Assessment of the accuracy of the Greulich and Pyle hand-wrist atlas for age estimation in a contemporary Australian population

References

• Cattaneo C. Forensic anthropology: developments of a classical discipline in the new millennium. Forensic Sci Int. 2007;165(2-3):185–193. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.05.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNHCR. Syria regional refugee response; 2016 [cited 2016 Sep 04]. Available from: http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php.
   Google Scholar
• Ritz-Timme S, Cattaneo C, Collins M, Waite E, Schütz H, Kaatsch H, Bormann H. Age estimation: the state of the art in relation to the specific demands of forensic practise. Int J Leg Med. 2000;113(3):129–136. 10.1007/s004140050283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmeling A, Olze A, Reisinger W, Geserick G. Forensic age diagnostics of living people undergoing criminal proceedings. Forensic Sci Int. 2004;144(2-3):243–245. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmeling A, Reisinger W, Geserick G, Olze A. Age estimation of unaccompanied minors: part I. general considerations. Forensic Sci Int. 2006;159, Supplement(0):S61–S64. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.02.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olze A, Reisinger W, Geserick G, Schmeling A Age estimation of unaccompanied minors: part II. dental aspects. Forensic Sci Int. 2006;159, Supplement(0):S65–S67. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.02.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonsior M, Ramsthaler F, Gehl A, Verhoff M. Morphology as a cause for different classification of the ossification stage of the medial clavicular epiphysis by ultrasound, computed tomography, and macroscopy. Int J Leg Med. 2013;127(5):1013–1021. 10.1007/s00414-013-0889-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jnanesh R, Thomas S, Gowd H. Estimation of Age by Roentgenologic study of Epiphyseal union at the lower end of Humerus in Karnataka. Anatomica Karnataka. 2011;5(1):6–10.
   Google Scholar
• Dedouit F, Auriol J, Rousseau H, Rougé D, Crubézy E, Telmon N. Age assessment by magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: a preliminary study. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;217(1–3): 232.e1–e7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackman L, Davies C, Black S. Age estimation using foot radiographs from a modern Scottish population. J Forensic Sci. 2013;58:S146–S150. 10.1111/1556-4029.12004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameriere R, De Luca S, Biagi R, Cingolani M, Farronato G, Ferrante L. Accuracy of three age estimation methods in children by measurements of developing teeth and carpals and epiphyses of the ulna and radius. J Forensic Sci. 2012;57(5):1263–1270. 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02120.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner J, Whitehouse R, Cameron N, Marshall W, Healy M, Goldstein H. Assessment of skeletal maturity and prediction of adult height. 2nd ed. London: Academic Press; 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Tanner J, Healy M, Goldstein H, Cameron N. Assessment of skeletal maturity and prediction of adult height (TW3 method). London: W.B Saunders; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Franklin D. Forensic age estimation in human skeletal remains: current concepts and future directions. Legal Med. 2010;12(1):1–7. 10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunha E, Baccino E, Martrille L, Ramsthaler F, Prieto J, Schuliar Y, Lynnerup N, Cattaneo C. The problem of aging human remains and living individuals: a review. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;193(1-3):1–13. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackman S, Buck A, Black S. Age evaluation from the skeleton. In Age estimation in the living [internet]. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2010; 202–235.
   Google Scholar
• Schmeling A, Reisinger W, Loreck D, Vendura K, Markus W, Geserick G. Effects of ethnicity on skeletal maturation: consequences for forensic age estimations. Int J Leg Med. 2000;113(5):253–258. 10.1007/s004149900102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delemarre-van de Waal HA. Environmental factors influencing growth and pubertal development. Environ Health Perspect. 1993;101(Suppl 2):39–44. 10.1289/ehp.93101s239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmeling A, Olze A, Reisinger W, Geserick G. Forensic age estimation and ethnicity. Legal Med. 2005;7(2):134–137. 10.1016/j.legalmed.2004.07.004
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gillette M, Folinsbee K. Early menarche as an alternative reproductive tactic in human females: an evolutionary approach to reproductive health issues. Evol Psychol. 2012;10(5):830–841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soliman A, De Sanctis V, Elalaily R. Nutrition and pubertal development. Indian J Endocr Metab. 2014;18(Suppl 1):S39–S47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yum T, Lee S, Kim Y. Association between precocious puberty and some endocrine disruptors in human plasma. J Environ Sci Health Part A. 2013;48(8):912–917. 10.1080/10934529.2013.762734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher M, Eugster E. What is in our environment that effects puberty? Reprod Toxicol. 2014;44:7–14. 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AHRC. An age of uncertainty: Inquiry into the treatment of individuals suspected of people smuggling offences who say that they are children. In Commission AHR, editor. Canberra 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Greulich W, Pyle S. Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wrist. 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press; 1959.
   Google Scholar
• DeSilva R, Flavel A, Franklin D. Estimation of sex from the metric assessment of digital hand radiographs in a Western Australian population. Forensic Sci Int. 2014;244: 314.e1–e7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin D, Cardini A, Flavel A, Kuliukas A, Marks M, Hart R, O’Higgins P. Concordance of traditional osteometric and volume-rendered MSCT interlandmark cranial measurements. Int J Leg Med. 2013;127(2):505–520. 10.1007/s00414-012-0772-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggio A, Flavel A, Hart R, Franklin D. Skeletal age estimation in a contemporary Western Australian population using the Tanner-Whitehouse method. Forensic Sci Int. 2016;263:e1–e8. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). National statement on ethical conduct in human research; 2014 [cited 2015 Feb 15]. Available from: http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines/publications/e72.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. Ancestry: Australian bureau of statistics; 2012 [cited 2015 Feb 15]. Available from: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/lookup/2071.0main+features902012-2013.
   Google Scholar
• Landis J, Koch G. An application of hierarchical Kappa-type statistics in the assessment of majority agreement among multiple observers. Biometrics. 1977;33(2):363–374. 10.2307/2529786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paxton M, Lamont A, Sitwell A. The reliability of the Greulich-Pyle method in bone age determination among Australian children. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2013;57(1):21–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradi M, Sirous M, Morovatti P. The reliability of skeletal age determination in an Iranian sample using Greulich and Pyle method. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;223: 372.e1–e4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Büken B, Şafak A, Yazıcı B, Büken E, Mayda A. Is the assessment of bone age by the Greulich-Pyle method reliable at forensic age estimation for Turkish children? Forensic Sci Int. 2007;173:146–153. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.02.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos C, Ferreira M, Alves F, Cunha E. Comparative study of Greulich and Pyle Atlas and Maturos 4.0 program for age estimation in a Portuguese sample. Forensic Sci Int. 2011;212(1): 276.e1–e2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynnerup N, Belard E, Buch-Olsen K, Sejrsen B, Damgaard-Pedersen K. Intra- and interobserver error of the Greulich–Pyle method as used on a Danish forensic sample. Forensic Sci Int.179(2): 242.e1–e6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patil S, Parchand M, Meshram M, Kamdi N. Applicability of Greulich and Pyle skeletal age standards to Indian children. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;216: 200.e1–e4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuoka H, Sato K, Sugihara S, Murata M. Bone maturation reflects the secular trend in growth. Horm Res Paediatr. 1999;52(3):125–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown T, Grave K. Skeletal maturation in Australian Aborigines. Aus Pediatr J. 1976;12:24–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WHO. World health statistics 2016: monitoring health for the SDGs sustainable development goals. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Franklin D, Flavel A, Noble J, Swift L, Karkhanis S. Forensic age estimation in living individuals: methodological considerations in the context of medico-legal practice. Res Rep Forensic Med Sci. 2015;5:53–66. 10.2147/RRFMS
   Google Scholar