelli, D. P. Vaz, M. R. de Souza, N. C. Baião, M. A. Pompeu, and L. J. C. Lara. 2019. “An Evaluation of Alternative Methods for Sanitising Hatching Eggs.” Poultry Science 98 (6): 2466–2473. doi:10.3382/ps/pez022.
  • Mendes, A. S., S. J. Paixão, R. Restelatto, R. Reffatti, J. C. Possenti, D. J. de Moura, G. M. Z. Morello, et al. 2011. “Effects of Initial Body Weight and Litter Material on Broiler Production.” Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 13 (3): 165–170. doi:10.1590/S1516-635X2011000300001.
  • Meriga, B., R. Mopuri, and T. MuraliKrishna. 2012. “Insecticidal, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Bulb Extracts of Allium Sativum.” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 5 (5): 391–395. doi:10.1016/S1995-7645(12)60065-0.
  • Messens, W., K. Grijspeerdt, and L. Herman. 2005. “Eggshell Penetration by Salmonella: A Review.” World’s Poultry Science Journal 61 (1): 71–86. doi:10.1079/WPS200443.
  • Milani, H. L. A., A. X. V. Teixeira, E. C. de Sousa, V. A. de Abreu, and M. F. M. L. Ninahuaman. 2016. “Avaliação da Atividade Antimicrobiana in Vitro Do Alho (Allium Sativum) in Natura [Evaluation of in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic (Allium Sativum) in Nature].” Acta Scientiae Biological Research 1 (1): 47–58. doi:10.19141/2526-169X/actascientiae.v1.n1.p47-58.
  • Miyamoto, T., T. Horie, E. Baba, K. Sasai, T. Fukata, and A. Arakawa. 1998. “Salmonella Penetration through Eggshell Associated with Freshness of Laid Eggs and Refrigeration.” Journal Food Protection 61 (3): 350–353. doi:10.4315/0362-028X-61.3.350.
  • Nakamoto, M., K. Kunimura, J. I. Suzuki, and Y. Kodera. 2020. “Antimicrobial Properties of Hydrophobic Compounds in Garlic: Allicin, Vinyldithiin, Ajoene and Diallyl Polysulfides.” Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19 (2): 1550–1553. doi:10.3892/etm.2019.8388.
  • Njue, L., L. W. Kanja, J. N. Ombui, J. G. Nduhiu, and D. Obiero. 2014. “Efficacy of Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic Extracts on Bacterial Pathogens Commonly Found to Contaminate Meat.” East African Medical Journal 91 (12): 442–448.
  • Nogueira, W. C. L., A. C. S. Pena, C. N. de Souza, I. L. Azevedo, D. E. F. Filho, and A. C. de Almeida. 2019. “Disinfection of Fertile Eggs of Free-Range Poultry with Essential Oils.” Revista Brasileira de Saúde E Produção Animal 20: 1–8. doi:10.1590/s1519-9940200822019.
  • Ogbuewu, I. P., V. M. Okoro, and C. A. Mbajiorgu. 2021. “Meta-analysis of the Responses of Laying Hens to Garlic (Allium Sativum) Supplementation.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 275: 114866. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114866.
  • Oliveira, G. S., S. T. Nascimento, V. M. Santos, and B. S. L. Dallago. 2021. “Spraying Hatching Eggs with Clove Essential Oil Does Not Compromise the Quality of Embryos and One-day-old Chicks or Broiler Performance.” Animals 11 (7): 1–10. doi:10.3390/ani11072045.
  • Oliveira, G. S., S. T. Nascimento, V. M. Santos, and M. G. Silva. 2020. “Clove Essential Oil in the Sanitation of Fertile Eggs.” Poultry Science 99 (11): 5509–5516. doi:10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.014.
  • Oliveira, G. D. S., V. M. Santos, and C. McManus. 2022. “Propolis: Effects on the Sanitisation Sanitisation of Hatching Eggs.” World Poultry Science Journal 78 (1): 261–272. doi:10.1080/00439339.2022.2003173.
  • Oliveira, G. D. S., V. M. Santos, and S. T. Nascimento. 2021. “Essential Oils as Sanitisers for Hatching Eggs.” World Poultry Science Journal 77 (3): 605–617. doi:10.1080/00439339.2021.1959276.
  • Olobatoke, R. Y., and S. D. Mulugeta. 2011. “Effect of Dietary Garlic Powder on Layer Performance, Fecal Bacterial Load, and Egg Quality.” Poultry Science 90 (3): 665–670. doi:10.3382/ps.2010-00736.
  • Olsen, R., E. Kudirkiene, I. Thøfner, S. Pors, P. Karlskov-Mortensen, L. Li, S. Papasolomontos, et al. 2017. “Impact of Egg Disinfection of Hatching Eggs on the Eggshell Microbiome and Bacterial Load.” Poultry Science 96 (11): 3901–3911. doi:10.3382/ps/pex182.
  • Omer, H. A. A., S. M. Ahmed, S. S. Abdel-Magid, G. M. H. El-Mallah, A. A. Bakr, and M. M. A. Fattah. 2019. “Nutritional Impact of Inclusion of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and/or Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Powder in Laying Hens’ Diets on Their Performance, Egg Quality, and Some Blood Constituents.” Bulletin of the National Research Centre 43 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1186/s42269-019-0061-6.
  • Ota, C. C. C., D. V. G. da Silva, K. C. Jacon, V. Baura, and S. Nunes. 2010. “Avaliação da Atividade Antimicrobiana E Anti-inflamatória Do Extrato Hidroalcoólico Do Allium Sativum (Alho) [Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Allium Sativum (Garlic)].” Revista Tuiuti Ciência E Cultura 4 (43): 37–49.
  • Pesavento, G., C. Calonico, M. Runfola, and A. Lo Nostro. 2017. “Free-range and Organic Farming: Eggshell Contamination by Mesophilic Bacteria and Unusual Pathogens.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 26 (4): 509–517. doi:10.3382/japr/pfx023.
  • Rajabi, Z., A. A. Shahbazfar, and S. Haghparast Kizami. 2021. “The Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Red Onion (Allium Cepa) on the Histopathological Signs of Avian Influenza Disease in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H9N2.” Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology 15 (58): 187–204. doi:10.30495/jvcp.2021.1928578.1304.
  • Rees, L. P., S. F. Minney, N. T. Plummer, J. H. Slater, and D. A. Skyrme. 1993. “A Quantitative Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic (Allium Sativum).” World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 9 (3): 303–307. doi:10.1007/BF00383068.
  • Rezaee, M. S., D. Liebhart, C. Hess, M. Hess, and S. Paudel. 2020. “Bacterial Infection in Chicken Embryos and Consequences of Yolk Sac Constitution for Embryo Survival.” Veterinary Pathology 58 (1): 71–79. doi:10.1177/0300985820960127.
  • Rizk, Y. S., S. A. Shazly, M. A. Ragab, and A. R. Fawzy. 2022. “Effects of Spraying Eggs with Garlic Oil on Hatching Traits, Post-Hatch Chick Growth and Physiological Response of Hatched Sinai Chicks.” Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 42 (2): 187–198. doi:10.21608/EPSJ.2022.249545.
  • Roberts, C. E., Jr. 2019. “Sanitizing Hatching Eggs – To Wash, Dip, Rinse, Spray, or Leave Alone.” 1–12. https://robertsfarm.us/pdf/Sanitizing_eggs.pdf
  • Ross, Z. M., E. A. O’Gara, D. J. Hill, H. V. Sleightholme, and D. J. Maslin. 2001. “Antimicrobial Properties of Garlic Oil against Human Enteric Bacteria: Evaluation of Methodologies and Comparisons with Garlic Oil Sulfides and Garlic Powder.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67 (1): 475–480. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.1.475-480.2001.
  • Salehi, B., P. Zucca, I. E. Orhan, E. Azzini, C. O. Adetunji, S. A. Mohammed, S. K. Banerjee, et al. 2019. “Allicin and Health: A Comprehensive Review.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 86:502–516. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.003.
  • Santos, J. C., C. D. C. Filho, T. F. Barros, and A. G. Guimarães. 2011. “Atividade Antimicrobiana in Vitro Dos Óleos Essenciais de Orégano, Alho, Cravo E Limão Sobre Bactérias Patogênicas Isoladas de Vôngole [In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Oregano, Garlic, Clove and Lemon against Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Anomalocardia Brasiliana].” Semina: Ciências Agrárias 32 (4): 1557–1564. doi:10.5433/1679-0359.2011v32n4p1557.
  • Sauter, E. A., and C. F. Petersen. 1969. “The Effect of Eggshell Quality on Penetration by Pseudomonas Fluorescens.” Poultry Science 48 (5): 1525–1528. doi:10.3382/ps.0481525.
  • Sauter, E. A., and C. F. Petersen. 1974. “The Effect of Eggshell Quality on Penetration by Various Salmonella.” Poultry Science 53 (6): 2159–2162. doi:10.3382/ps.0532159.
  • Şengül, T., and M. Erükçü. 2019. “Effects on Growth Performance of Some Chick Quality Measurements in Broilers.” Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences 6 (4): 648–654. doi:10.30910/turkjans.633544.
  • Shahjada, Z., K. Hussain, M. M. Islam, S. Majumder, I. Hasan, M. Rahman, and S. Saha. 2017. “Bacteria Causing Omphalitis in Newly Hatched Chicks from Broiler and Layer Flocks and Their Antibiotic Profiles.” International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 4 (2): 73–81.
  • Shane, S. M., and A. Faust. 1996. “Evaluation of Sanitizers for Hatching Eggs.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 5 (2): 134–138. doi:10.1093/japr/5.2.134.
  • Shojai, T. M., A. G. Langeroudi, V. Karimi, A. Barin, and N. Sadri. 2016. “The Effect of Allium Sativum (Garlic) Extract on Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Specific Pathogen Free Embryonic Egg.”Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 6 (4): 458–467. Pmid: 27516987.
  • Shokrzadeh, M., and A. G. Ebadi. 2006. “Antibacterial Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) on Staphylococcus Aureus.” Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9 (8): 1577–1579. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2006.1577.1579.
  • Soltan, H. R., S. M. Ahmed, and D. A. Emam. 2016. “Comparative Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Essential Oil Extracted by hydro–distillation and Diethyl Ether Extraction Methods on Four Pathogenic Bacteria.” Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research 4 (2): 261–264. doi:10.15406/apar.2016.04.00132.
  • Sylte, M. J., L. C. Chandra, and T. Looft. 2017. “Evaluation of Disinfectants and Antiseptics to Eliminate Bacteria from the Surface of Turkey Eggs and Hatch Gnotobiotic Poults.” Poultry Science 96 (7): 2412–2420. doi:10.3382/ps/pex022.
  • Tellez, T. M. E., E. S. V. Aguilar, M. T. A. Rojas, D. O. D. Guineo, R. Quevedo, O. Díaz, and J. M. B. Montes. 2020. “Garlic (Allium Sativum L) and Its Beneficial Properties for Health: A Review.” Agroindustrial Science 10 (1): 103–115. doi:10.17268/agroind.sci.2020.01.14.
  • Thermote, L. 2006. “Effective Hygiene within the Hatchery.” International Hatchery Practice 20: 18–21. Accessed 3 November 2021. http://www.positiveaction.info/pdfs/articles/hp20.5p18.pdf
  • Turblin, V. 2008. “Disinfection of Hatching Eggs Importance and Practical Aspects”. Hatchery Expertise Online. Accessed 19 July 2021 https://5mpublishing.sirv.com/poultry/legacy/focus/contents/ceva/OnlineBulletins/ob_2008/Article-No21-Nov08.pdf
  • Turtoi, M., and D. Borda. 2014. “Decontamination of Egg Shells Using Ultraviolet Light Treatment.” World’s Poultry Science Journal 70 (2): 265–278. doi:10.1017/S0043933914000282.
  • Uzun, L., T. Dal, M. T. Kalcıoğlu, M. Yürek, Z. C. Açıkgöz, and R. Durmaz. 2019. “Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic Derivatives on Common Causative Microorganisms of the External Ear Canal and Chronic Middle Ear Infections.” Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 57 (4): 161–165. doi:10.5152/tao.2019.4413.
  • Venugopal, P. V., and T. V. Venugopal. 1995. “Antidermatophytic Activity of Garlic (Allium Sativum) in Vitro.” International Journal of Dermatology 34 (4): 278–279. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1995.tb01597.x.
  • Wales, A., and R. Davies. 2020. “Review of Hatchery Transmission of Bacteria with Focus on Salmonella, Chick Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance.” World’s Poultry Science Journal 76 (3): 517–536. doi:10.1080/00439339.2020.1789533.
  • Wen, C., Q. Li, F. Lan, X. Li, G. Li, Y. Yan, G. Wu, et al. 2021. “Microbiota Continuum along the Chicken Oviduct and Its Association with Host Genetics and Egg Formation.” Poultry Science 100 (7): 101104. doi:10.1016/j.psj.2021.101104.
  • Wlazlo, L., K. Drabik, K. I. A. Al-Shammari, J. Batkowska, B. Nowakowicz-Debek, and M. Gryzińska. 2020. “Use of Reactive Oxygen Species (Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide) for Disinfection of Hatching Eggs.” Poultry Science 99 (5): 2478–2484. doi:10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.039.
  • Yadav, S., N. A. Trivedi, and J. D. Bhatt. 2015. “Antimicrobial Activity of Fresh Garlic Juice: An in Vitro Study.” An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda 36 (2): 203–207. doi:10.4103/0974-8520.175548.
  • Yildirim, I., A. Aygun, and D. Sert. 2015. “Effects of Preincubation Application of Low and High Frequency Ultrasound on Eggshell Microbial Activity, Hatchability, Supply Organ Weights at Hatch, and Chick Performance in Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Hatching Eggs.” Poultry Science 94 (7): 1678–1684. doi:10.3382/ps/pev110.
  • Yoshida, H., N. Iwata, H. Katsuzaki, R. Naganawa, K. Ishikawa, H. Fukuda, and T. Fujino. 1998. “Antimicrobial Activity of a Compound Isolated from an oil-macerated Garlic Extract.” Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 62 (5): 1014–1017. doi:10.1271/bbb.62.1014.
  • Zeweil, H. S., R. E. Rizk, G. M. Bekhet, and M. R. Ahmed. 2015. “Comparing the Effectiveness of Egg Disinfectants against Bacteria and Mitotic Indices of Developing Chick Embryos.” The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology 70: 1–15. doi:10.1016/j.jobaz.2014.12.005.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.