Gender and the Biological Sciences

References

• Work on this project was supported by a grant from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council for which I am grateful. I would also like to thank J.R. Brown and Alison Wylie for useful discussions during the project's early days and my sister Peggy Okruhlik for making its completion possible. 1his paper results in part from amalgamating two earlier typescripts that circulated widely. The first was called' A Locus of Values in Science' and dates from 1984; the second, ‘Gender Ideology and Science,’ was first drafted in 1988.
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• Tuana , Nancy , ed. 1989 . Feminism and Science 172 – 87 . Bloomington : Indiana University Press . The Biology and Gender Study Group, ‘Importance of Feminist Critiques for Contemporary Cell Biology,’ in
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• Darwin , Charles . 1871 . The Descent of Man Edited by: Hubbard , Ruth , Sue Henifin , Mary and Fried , Barbara . 17 – 45 . Cambridge , MA : Schenkman . Cited by Ruth Hubbard in ‘Have Only Men Evolved?’ in Biological Woman: The Convenient Myth, 1982)
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• Longino , Helen and Doell , Ruth . 1983 . ‘Body, Bias, and Behavior: A Comparative Analysis of Reasoning in Two Areas of Biological Science,’ . Signs , 9 : 206 – 27 .
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• Fausto-Sterling , Anne . 1985 . Myths of Gender: Biological Theories About Women and Men New York : Basic Books .
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• Schiebinger , Londa . 1989 . The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science 189 – 213 . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
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• Ibid., 191
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• 1990 . The Politics of Women's Biology New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press . See
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• Harding , Sandra . 1986 . The Science Question in Feminism Ithaca , NY : Cornell University Press . See also S. Harding, Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking From Women's Lives (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 1991).
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• Bloor , David . 1976 . Knowledge and Social Imagery London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
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• Laudan , Larry . 1984 . Science and Value 68 – 70 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
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• 1985 . PSA 1984 , 2 See, for example, ‘Primatology Is Politics by Other Means,’ (East Lansing, MI: Philosophy of Science Association.
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• Longino , Helen . 1990 . Science as Social Knowledge Princeton : Princeton University Press . See
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• Glymour , Clark . 1980 . Theory and Evidence Princeton : Princeton University Press .
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• Ibid., 151
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• Harvey , E. and Okruhlik , K. , eds. 1991 . Women and Reason Ann Arbor , MI : University of Michigan Press . The argument in this section was also sketched in my essay, ‘Birth of a New Physics or Death of Nature?’ in
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