China’s Outward Investment under “Hierarchical Steering” and “Grassroots Internationalisation”

References

• Bramall, C. 2003. “Path Dependency and Growth in Rural China since 1978.” Asian Business & Management 2 (3): 301–321.
   Google Scholar
• Bräutigam, D., and X. Tang. 2014. “‘Going Global in Groups’: Structural Transformation and China’s Special Economic Zones Overseas.” World Development 63: 78–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley, P., J. Clegg, A. Cross, X. Liu, H. Voss, and P. Zheng. 2007. “The Determinants of Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment.” Journal of International Business Studies 38 (4): 499–518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, J., and C. Liu. 2002. “FDI in the Development Strategy of Jiangsu Province.” China Report 38 (4): 491–502.
   Google Scholar
• Ceng, C. 2010. “‘Zouchuqu’ qiye shuishou zhengguan nengli tisheng de lujing xuanze – yi Jiangsu weili” [Choosing the Path of Improving Tax Collection and Management of Enterprises ‘Going Abroad’ – The Case of Jiangsu]. Guoji shuishou [International Taxation in China], 59–63. Accessed January 25, 2019. http://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper/show?paperid=3e875b0a78128cf52fd54c3d775c6dde&site=xueshu_se.
   Google Scholar
• Cheung, K.-Y., and L. Ping. 2004. “Spillover Effects of FDI on Innovation in China: Evidence from the Provincial Data.” China Economic Review 15 (1): 25–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chien, S.-S., and L. Zhao. 2008. “The Kunshan Model: Learning from Taiwanese Investors.” Built Environment 34 (4): 427–443.
   Google Scholar
• Child, J., and S. Rodrigues. 2005. “The Internationalization of Chinese Firms: A Case for Theoretical Extension?” Management and Organization Review 1 (3): 381–410.
   Google Scholar
• de Jong, P., M. Greeven, and H. Ebbers. 2017. “Getting the Numbers Right on China’s Actual Overseas Investment: The Case of The Netherlands.” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 46 (1): 187–209.
   Google Scholar
• Fladrich, A. 2012. “Chinese SMEs in Prato, Italy.” In Chinese International Investments, edited by I. Allon, M. Fetscherin, and P. Gugler, 234–256. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Fornes, G., and A. Butt-Philip. 2014. “Chinese Outward Investments to Emerging Markets: Evidence from Latin America.” European Business Review 26 (6): 494–513.
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher, K., and A. Irwin. 2014. “Exporting National Champions: China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment Finance in Comparative Perspective.” China & World Economy 22 (6): 1–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• General Office of the Government of Jiangsu Province. 2014. Sheng Zhengfu guanyu qiang zhua ‘yidai yilu’ jianshe jiyu jinyibu zuo hao jingwai touzi gongzuo de yijian [Opinions of the Provincial Government on Seizing the Opportunities for Constructing the “Belt and Road” and Improving the Work on Overseas Investment]. Nanjing: General Office of the Government of Jiangsu Province. Accessed March 5, 2021. http://www.ks.gov.cn/kss/gnzc/201910/7c28ac659d0c4c1c8521b1e137e05c97.shtml.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Vicente, R. 2012. “Mapping Chinese Mining Investment in Latin America: Politics or Market?” The China Quarterly 209: 35–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government of Jiangsu Province. 1986. Jiangsu Sheng Renmin Zhengfu guanyu guli waishang touzi de ruogan guiding [Several Provisions of the People's Government of Jiangsu Province on Encouraging Foreign Investment]. Nanjing: Government of Jiangsu Province. Accessed September 29, 2021. https://baike.baidu.com/reference/16413448/54376HY6kNOxtulRzvlK6xB_8xChodAh1A4YFJ6eKfjMGmAjWhVSOG7Q56i-YWgJGsRaWGtnRVPFOSIP5nVxCBIUlgMSRAWA_gAXoZXuhNhVJlq5n8qN_A.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Jiangsu Province. 2001. Jiangsu Sheng guomin jingji he shehui fazhan di-shi ge wunian jihua gangyao [Outline of Jiangsu’s 10th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development]. Nanjing: Government of Jiangsu Province. Accessed July 15, 2021. http://www.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2001/3/14/art_33668_6414977.html.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Jiangsu Province. 2006. Jiangsu Sheng guomin jingji he shehui fazhan di-shiyi ge wunian guihua gangyao [Outline of Jiangsu’s 11th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development]. Nanjing: Government of Jiangsu Province. Accessed July 15, 2021. http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-07/10/content_331851.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Jiangsu Province. 2011. Jiangsu Sheng guomin jingji he shehui fazhan di-shi’er ge wunian guihua gangyao [Outline of Jiangsu’s 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development]. Nanjing: Government of Jiangsu Province. Accessed July 15, 2021. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/dfpd/js/2011-03/22/content_12210168.htm#.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Jiangsu Province. 2016a. Jiangsu Sheng Zhengfu Bangongting guanyu jiakuai tuijin quan sheng jianzhu qiye “zouchuqu” fazhan de shishi yijian [Implementation Opinions of the General Office of the Jiangsu Provincial Government on Promoting the Development of the Whole Province’s Construction Enterprises in “Going Global”]. Nanjing: Government of Jiangsu Province. Accessed September 24, 2021. http://www.js.gov.cn/art/2016/4/12/art_46637_2556054.html.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Jiangsu Province. 2016b. Jiangsu Sheng guomin jingji he shehui fazhan di- shisan ge wunian guihua gangyao [Outline of Jiangsu’s 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development]. Nanjing: Government of Jiangsu Province. Accessed September 22, 2021. https://www.un-page.org/files/public/provincial_adoption_of_the_national_five-year_plan.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Jiangsu Province. 2019. “Yidai Yilu” Jiangsu jianzhuye zouchuqu xinwen fabu hui [Press Conference on the “One Belt One Road” and Jiangsu’s Construction Industry Going Global]. Nanjing: Government of Jiangsu Province. Accessed September 24, 2021. http://www.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2019/11/15/art_46548_158.html.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Jiangsu Province. 2021. Jiangsu Sheng guomin jingji he shehui fazhan di- shisi ge wunian guihua gangyao he er ling sanwu nian yuanjing mubiao gangyao [Outline of Jiangsu’s 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives for 2035]. Nanjing: Government of Jiangsu Province. Accessed July 15, 2021. http://www.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2021/3/2/art_46143_9684719.html.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Zhejiang Province. 2001a. Zhejiang Sheng guomin jingji he shehui fazhan di- shi ge wunian jihua gangyao [Outline of Zhejiang’s 10th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development]. Hangzhou: Development and Reform Commission of Zhejiang Province. Accessed July 15, 2021. http://www.zj.gov.cn/art/2021/6/18/art_1229540823_4667030.html.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Zhejiang Province. 2001b. Zhejiang Sheng Renmin Zhengfu guanyu jiakuai shishi ‘zouchuqu’ zhanlüe de yijian [Opinions of the People’s Government of Zhejiang Province on Speeding up the Implementation of the ‘Go Global’ Strategy]. Hangzhou: General Office of the Government of Zhejiang Province. Accessed July 15, 2021. http://www.zj.gov.cn/art/2001/10/9/art_1229017138_64013.html.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Zhejiang Province. 2006. Zhejiang Sheng guomin jingji he shehui fazhan di- shiyi ge wunian jihua gangyao [Outline of Zhejiang’s 11th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development]. Hangzhou: Development and Reform Commission of Zhejiang Province. Accessed July 15, 2021. http://www.zj.gov.cn/art/2021/6/18/art_1229540823_4667029.html.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Zhejiang Province. 2011a. Zhejiang Sheng Renmin Zhengfu guanyu tongchou shengnei fazhan he duiwai kaifang jiakuai shishi zouchuqu zhanlüe de yijian [Opinions of the People’s Government of Zhejiang Province on Planning the Provincial Development and the Opening to the World to Speed up the Implementation of the Go Global Strategy]. Hangzhou: General Office of the Government of Zhejiang Province. Accessed September 24, 2021. https://www.zj.gov.cn/art/2012/7/14/art_1229019364_63290.html.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Zhejiang Province. 2011b. Zhejiang Sheng guomin jingji he shehui fazhan di- shi’er ge wunian guihua gangyao [Outline of Zhejiang’s 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development]. Hangzhou: Development and Reform Commission of Zhejiang Province. Accessed July 15, 2021. http://www.zj.gov.cn/art/2021/6/18/art_1229540820_4667005.html.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Zhejiang Province. 2016. Zhejiang Sheng guomin jingji he shehui fazhan di- shisan ge wunian guihua gangyao [Outline of Zhejiang’s 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development]. Hangzhou: Development and Reform Commission of Zhejiang Province. Accessed July 15, 2021. http://www.zj.gov.cn/art/2021/6/18/art_1229540817_4666972.html.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Zhejiang Province. 2021. Zhejiang Sheng guomin jingji he shehui fazhan di- shisi ge wunian guihua he er ling sanwu nian yuanjing mubiao gangyao [Outline of Zhejiang’s 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives for 2035]. Accessed July 15, 2021. http://www.zj.gov.cn/art/2021/2/5/art_1229463129_59083059.html.
   Google Scholar
• Hang, Y. 2011. “Zhejiang zhongxiao minying qiye ‘baotuan’ guojihua tujing tantao. [Discussion of Measures for Zhejiang’s SMEs to Go Abroad ‘in Groups’].” Journal of Hangzhou Dianzi University 7 (1): 21–24.
   Google Scholar
• He, C., X. Xie, and S. Zhu. 2015. “Going Global: Understanding China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment from Motivational and Institutional Perspectives.” Post-Communist Economies 27 (4): 448–471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilmann, S., and E. Perry. 2011. “Embracing Uncertainty: Guerrilla Policy Style and Adaptive Governance in China.” In Mao’s Invisible Hand: The Political Foundations of Adaptive Governance in China, edited by S. Heilmann, and E. Perry, 1–29. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hertenstein, P., D. Sutherland, and J. Anderson. 2017. “Internationalization within Networks: Exploring the Relationship between Inward and Outward FDI in China’s Auto Components Industry.” Asia Pacific Journal of Management 34 (1): 69–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, S., P. Bowles, and X. Dong. 2003. “‘Letting Go of the Small’: An Analysis of the Privatisation of Rural Enterprises in Jiangsu and Shandong.” Journal of Development Studies 39 (4): 1–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, X., and C. Renyong. 2014. “Outward Foreign Direct Investment: Does Firm Ownership and Size Matter?” Thunderbird International Business Review 56 (5): 393–406.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, Y. 2009. “Private Ownership: The Real Source of China’s Economic Miracle.” The McKinsey Quarterly 1: 149–155.
   Google Scholar
• Jiangsu Bureau of Statistics, and Jiangsu Research Unit of the National Bureau of Statistics. 2011–2017. Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
   Google Scholar
• JMPT. 2019. “About Us.” Accessed January 26, 2019. http://www.000700.com/en/about.asp.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, L., and J. Zeng. 2019. “Understanding China’s ‘Belt and Road Initiative’: Beyond ‘Grand Strategy’ to a State Transformation Analysis.” Third World Quarterly 40 (8): 1415–1439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joyson Electronics. 2020. “About Joyson Electronic.” Accessed December 23, 2020. http://en.joyson.cn/index.php?a=lists&catid=103.
   Google Scholar
• Jungbluth, C. 2014. Going Global. Die internationale Expansion chinesischer Unternehmen [Going Global. The International Expansion of Chinese Companies]. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
   Google Scholar
• Kostka, G., and W. Hobbs. 2012. “Local Energy Efficiency Policy Implementation in China: Bridging the Gap between National Priorities and Local Interests.” The China Quarterly 211: 765–785.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Köth, C.-P., and C. Otto. 2017. “Joyson Group. Der Takata-Käufer im Profil” [Profile of the Takata Buyer]. Automobil Industrie, June 28. Accessed August 7, 2020. https://www.automobil-industrie.vogel.de/joyson-gruppe-der-takata-kaeufer-im-profil-a-620129/.
   Google Scholar
• Landry, P. F. 2008. Decentralized Authoritarianism in China: The Communist Party’s Control of Local Elites in the post-Mao Era. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, C.-Y. 2012. Taiwanese Business or Chinese Security Asset: A Changing Pattern of Interaction between Taiwanese Businesses and Chinese Governments. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Li, M. 2014. “Local Liberalism: China’s Provincial Approaches to Relations with Southeast Asia.” Journal of Contemporary China 23 (86): 275–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M. 2019. “China’s Economic Power in Asia: The Belt and Road Initiative and the Local Guangxi Government’s Role.” Asian Perspective 43 (2): 273–295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., L. Cui, and J. Lu. 2014. “Varieties in State Capitalism: Outward FDI Strategies of Central and Local State-Owned Enterprises from Emerging Economy Countries.” Journal of International Business Studies 45 (8): 980–1004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y. 2019. “Die Chinatowns in Paris und London des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts. Analyse und Vergleich repräsentativer Beispiele in Europa [The Chinatowns in Paris and London during the 20th and 21st Centuries. Analysis and Comparison of Representative Examples in Europe]. Unpublished PhD thesis, Universität Stuttgart.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Z., and J. Zheng. 2013. Conflict and Harmony: Development in the Yangtze River Delta. Singapore: Enrich Professional Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Live, Y.-S. 1995. “Les Chinois de Paris: Groupes, Quartiers et Réseaux” [The Chinese in Paris: Groups, Neighbourhoods and Networks]. In Le Paris des Étrangers Depuis 1945 [The Paris of Foreigners Since 1945], edited by A. Marès, and P. Milza, 343–357. Paris: Éditions de la Sorbonne.
   Google Scholar
• Luo, Y., and R. Tung. 2007. “International Expansion of Emerging Market Enterprises: A Springboard Perspective.” Journal of International Business Studies 38 (4): 481–498.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOFCOM. 2015. “China and Uzbekistan Sign Agreement on Jointly Building the Belt and Road.” Accessed January 5, 2021. http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/newsrelease/significantnews/201506/20150601016814.shtml.
   Google Scholar
• MOFCOM. 2016. 2016 Zhongguo duiwai touzi hezuo fazhan baogao [2016 Report on the Development of China’s Outward Investment and Economic Cooperation]. Beijing: Ministry of Commerce. Accessed January 26, 2019. http://data.mofcom.gov.cn/report/INVEST-2016.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• MOFCOM, NBS and SAFE. 2016. 2015 Niandu Zhongguo Duiwai Zhijie Touzi Tongji Gongbao [2015 Statistical Bulletin of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment]. Beijing: China Commerce and Trade Press.
   Google Scholar
• MOFCOM, NBS and SAFE. 2017. 2016 Niandu Zhongguo Duiwai Zhijie Touzi Tongji Gongbao [2016 Statistical Bulletin of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment]. Beijing: China Commerce and Trade Press.
   Google Scholar
• MOFCOM, NBS and SAFE. 2019. 2018 Niandu Zhongguo Duiwai Zhijie Touzi Tongji Gongbao [2018 Statistical Bulletin of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment]. Beijing: China Commerce and Trade Press.
   Google Scholar
• MOFCOM, NBS and SAFE. 2020. 2019 Niandu Zhongguo Duiwai Zhijie Touzi Tongji Gongbao [2019 Statistical Bulletin of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment]. Beijing: China Commerce and Trade Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nanjing.Gov. 2016. “Nanjing Jiangbei New Area.” Nanjing.Gov, February 2. Accessed January 26, 2019. http://english.nanjing.gov.cn/investment/keypark/201602/t20160202_3776813.html.
   Google Scholar
• NDRC. 2017. Qiye jingwai touzi guanli banfa [Administrative Measures for Enterprises’ Outbound Investment]. Beijing: National Development and Reform Commission. Accessed January 5, 2021. http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/b/g/201803/20180302719303.shtml.
   Google Scholar
• NDRC, MOFA, and MOFCOM. 2015. “Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.” Botschaft der Volksrepublik China in Deutschland, March 30. Accessed February 8, 2022. http://de.china-embassy.org/det/zt/yidaiyilude/201503/t20150330_3126178.htm.
   Google Scholar
• NDRC, MOFCOM, PBoC, and MOFA. 2017. Guanyu jinyibu yindao he guifan jingwai touzi fangxiang zhidao yijian de tongzhi guo banfa (2017) 74 hao [Notice on Further Directing and Regulating the Direction of Overseas Investments, State Council General Office (2017) No. 74]. Accessed December 9, 2021. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-08/18/content_5218665.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Nee, V., and S. Opper. 2012. Capitalism from Below. Markets and Institutional Change in China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ning, L., and D. Sutherland. 2012. “Internationalization of China’s Private-Sector MNEs: An Analysis of the Motivations for Foreign Affiliate Formation.” Thunderbird International Business Review 54 (2): 169–182.
   Google Scholar
• NPC. 2001. Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo guomin jingji he shehui fazhan di-shi ge wunian jihua gangyao [Outline of the 10th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China]. Beijing: National People’s Congress. Accessed September 24, 2021. http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2001/content_60699.htm.
   Google Scholar
• NRW.INVEST. 2014. “Chinesische Investitionen in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Publikation anlässlich des Besuchs des chinesischen Staatspräsidenten Xi Jinping am 29. März 2014 in Nordrhein-Westfalen” [Chinese Investments in North Rhine-Westphalia. Publication on the Occasion of the Visit by China’s President Xi Jinping on March 29, 2014]. NRW.INVEST. Accessed January 26, 2019. https://docplayer.org/3868440-Chinesische-investitionen-in-nordrhein-westfalen.html.
   Google Scholar
• Oi, J. 1995. “The Role of the Local State in China’s Transitional Economy.” The China Quarterly 144: 1132–1149.
   Google Scholar
• Parris, K. 1993. “Local Initiative and National Reform: The Wenzhou Model of Development.” The China Quarterly 134: 242–263.
   Google Scholar
• Qian, T., and J. Shi. 2008. “Taizhou Model: Institutional Innovation and the Development of Private Economy.” China & World Economy 16 (3): 106–119.
   Google Scholar
• Rabe, W., and G. Kostka. 2021. “Leaping over the Dragon’s Gate: The ‘Air Silk Road’ between Henan Province and Luxembourg.” The China Quarterly DOI: 10.1017/S0305741021001120.
   Google Scholar
• Rui, H., and G. Yip. 2008. “Foreign Acquisitions by Chinese Firms: A Strategic Intent Perspective.” Journal of World Business 43 (2): 213–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schüler-Zhou, Y., and M. Schüller. 2009. “The Internationalization of Chinese Companies. What Do Official Statistics Tell Us about Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment?” Chinese Management Studies 3 (1): 25–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal, A., and E. Thun. 2001. “Thinking Globally, Acting Locally: Local Governments, Industrial Sectors, and Development in China.” Politics & Society 29 (4): 557–588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, G. 1998. “Document 8. The Present State of Foreign Investment in Zhejiang and Policy Suggestions.” Chinese Economy 31 (6): 66–70.
   Google Scholar
• Shen, X. 2013. “Private Chinese Investment in Africa: Myths and Realities.” Washington, DC: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 6311. Accessed February 11, 2022. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/12174.
   Google Scholar
• Skeldon, R. 1996. “Migration from China.” Journal of International Affairs 49 (2): 434–455.
   Google Scholar
• Standing Committee of Jiangsu Provincial People’s Congress. 1986. Jiangsu Sheng jingji jishu kaifaqu guanli tiaoli [Regulations of Jiangsu Province on the Administration of Economic and Technological Development Zones]. Nanjing: Standing Committee of Jiangsu Provincial People’s Congress. Accessed September 29, 2021. http://www.asianlii.org/chi/cn/legis/js/laws/abe69fea30fe5b9c87caab1e19ff28fae70380c0/.
   Google Scholar
• Stoian, C., and A. Mohr. 2016. “Outward Foreign Direct Investment from Emerging Economies: Escaping Home Country Regulative Voids.” International Business Review 25 (5): 1124–1135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Summers, T. 2016. “China’s ‘New Silk Roads’: Sub-National Regions and Networks of Global Political Economy.” Third World Quarterly 37 (9): 1628–1643.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Summers, T. 2021. “The Belt and Road Initiative in Southwest China: Responses from Yunnan Province.” The Pacific Review 34 (2): 206–229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland, D. 2009. “Do China’s ‘National Team’ Business Groups Undertake Strategic-Asset-Seeking OFDI?” Chinese Management Studies 3 (1): 11–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland, D., and J. Anderson. 2015. “The Pitfalls of Using Foreign Direct Investment Data to Measure Chinese Multinational Enterprise Activity.” The China Quarterly 221: 21–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland, D., J.-F. Hennart, and J. Anderson. 2019. “How Does the Routing of FDI to and via Tax Havens Confound Our Understanding of Chinese MNE Identity? A Critical Review of the Empirical Literature on Chinese MNEs.” Asian Business & Management 18 (5): 337–359.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thunø, M. 1996. “L’Emigration Chinoise vers l’Europe, Sources Chinoises et Sources Européennes” [The Chinese Emigration to Europe, Chinese and European Sources]. Revue européenne des migrations internationales 12 (2): 275–296.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsai, K. 2002. Back-Alley Banking. Private Entrepreneurs in China. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• UNCTAD. 2017. World Investment Report 2017. World Investment and Digital Economy. Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Accessed January 3, 2020. https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2017_en.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Volkswagen. 2021. “Volkswagen in China – A Long Lasting Friendship.” Accessed January 5, 2021. https://www.volkswagenag.com/en/news/stories/2018/04/volkswagen-in-china-a-long-lasting-friendship.html.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, B., Y. Tan, M. Yu, and Y. Huang. 2016. “Outward Direct Investment, Firm Productivity and Credit Constraints: Evidence from Chinese Firms.” Pacific Economic Review 21 (1): 72–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C., J. Hong, M. Kafouros, and M. Wright. 2012. “Exploring the Role of Government Involvement in Outward FDI from Emerging Economies.” Journal of International Business Studies 43 (7): 655–676.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z. 2008. The Private Sector and China’s Market Development. Oxford: Chandos.
   Google Scholar
• Wei, Y. 2004. “Trajectories of Ownership Transformation in China: Implications for Uneven Regional Development.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 45 (2): 90–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, Y., and C. Fan. 2000. “Regional Inequality in China: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province.” The Professional Geographer 52 (3): 455–469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, A. 2018. “More than Peripheral: How Provinces Influence China’s Foreign Policy.” The China Quarterly 235: 735–757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, C. 1991. “Central-Local Relations in an Era of Fiscal Decline: The Paradox of Fiscal Decentralization in Post-Mao China.” The China Quarterly 128: 691–715.
   Google Scholar
• XCMG 2019. “History.” Accessed January 26, 2019. http://www.xcmg.com/en-ap/about/history.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, C. 2011. “The Fundamental Institutions of China’s Reforms and Development.” Journal of Economic Literature 49 (4): 1076–1151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, M. 2019. “Fragmentation and Mobilization: Domestic Politics of the Belt and Road in China.” Journal of Contemporary China 28 (119): 696–711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, M. 2020. The Belt Road and beyond: State-Mobilized Globalization in China: 1998-2018. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zelin, M. 1991. “The Structure of the Chinese Economy during the Qing Period: Some Thoughts on the 150th Anniversary of the Opium War.” In Perspectives on Modern China: Four Anniversaries, edited by K. Lieberthal, J. Kallgren, R. MacFarquhar, and F. Wakeman, 31–67. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
   Google Scholar
• ZGH. 2020. “Jili Fazhanshi” [Geely History]. Accessed December 23, 2020. http://zgh.com/geely-history/.
   Google Scholar
• Zhejiang Department of Commerce. 2017. 2017 nian Zhejiang Sheng minying qiye jingwai touzi yixiang cheng jiji xiangshang taishi [The Intention of Private Enterprises in Zhejiang Province to Invest Abroad Presents a Positive and Advancing Trend in the Year 2017]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Department of Commerce. Accessed January 26, 2019. http://www.zcom.gov.cn/art/2017/4/28/art_1389603_13886946.html.
   Google Scholar