1,315
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A Metacognitive Model of Writing: An Update From a Developmental Perspective

References

  • Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Baker, L, & Brown, A. (1984). Metacognitive skills and reading. In P. D. Pearson (Ed.), Understanding reading comprehension (pp. 21–44). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays by M. M. Bakhtin (M. Holquist, Trans.). Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Bates, E. (1976). Language and context: The acquisition of pragmatics. New York: Academic Press.
  • Bloodgood, J. W. (1999). What’s in a name? Children’s name writing and literacy acquisition. Reading Research Quarterly, 34, 342–367. doi:10.1598/RRQ.34.3.5
  • Both-de Vries, A. C., & Bus, A. G. (2008). Name writing: A first step to phonetic writing? Literacy Teaching and Learning, 12, 37–55.
  • Bracewell, R. J. (1983). Investigating the control of writing skills. In P. Mosenthal, L. Tamor, & S. A. Walmsley (Eds.), Research on writing: Principles and methods (pp. 177–201). Albany: State University of New York.
  • Brenneman, K., Massey, C., Machado, S. F., & Gelman, R. (1996). Young children’s plans differ for writing and drawing. Cognitive Development, 11, 397–419. doi:10.1016/S0885-2014(96)90011-8
  • Bruer, J. T. (1993). Schools for thought. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
  • Cantor, N., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1987). Personality and social intelligence. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1991). Self-regulation and the self. In J. Strauss, & G. R. Goethals (Eds.), The Self: Interdisciplinary approaches (pp. 168–207). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  • Chomsky, C. (1971). Write first, read later. Childhood Education, 47, 296–299. doi:10.1080/00094056.1971.10727281
  • Chomsky, C. (1979). The acquisition of syntax in children from 5 to 10. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. doi:10.2307/1162190
  • Conant, R. C., & Ashby, W. R. (1970). Every good regulator of a system must be a model of that system. International Journal of Systems Science, 1, 89–97. doi:10.1080/00207727008920220
  • Conway, M. A. (2005). Memory and the self. Journal of Memory and Language, 53, 594–628. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2005.08.005
  • Cox, B. E. (1994). Young children’s regulatory talk: Evidence of emergent metacognitive control over literary products and processes. In R. Ruddell, M. Ruddell, & H. Singer (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (pp. 733–756). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
  • Durán, L. (2017). Audience and bilingual writers: Building on strengths. Journal of Literacy Research, 49, 92–114. doi:10.1177/1086296X16683420
  • Elbow, P. (1993). The war between reading and writing—and how to end it. Rhetoric Review, 12, 5–24. doi:10.1080/07350199309389024
  • Elbow, P. (2004). Writing first! Educational Leadership, 62, 9–13.
  • Elliott, E. S., & Dweck, C. S. (1988). Goals: An approach to motivation and achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 5–12.
  • Ericsson, K. & Simon, H. (1993). Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: MIT Press.
  • Fayol, M, Alamargot, M. D., & Berninger, V. (2012). Translation of thought to written text while composing: Advancing theory, knowledge, research methods, tools, and applications. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
  • Flavell, J. H. (1971). First discussant’s comments: What is memory development the development of? Human Development, 14, 272–278. doi:10.1159/000271221
  • Flower, L. (1994). The construction of negotiated meaning, a social cognitive theory of writing. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Freyd, P., & Lytle, J. H. (1990). A corporate approach to the 2 R’s: A critique of IBM’s writing to read program. Educational Leadership, 47, 83–89.
  • Funderburk, C. (1986). A review of research in children’s writing. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. ERIC document ED 280 063.
  • Gerken, L, Balcomb, F. K., & Minton, J. L. (2011). Infants avoid “labouring in vain” by attending more to learnable than unlearnable linguistic patterns. Developmental Science, 14, 972–979. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01046.x
  • Geurten, M., & Willems, S. (2016). Metacognition in early childhood: Fertile ground to understand memory development? Child Development Perspectives, 10, 263–268. doi:10.1111/cdep.12201
  • Gibson, E. J., & Levin, H. (1980). The psychology of reading. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Gilbert, J., & Graham, S. (2010). Teaching writing to elementary students in grades 4-6: A national survey. Elementary School Journal, 110, 494–518. doi:10.1086/651193
  • Gombert, J. E. (1993). Metacognition, metalanguage and metapragmatics. International Journal of Psychology, 28, 571–580. doi:10.1080/00207599308246942
  • Graham, S., & Hebert, M. (2010). Writing to read: Evidence for how writing can improve reading. New York, NY: Carnegie Corporation.
  • Graves, D. (1994). A fresh look at writing. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
  • Griffith, P. L., Beach, S. A., Ruan, J, & Dunn, L. (2008). Literacy for young children: A guide for early childhood educators. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
  • Hacker, D. J. (1997). Comprehension monitoring of written discourse across early-to- middle adolescence. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 9, 207–240. doi:10.1023
  • Hacker, D. J. (2004). Self-regulated comprehension during normal reading. In R. B. Ruddell & N. Unrau (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (5th ed., pp. 775–779). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
  • Hacker, D. J., Keener, M. C., & Kircher J. C. (2009). Writing is applied metacognition. In D. J. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Handbook of metacognition in education (pp. 154–172). New York, NY: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203876428.ch9
  • Hacker, D. J., Keener, M. C., & Kircher, J. D. (2017). TRAKTEXT: Investigating writing processes using eyetracking technology. Methodological Innovations, 10, 1–18. doi:10.1177/2059799116689574
  • Harris, R. (1986). The origins of writing. London, UK: Duckworth.
  • Harris, R. (2000). Rethinking writing. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Hayes, J. R. (1996). A new framework for understanding cognition and affect in writing. In C. M. Levy & S. Ransdell (Eds.), The science of writing: Theories, methods, individual differences, and applications (pp. 1–27). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Hayes, J. R., & Flower, L. (1980). Identifying the organization of writing processes. In L. Gregg & E. R. Steinberg (Eds.), Cognitive processes in writing (pp. 3–30). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Hembacher, E., & Ghetti, S. (2014). Don’t look at my answer. Subjective uncertainty underlies preschoolers’ exclusion of their least accurate memories. Psychological Science, 25, 1768–1776. doi:10.1177/0956797614542273
  • Homer, B. D. & Olson, D. R. (1999). The role of literacy in children’s concept of word. Written Language and Literacy, 2, 113–137.
  • Jacobs, G. M. (2004). A classroom investigation of the growth of metacognitive awareness in kindergarten children through the writing process. Early Childhood Education Journal, 32, 17–23. doi:10.1023/B:ECEJ.0000039639.70536.13
  • Jalango, M. R. (2000). Early childhood language arts (2nd ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • James, S. L. (1978). Effects of listeners’ age and situation on the politeness of children’s directive. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 7, 307–317. doi:10.1007/BF01068112
  • Kamawar, D., & Homer, B. D. (2000). Internal and external notions of metarepresentation: A Developmental perspective. In J. W. Astington (Ed.), Minds in the making: Essays in honor of David R. Olson (pp. 197–211). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  • Kane, F. (1982). Thinking, drawing, writing, reading. Childhood Education, 58, 292–297. doi:10.1080/00094056.1982.10520534
  • Kellogg, R. (1969). Analyzing children’s art. Palo Alto, CA: National Press Books.
  • Kellogg, R. T. (1994). The psychology of writing (pp. 3–24). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Kluwe, R. H. (1982). Cognitive knowledge and executive control: Metacognition. In D. R. Griffin (Ed.), Animal mind—Human mind (pp. 201–224). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68469-2_12
  • Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Larkin, S. (2009). Socially mediated metacognition and learning to write. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 4, 149–159. doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2009.09.003
  • Leonard, L. B., & Reid L. (1979). Children’s judgments of utterance appropriateness. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 22, 500–515. doi:10.1044/jshr.2203.500
  • Lipowski, S. L., Merriman, W. E., & Dunlosky, J. (2013). Preschooler can make highly accurate judgments of learning. Developmental Psychology, 49, 1505–1516. doi:10.1037/a0030614
  • Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41, 954–969.
  • Marschack, A. (1991). Roots of civilization: The cognitive beginnings of man’s first art, symbol, and notation. Mount Kisco, NY: Moyer Bell. (Original work published 1971)
  • Menyuk, P. (1985). Wherefore metalinguistic skills? A commentary on Bialystok and Ryan. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 31, 253–259.
  • National Center for Education Statistics (2002). National assessment of educational progress. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences.
  • National Center for Education Statistics (2011). National assessment of educational progress. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences.
  • Nelson, T. O. (1996). Consciousness and metacognition. American Psychologist, 51, 102–116. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.51.2.102
  • Nelson, T. O., & Narens, L. (1990). Metamemory: A theoretical framework and some new findings. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (pp. 125–173). New York, NY: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60053-5
  • Nelson, T. O., & Narens, L. (1992). Metamemory: A theoretical framework and new findings. In T. O. Nelson (Ed.), Metacognition: Core readings (pp. 117–129). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1973). Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Nystrand, M. (1989). A social-interactive model of writing. Written Communication, 6, 66–85. doi:10.1177/0741088389006001005
  • Olson, D. R. (1994). The world on paper. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ong, W. J. (1982). Orality and literacy. London, UK: Methuen.
  • Pajares, F. (2003). Self-efficacy beliefs and achievement in writing: A review of the literature. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 19, 139–158. doi:10.1080/10573560308222
  • Postma, A. (2000). Detection of errors during speech production: A review of speech monitoring models. Cognition, 77, 97–131. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00090-1
  • Pressley, M., & Afflerback, P. (1995). Verbal protocols of reading: The nature of constructively responsive reading. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Reder, L. M., & Schunn, C. D. (1996). Metacognition does not imply awareness: Strategy choice is goverened by implicit learning and memory. In L. M. Reder (Ed.), Implicit memory and metacognition (pp. 45–77). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Reeder, K. (2001). Childrens’ attributions of pragmatic intentions and early literacy. In K. E Nelson, & J. Shapiro (Eds.), Children’s language, Volume 10: Developing narrative and discourse competence (pp. 143–163). New York, NY: Taylor and Francis. doi:10.1080/09658416.1997.9959913
  • Rijlaarsdam, G., & van den Bergh, H. (1996). The dynamics of composing—An agenda for research into an interactive compensatory model of writing: Many questions, some answers. In C. M. Levy & S. Ransdell (Eds.), The science of writing: Theory, methods, individual differences, and applications (pp. 107–126). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Rijlaarsdam, G., & van den Bergh, H. (2006). Writing process theory: A functional dynamic approach. In C. A. MacArthur, S. Graham, & J. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Handbook of writing research (pp. 41–53). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Roebers, C. M., & Spiess, M. (2017). The development of metacognitive monitoring and control in second graders: A short-term longitudinal study. Journal of Cognition and Development, 18, 110–128. doi:10.1080/15248372.2016.1157079
  • Rowe, D. (1994). Preschoolers as authors: Literacy learning in the social world of the classroom. Crestkoill, NJ: Hampton Press.
  • Ruan, J. (2004). Bilingual Chinese/English first-graders developing metacognition about writing. Literacy, 38, 106–112. doi:10.1111/j.0034-0472.2004.03802007.x
  • Shananhan, T. (1980). The impact of writing instruction on learning to read. Reading World, 19, 357–368. doi:10.1080/19388078009557556
  • Shatz, M., & Gelman, R. (1973). The development of communication skills: Modifications in the speech of young children as a function of listener. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 38 (5, Serial No. 152). doi:10.2307/1165783
  • Slavin, R. (1991). Reading effects of IBM’s “Writing to Read” program: A review of evaluations. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 13, 1–11.
  • Sowers, S. (1985). Learning to write in a workshop: A study of grade one through four. In M. Farr (Ed.), Advances in writing research, Volume 1: Children’s early writing development (pp. 297–342). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
  • Spillman, C. V., & Lutz, J. P. (1986). A writing to read philosophy. Childhood Education, 62, 265–268.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (1986). A triarchic theory of intellectual giftedness. In R. J. Sternberg, & J. E. Davidson (Eds.), Conceptions of giftedness (pp. 223–243). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stude, J. (2007). The acquisition of metapragmatic abilities in preschool children. In W. Bublitz & A. Hubler (Eds.), Pragmatics in use (pp. 199–220). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins. doi:10.1075/pbns.165.13stu
  • Sulzby, E. (1986). Writing and reading: Signs of oral and written language organization in the young child. In W. Teal, & S. Sulzby (Eds.), Emergent literacy: Writing and reading (pp. 50–89). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
  • Teale, W. H. (1988). Developmentally appropriate assessment of reading and writing in the early childhood classroom. The Elementary School Journal, 89, 173–183. doi:10.1086/461571
  • Tolchinsky, L. (2006). The emergence of writing. In C. A. MacArthur, S. Graham, & J. Fitzgeral (Eds.), Handbook of writing research (pp. 83–95). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Torrance, N., & Olson, D. R. (1985). Oral and literate competencies in the early school years. In D. R. Olson, N. Torrance, & A. Hildyard (Eds.), Literacy, language, and learning: The nature and consequences of reading and writing (pp. 256–284). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Troia, G. A., Shankland, R. K., & Wolbers, K. A. (2012). Motivation research in writing: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 28, 5–28. doi:10.1080/10573569.2012.632729
  • van Kleeck, A. (1984). Metalinguistic skills: Cutting across spoken and written language and problem-solving abilities. In G. P. Wallach & K. G. Butlers (Eds.), Language learning disabilities in school-age children (pp. 128–153). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
  • Veenman, M. V. J., Van Hout-Wolters, B. M. A. M., & Afflerbach, P. (2006). Metacognition and learning: Conceptual and methodological considerations. Metacognition and Learning, 1, 3–14. doi:10.1007/s11409-006-6893-0
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). The mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes (M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Originally published posthumously in a collection of essays entitled Mental Development of Children and the Process of Learning, 1935)
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1986). Thought and language (A. Kozulin, Trans. & Ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (Original work published 1934)
  • Wimmer, H., & Perner, J. (1983). Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children’s understanding of deception. Cognition, 13, 103–128. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5
  • Witte, S. P. (1992). Context, text, intertext: Toward a constructivist semiotic of writing. Written Communication, 9, 237–308. doi:10.1177/0741088392009002003
  • Wollman-Bonilla, J. E. (2001). Can first-grade writers demonstrate audience awareness? Reading Research Quarterly, 36, 184–201. doi:10.1598/RRQ.36.2.4
  • Zepeda-de-Kane, F. (1978). The stimulus effect of graphic representation on the oral composition of kindergarten children as related to sex, race and socioeconomic status (Doctoral dissertation). University of Florida, Gainesville.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.