FOOTNOTES
- Among the earlier writers on the process of capital accumulation on a world-scale see Bukharin Nicolai Imperialism and World Economy Howard Fertig New York 1966 especially Parts I and III; Rosa Luxemburg, The Accumulation of Capital (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963), especially Section 3, “The historical conditions of accumulation”; V.I. Lenin, Imperialism: Vie Highest Stage of Capitalism (New York: International Publishers, 1939). During the 1920s and 1930s, with the growth of Stalinism and nationalism, the world-historic approach virtually disappeared, re-emerging in the 1960s and 1970s. An excellent account of the degeneration of the communist movement can be found in Fernando Claudin, The Communist Movement: From Comin-term to Cominform (New York: Monthly Review, 1975). Among the contemporary workswhich are relevant, see Ernest Mandel, Marxist Economic Theory (New York:Monthly Review 1968), especially Vol.1, Ch.4 and Vol.11, Ch.13; Ernest Mandel, Late Capitalism (London: New Left Books, 1975), Chs. 2 and 1l; SamirAmin, Accumulation on a World Scale (New York: Monthly Review, 1974), a summary statement of Amin's model can be found in “Accumulation and development: a theoretical model”, Review of African Political Economy, No.1, pp.9–26; Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (New York: Monthly Review, 1969); I. Wallerstein, The Modern World-System (New York: Academic Press, 1973); Roger Owen and Bob Sutcliffe (eds.), Studies in the Theory of Imperialism (London: Longman, 1972); Paul Sweezy, The Theory of Capitalist Development (New York: Monthly Review, 1956), see especially Part II on the accumulation process and Part 4 on imperialism; Pierre Jalee, The Pillage of the Third World (New York: Monthly Review, 1968).
- See Marx Karl Engels Frederick On Colonialism International Publishers New York 81 87 especially pages Saul Padover (ed.), Karl Marx on Revolution (New York: McGraw Hill, 1971).
- On the revolutionary possibilities involved in uneven development see Trotsky Leon Permanent Revolution Gupta Rahmanand Gupta Calcutta 1947 V.I. Lenin, Development of Capitalism in Russia in Collected Works. Vol.3(Foreign Languages: Moscow, 1960); Jean Chesneaux, The Chinese LaborMovement 1919–1927 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1968).
- See Moore Barrington Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy Beacon Press Boston 1966 The same terminology is found in Cyril Black, Comparative Modernization (New York: Free Press) and John Karitsky, Political Consequences of Modernization (New York: John Wiley, 1972).
- The classic position separating war from the development of capitalism is foundin Schumpeter Joseph Imperialism and Social Classes Meridian New York 1955
- On the waves of repression in China in the 1920s see Chesneaux The Chinese LaborMovement 1919–1927 Stanford University Press Stanford 1968
- ”The dependency perspective is fully presented in Dependence and Underdevelopment in the New World and the Old Social and Economic Studies March 1973 22 1
- Tor Russia see Rabinowitch Alexander The Bolsheviks Come to Power Norton New York 1976
- A critique of the level of “productive forces” as determinants of revolution is implicit in Lenin V.I. State and Revolution Internation Publishers New York 1932 Leon Trotsky, 1905 (New York: Vintage Books, 1972); Charles Bettelheim, Class Struggles in the USSR, First Period 1917–1923 (New York: Monthly Review, 1976).
- Despite variations in emphasis and in the agencies of diffusion, the following modernization theorists follow the schema: Lerner Daniel The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East The Free Press New York 1964 W.W. Rostow, Politics and the Stages of Growth (London: Cambridge Univeristy Press 1972); David Apter, The Politics of Modernization (Chicago: Univeristy of Chicago Press, 1965).
- A discussion of the contribution of petty commodity producers to capitalist production is found in Stavenhagen Social Classes in Agrarian Societies op.cit., O. LeBrun and C. Gerry, op.cit.; NACLA, Guatemala, op.cit.; Wolpe, op.cit.; and Mamdani, op.cit.
- On the mechanism of surplus extraction in Latin America see Frank Andre Gunder Latin America: Underdevelopment or Revolution Monthly Review Press New York On Africa, see Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (Bogle: L'Ouverture Publications London, 1972). The most influential account has been Paul Baran, The Political Economy of Growth (New York: Prometheus Books, 1960).
- The repetitive use of force accompanying US expansion in the 19th century can be found in LaFeber Walter The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansion 1860–1890 Cornell University Press Ithaca 1969
- Trotsky , Leon . The History of the Russian Revolution , Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press . No.I, especially Chapters 1–3, 9–11, 13, 20–22.
- Carr , E.H. 1966 . The Bolshevik Revolution , Baltimore : Penguin Books . see Part I and Part II of Vol.1.
- The conspiratorial account can be found in Schapiro Leonard The Origins of the Communist Autocracy Harvard University Press Cambridge 1955 Merle lainsod, How Russia is Ruled (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1955–57).
- Isaacs , Harold . The Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution , Stanford : Stanford University Press . Jean Chesneaux, Peasant Revolts in China 1840–1949 (London: Norton, 1973); Jean Chesneaux, The Chinese Labor Movement, op.cit.
- Chesneaux . 1945 . The Chinese Labor Movement , New York : John Day . Isaacs, op.cit.
- Chesneaux . 1945 . The Chinese Labor Movement , New York : John Day . A. Neuberg, Armed Insurrection (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1970), especially Chapters 5 and 6, pp.105–150; Nym Wales, The Chinese LaborMovement, op.cit. For a good critique of the events leading to the 1927 massacre see Leon Trotsky on China (New York: Monad Press, 1976).
- Chesneaux . 1973 . Peasant Revolts in China 1840–1947 , London : Norton . Lucien Bianco, Origins of The Chinese Revolution 1915–1949 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1971), especially pp.75 passim.
- On “peasant nationalism” see Johnson Chalmers Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power: The Emergence of Revolutionary Power 1937–1945 Stanford University Press Stanford 1962
- See Schwartz Benjamin Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao Harvard University Press Cambridge, Mass. 1951 Edgar Snow, Red Star-Over China (New York: Random House, 1944); Mark Selden, The Yenan Way in Revolutionary China (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974).
- Tanin , O. and Yohan , E. 1936 . When Japan Goes to War , New York : International Publishers . especially Chapter 3 on strategic materials and Chapter 4 on the economic strains.
- On the Kuomintang see Moore Barrington Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy Beacon Press Boston 1966 187 187 passim and H. Isaacs, op.cit.
- Maitan , Livio . Party, Army and Masses in China , London : New Left Books .
- Maitan , Livio . Party, Army and Masses in China , London : New Left Books .
- The most detailed account of Cuban revolutionary history is Thomas Hugh Cuba: The Pursuit of Freedom Harper and Row New York 1971 on US-Cuban relations see, Robert Freeman Smith, The United States and Cuba (New York: Bookman Associates 1961) and Philip Foner, A History of Cuba and Its Relations with the US (New York: International Publishers, 1962–63), Vols.I and II.
- See Zeitlin Revolutionary Politics… Princton University Press Princeton, N.J. 1967 Aguilar, op.cit.; Charles Page, “Communism and the labor movements of Latin America”, Virginia Quarterly Review, XXXI, Summer 1959;Vania Bambivia, La revolucion Cubana: una interpretacion (Mexico: Editorial Nuestro Tiempo, 1974).
- On communist collaborationism see Farber Samuel Revolution and Reaction in Cuba, 1933–1960 Wesleyan University Press Middletown, Conn. 1976
- See Smith Robert Freeman The United States and Cuba Bookman Associates New York 1961 Aguilar, op.cit. Also Ph.D. Dissertation in preparation by Morris Morley, SUNY/Binghamton.
- Bonachea and Martin , San . 1974 . The Cuban Insurrection 1952–1959 , New Brunswick, N.J. : Transaction Books . Zeitlin, op.cit.; Ernesto Che Guevera, Episodes of the Revolutionary War (Havana: Book Institute, 1967); Leo Huberman and Paul Sweezy, Cuba: Anatomy of a Revolution (New York: Monthly Review, 1961).
- A more plausible interpretation which stresses the mass efforts from belowis found in Bambirra op.cit. and Simon Torres and Julio Aronde, “Debray and the Cuban experience” in Huberman and Sweezy, Regis Debray and the Latin American Revolution (New York: Monthly Review, 1967). The ‘manipulation’ theory is found in Theodore Draper, Castro's Revolution: Myths and Realities (New York: Praeger, 1962). The early revolutionary measures are discussed in Huberman and Sweezy, Cuba: Anatomy of a Revolution and Edward Boorstein, The Economic Transformation of Cuba (New York: Monthly Review, 1968).
- The best account of stagnant capitalism is O'Connor James The Origins of Socialism in Cuba Cornell University Press Ithaca, NY 1970
- Zeitlin . 1967 . Revolutionary Politics… , Princeton, N.J. : Princton University Press .
- Farber . 1976 . Revolution and Reaction in Cuba, 1933–1960 , Middletown, Conn. : Wesleyan University Press .
- See Fagen Richard The Transformation of Political Culture in Cuba Stanford University Press Stanford 1969 Carmelo Mesa Lago (ed.), Revolutionary Change in Cuba (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1971), especially Chapter 12; James O'Connor, op.cit., Chapter 7; Dudley Seers, et.al., Cuba: The Economic and Social Revolution (Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, Rolando Bonachea and Nelson Valdes [eds.]), Cuba in Revolution (New York: Doubleday Anchor, 1972), especially pp. 1–110, 154–224.
- On the incipient bureaucratism see Huberman Leo Sweezy Paul Socialism in Cuba Monthly Review New York 1969 especially Chapters 9 and 11.
- Sacks , I. Milton . “ Marxism in Vietnam ” . In Marxism in Southeast Asia , Edited by: Trager , Frank . 102 – 170 . Stanford : Stanford University Press .
- See Fall Bernard Ho Chi Minh on Revolution 1920–1966 Signet New York 1967
- Barnet , Richard . 1968 . Intervention and Revolution , New York : The World Publishing Company . especially Chapter 9, pages 181–224; Philippe Devillers and Jean Lacouture, End of a War: Indochina 1954 (New York: Praeger, 1969); Kolko, The Politics of War, op.cit.
- See McAlister John T. Vietnam: The Origins of Revolution Knopf New York 1965 Wilfred Burchett, Vienam Will Win (New York: Guardian, 1970).
- Hammer , Ellen . 1954 . The Struggle for Indochina , Stanford : Stanford University Press . Chapter 3, pp.67–71; John McAlister, Vietnam: The Origin of the Revolution, op.cit., Chapter 6.
- See Buttinger Joseph A Dragon Defiant Praeger New York 1972 74 75
- Fall , Bernard . 1956 . The VietMinh Regime , New York : Institute of Pacific Relations .
- Barnet , Richard . 1968 . Intervention and Revolution , New York : The World Publishing Company . emphasizes the ‘political’ considerations while Horowitz, Empire and Revolution, Kolko and Kolko, The Limits of Power (New York: Harper and Row, 1972) emphasizes the more fundamental economic processes.
- A good account of the destructiveness of US involvement is found in the International War Crimes Tribunal: Stockholm and Roskilde 1967 Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation New York 1968
- For an account of the convergence of forces in the final stages of the revolution in South Vietnam see Van Tien Dung General Our Great Spring Victory Monthly Review New York 1977 and Tiziano Terzani, Giai Phong: The Fall and Liberation of Saigon (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1976).
- In August 1977 increasing pressure was evidenced in efforts to collectivize agriculture New York Times 1977 August 27
- See Moore Barrington Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy Beacon Press Boston 1966 and John Kautsky, op.cit.
- Hobsbawm , Eric . 1959 . Primitive Rebels , Manchester : Manchester University Press . and Chesneaux, Attaint Revolts in China 1840–1949, op.cit.
- Probably the classic account is found in Samuel Hunlington, Political Order in Changing Societies Yale University Press New Haven 1968