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Original Articles

Capitalism's last-ditch effort to save underdeveloped agricultures

International agribusiness, the World Bank and the rural poor

Pages 56-78 | Published online: 02 Apr 2008

FOOTNOTES

  • McNamara's . 1973 . Address to the Bank's Board of Governors Nairobi
  • Feder , E. 1975 . “ The New Penetration of the Agricultures of the Underdeveloped Countries by the Industrial Nations and Their Multinational Concerns ” . In Occasional Papers , Institute of Latin American Studies, Univ. of Glasgow . No. 19
  • According to Barnett Miller's Global Reach 17 17 “the US food industry reported profits from overseas of 16.7% as compared with US profits of 11.5%. Extraordinarily high profits on relatively low overseas investment is not uncommon. In 1972, United Brands reported a 72.1%return on net assets…”
  • See the brilliant study by de Alcantara Cynthia Hewitt The Social and Economic Implications of Large-Scale Introduction of New Varieties of Food Grains in Mexico UNKISD Geneva 1974 Nov. (mimeo)
  • World Bank . February 1975 . “ Rural Development ” . In Sector Policy Paper February , 3 – 3 . 17
  • See for example the well-known article by Stavenhagen Rudolfo Siete tesis equivocades sobre America Latina La Lucha de Classes en el Campo, Fondo de Cultura Feder E. Mexico 1975
  • The following paragraphs are based in part on my Strawberry Imperialism, An enquiry into the Mecanism of Dependency in Mexican Agriculture Institute of Social Studies The Hague and some of the agribusiness literature, mainly: James E. Austin, Agribusiness in Latin America, 1974 and J. David Morrissy, Agricultural Modernisation through Production Contracting, The role of fruit and vegetable processors in Mexico and Central America, 1974.
  • See e.g. Ray A. Goldberg's foreward in Austin J.E. Agribusiness in Latin America 1974 1 f 1 f
  • Morrissy . 1974 . Agricultural Modernisation through Production Contracting, The role of fruit and vegetable processors in Mexico and Central America 44 – 44 . James E. Austin (op.cit.) cites many case studies which involuntarily demonstrate the enormous vulnerability of underdeveloped agricultural economies and the chaos introduced by overseas investments.
  • See Feder E McNamara's Little Green Revolution Economic and Political Weekly Bombay 1976 April 532 541 3 and “The New World Bank Programme for the Self Liquidation of the Third World Peasantry, The Journal of Peasant Studies, June 1976.
  • The Bank's lending in support of land reform is practically nil, Cf. The Assault on World Poverty 1976 187 261 notwithstanding the space which the Bank now devotes in its publication to the subject of reform.
  • et al. Ruestung und Unterentwicklung Rowohlt 1976 108 ff 108 ff

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