FOOTNOTES
- Examples of their works are, among many others Baran Paul A. The Political Economy of Growth Monthly Review Press New York 1957 Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1969); Robert I. Rhodes (ed.), Imperialism and Underdevelopment: A Reader (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1970); Piere Jalee, The Pillage of the Third World (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1968).
- Almond , Gabriel A. and Powell , G. Bingham Jr. 1966 . Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach , Boston : Little, Brown and Co. .
- Apter , David K. 1965 . The Politics of Modernization , 52 – 52 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press . See also his The Cold Coast in Transition (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1955) and The Political Kingdom in Uganda (Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press, 1961).
- A critical examination of the diffusionist school of literature can be found in Frank The Sociology… Pluto Press 1965 27 ff 27 ff
- See, for example Geertz Clifford The Integrative Revolution: Primordial Sentiments and Civil Politics in the New States Old Societies and New States: The Quest for Modernity in Asia and Africa Free Press of Glencoe New York 1963 in his (ed.) 105–157; Rupert Emerson. From Empire to Nation (Boston: Beacon Press, 1960).
- See, for example von Vorys Karl Democracy without Consensus: Communalism and Political Stability in Malaysia Princeton University Press Princeton, N.J. 1975 Gordon P. Means, Malaysian Politics, 2nd Edition (London: University of London Press, 1975); R.S. Milne and K.J. Ratnam, New States in a New Nation: Political Development of Sarawak and Sabah in Malaysia (London: FrankCass. 1972).
- Emerson , Rupert . 1957 . “ Foreword ” . In The New Malayan Nation: A Study of Communalism and Nationalism , Edited by: King , Frank H. v – v . New York : Institute of Pacific Relations . in
- Milne , R.S. 1967 . Government and Politics in Malaysia , 229 – 229 . Boston : Houghton Mifflin Co. .
- Milne , R.S. 1964 . “ Politics and Government ” . In Malaysia: A Survey , Edited by: Gungwu , Wang . 328 – 328 . New York : Praeger . in
- Ness , Gayl D. 1967 . Bureaucracy and Rural Development in Malaysia , 44 – 45 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
- Enloe , Cynthia H. 1973 . Ethnic Conflict and Political Development , 22 – 22 . Boston : Little, Brown and Co. .
- See Kuper Leo Political Change … Little, Brown and Co. Boston 1973 595 596 602–604
- See Gagliano Felix V. Communal Violence in Malaysia 1969: The Political Aftermath Southeast Asia Series No.13 Southeast Asia Program, Ohio University Center for International Studies Athens, Ohio 1970 2 9
- 1972 . Banchi Pendudok dan Peramahan Malaysia 1970: Gulongan Masharakat , 24 – 24 . Kuala Lumpur : Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia . (1970 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia: Community Groups)
- Keech , William K . 1972 . Linguistic Diversity and Political Conflict: Some Observations Based on Four Swiss Cantons . Comparative Politics , 4 April : 387 – 387 . 3
- See Cham B.N. Class and Communal Conflict in Malaysia Journal of Contemporary Asia 1975 5 4 446 461
- See Kee-Lian Ng ma-hua shehui shih tao-lun Wan-li Wen-hua Ch'i-yeh Kung-shi Singapore 1971 10 13 (A Guide to the Social History of the Malayan Chinese Society)
- Vlieland , C.A. 1934 . The Population of the Malay Peninsula: A Study in Human Migration . The Geographical Review , 24 ( 1 ) January : 64 – 65 .
- Emerson , Rupert . 1964 . Malaysia: A Study in Direct and Indirect Rule , 15 – 15 . Kuala Lumpur : University of Malaya Press .
- Ginsberg , Norton and Roberts , Chester F. Jr. 1958 . Malaya , 421 – 421 . Seattle : University of Washington Press .
- Emerson . 1964 . Malaysia: A Study in Direct and Indirect Rule , 15 – 15 . Kuala Lumpur : University of Malaya Press .
- Baran , Paul A. 1957 . The Political Economy of Growth , 144 – 144 . New York : Monthly Review Press .
- See Gullick J.M Indigenous Political Systems of Western Malaya Athlone Press London 1958 W.R. Koff. The Origins of Malay Nationalism (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaga Press, 1967), 1–11: R.O. Winstedt, The Malaya: A Cultural History (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., 6th ed., 1961); and B.A.R. Moklizani, “The Study of Social Stratification and Social Mobility in Malaya”, East Asian Cultural Studies, 4 (March 1965), 138–102.
- Roff , W.R. 1967 . The Origins of Malay Nationalism , 9 – 9 . Kuala Lumpur : University of Malaga Press .
- Soenarno , Radin . 1960 . Malay Nationalism, 1896–1941 . Journal of Southeast Asian History , 1 ( 1 ) March : 1 – 1 .
- Emerson . 1964 . Malaysia: A Study in Direct and Indirect Rule , 16 – 17 . Kuala Lumpur : University of Malaya Press .
- For a thoughtful discussion of this phenomenon, see Kee-lian Ng ma-hua shehui shih tao-lun Wan-li Wen-hua Ch'i-yeh Kung-shi Singapore 1971 123 144 (A Guide to the Social History of the Malayan Chinese Society)
- See Cham B.N. Toward a Malaysian Malaysia: A Study of Political Integration University of Alberta 1971 50 ff 50 ff Ph.D. Dissertation
- Baran , Paul A. 1957 . The Political Economy of Growth , 144 – 144 . New York : Monthly Review Press .
- Nehru , Jawaharlal . 1946 . Die Discovery of India , 304 – 305 . London : Meridian Hooks Ltd. .
- See Maxwell W.G. Gibson W.S. Treaties and Engagements Affecting the Malay States and Borneo Truscott London 1924 28 ff 28 ff
- See Roff The Origins of Malay Nationalism University of Malaga Press Kuala Lumpur 1967 15 24
- As quoted in Roff The Origins of Malay Nationalism University of Malaga Press Kuala Lumpur 1967 21 21 note 53
- R.J. Wilkinson's letter to the Resident-General, February 24, 1904; as quoted in Roff The Origins of Malay Nationalism University of Malaga Press Kuala Lumpur 1967 100 100
- Birch , E.W. Annual Report on Perak for 1905 12 – 12 . the Resident of Perak, reported in 1905: “As this school is exclusively for boys of gentle birth, all the surroundings should be substantial and attractive … to become an undoubted success the school should be run on the lines of an English public school.” See
- See Tilman Robert O. Bureaucratic Transition in Malaya Duke University Press Durham, N.C. 1964 102 120
- Roff . 1967 . The Origins of Malay Nationalism , 109 – 109 . Kuala Lumpur : University of Malaga Press .
- Roff . 1967 . The Origins of Malay Nationalism , 13 – 13 . Kuala Lumpur : University of Malaga Press .
- Emerson . 1964 . Malaysia: A Study in Direct and Indirect Rule , 18 – 18 . Kuala Lumpur : University of Malaya Press . and 72, note 11
- In his report to Singapore before his assassination, Birch stated that “it concerns us little what were [sic] the old customs of the country, nor do I think they were worthy of any consideration.” As quoted in Winstedt R.C. History of Malaya Royal Asiatic Society Singapore 1935 237 237
- 1905 . “ The System of Eduction in the Federated Malay States ” . In Special Reports on Educational Subjects , Great Britain Parliamentary Papers, Cd. 2379 Vol. 14 , 9 – 9 . in
- Proceedings of the Federal Council of the Federated Malay States, 1915 B67 – B67 .
- Annual address to the Federal Council by the High Commissioner Proceedings of the Federal Council of the Federated Malay States 1920 65
- Education in Malaya , Malayan Series 1924 15 – 15 . London : British Empire Exhibition .
- See Perak Government Gazette 1895 January 4
- 1906 . British Malaya , 258 – 258 . London, John Lane : The Bodley Head Ltd. .
- Birch , E.W. 1912 . The Federated Malay States . United Empire , 3 : 44 – 44 . n.s.
- Roff . 1967 . The Origins of Malay Nationalism , 123 – 124 . Kuala Lumpur : University of Malaga Press .
- Innes , J.R. 1921 . The Protectorate System in the Malay States . National Review , 78 November : 400 – 401 .
- 1933 . Report of Sir Samuel Wilson on His Visit to Malaya in 1932 12 – 12 . Cd. 4276
- See Lovat Lady Alice Life of Sir Frederick Weld London 1914 312 312
- Swettenham , Frank A. 1899 . The Real Malay , 49 – 49 . London, John Lane : The Bodley Head Ltd. .
- One of Them (identified as Abdul Majid bin Zainuddin) The Malays of Malaya Singapore 1928 94 95
- As reported in British Malaya 1930 June
- See Roff The Origins of Malay Nationalism University of Malaga Press Kuala Lumpur 1967 56 90 142–210. See also W.R. Roff, “Kaum Muda-Kaum Tua: Innovation and Reaction Amongst the Malays, 1900–1914” in K.G. Tregonning (ed.) Papers on Malayan History (Singapore: Malaya Publishing House Ltd., 1962), 162–192; Radin Soenarno, op.cit., 5–9.
- Roff . 1967 . The Origins of Malay Nationalism , Vol. 2 , 56 – 56 . Kuala Lumpur : University of Malaga Press .
- Roff . 1967 . The Origins of Malay Nationalism , Vol. 2 , 56 – 56 . Kuala Lumpur : University of Malaga Press .
- Roff . 1967 . The Origins of Malay Nationalism , Vol. 2 , 247 – 247 . Kuala Lumpur : University of Malaga Press .
- See Cham Toward a Malaysian Malaysia: A Study of Political Integration University of Alberta 1971 238 251 Ph.D. Dissertation and Ishak bin Tadin, “Dato'Onn and Malay Nationalism, 1946–1951 ”, Journal of Southeast Asian History, 1, 1 (March 1960), 56–68.
- Bauer , P.T. 1947 . Nationalism and Politics in Malaya . Foreign Affairs , 25 ( 3 ) April : 505 – 505 .
- See Lock Tan Cheng Memorandum to Sir Samuel Wilson, December 1932 Malayan Problems from a Chinese Point of View Tannsco Singapore 1947 77 77 in his See also Victor Purcell, The Chinese in Southeast Asia (London: Oxford University Press, 1965), 326.
- As quoted in Majallah Guru 1930 March 47 48
- As quoted in Majallah Guru 1931 June 42 42
- Franke , Wolfgang . 1965 . Problems of Chinese Education in Singapore and Malaya . Malaysian Journal of Education , 2 ( 2 ) December : 189 – 190 .
- Murray , Douglas P. 1964 . Chinese Education in Southeast Asia . China Quarterly , 20 October–December : 88 – 88 .
- Lock Tan Cheng A Chinese View of Malaya Three Reports on the Malayan Problem et al. Institute of Pacific Relations New York 1949 18 18 in
- Purcell , Victor . 1954 . Malaya: Communist or Free? , 249 – 249 . London : Victor Gollancz Ltd. .
- July 1947 . The Straits Times July , 4 – 4 . 25 See also Tan Cheng Lock, Malayan Problems …, op.cit., 135, 167.
- As reported in the Straits Times 1951 August 8 8 28
- As reported in the Straits Times 1952 July 5 5 1
- As reported in the Straits Times 1953 July 7 7 13
- See Cham Toward a Malaysian Malaysia: A Study of Political Integration University of Alberta 1971 333 346 Ph.D. Dissertation 361–423
- July 1969 . The Straits Times July , 5 – 5 . 7
- Cham . 1975 . Class and Communal Conflict in Malaysia . Journal of Contemporary Asia , 5 ( 4 ) : 446 – 461 . 449
- Evers , Hans-Dieter . 1973 . “ Group Conflict and Class formation in South-East Asia ” . In Modernization in South-East Asia , 128 – 128 . Kuala Lumpur : Oxford University Press . in his (ed.)
- Government of Malaysia . 1973 . Mid-Term Review of the Second Malaysian Plan 1971–1975 , Kuala Lumpur : Government Printer . see especially the attached Twenty Years Perspective Plan
- For a brief general discussion, see Cham B.N. Theories of Modernization and Indochina Southeast Asia After the Restoration of Peace in Indochina Proceedings of the 1975 Annual Conference of the Canadian Council for Southeast Studies of the Canadian Society for Asian Studies Tan K.C. 1976 70 101 in
- Government of Malaysia . 1973 . Mid-Term Review of the Second Malaysian Plan 1971–1975 , Kuala Lumpur : Government Printer .