Indonesia, plantations and the “post-colonial” mode of production

Footnotes

• The most virulent, long lasting and often ideological debate concerns the origins of private property — for a presentation see the writer&s's Stages in the Development of Java's Socio-economic Formations 700AD-1979 Journal of Contemporary 1979 9 2
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• See Anderson B. Java in a Time of Revolution Anderson Ithaca, C.H. 1975 1976, “Some Military Aspects of the Madiun Rebellion” in Indonesia No.21; A.J.R. Reid, 1974, The Indonesian National Revolution, 1945–1950, Melbourne, 1974; Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), Take the Road of Revolution, Beijing, 1972?; Hamza Alavi, 1972, “The Statein Post-Colonial Societies”, New Left Review, No.74; M. Nakamura, 1976, The Crescent Rises over the Banyan Tree, Ann Arbor, 1976.
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• Schmidt , J. 1963 . Post-Colonial Politics: The Indonesian Experience . Australian Journal of Politics and History , IX ( 2 ) : 181 – 181 .
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• See, however, the following Tichelman F. Een goed boek nog geschreven worden NRC/Handelsblad July 1971 9 1971, 1980: The Social Evolution of Indonesia, The Hague; J. Kahn, 1974, “Imperialism and the Reproduction of Capitalism — Towards Definition of the Indonesian Social Formation”, Critique of Anthropology 2, 1974; D. Haude, 1972, The Socio-Economic Development of Pre-Colonial Java, Seminar Paper, Bielefeld, 1972; D. Forbes & N. Thrift, 1981, “Levels of Abstraction, Theories of Articulation and the Analysis of Social Formations (plus notes on Indonesia)”, unpublished paper, Canberra, 1981.
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• Alavi , Hamza . 1975 . “ India and the Colonial Mode of Production ” . In Socialist Register 1975 London 1975, 1980, “India: Transition from Feudalism to Colonial Capitalism”, Journal of Contemporary Asia, Vol.10, No.4 (1980); J. Banaji, 1972, “For a Theory of Colonial Mode of Production”, Economic and Political Weekly, No.52, 23 December 1972; 1977, “Modes of Production in a Materialist Conception of History”, Capital and Class (London), Vol.7, No.3; Bipan Chandra, 1980, “Colonialism, Stages of Colonialism and the Colonial State”, Journal of Contemporary Asia, Vol.10, No.3 (1980).
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• From the Indische Couranl voor Nederland as quoted by Wertheim Herrijzend Azie Amsterdam 1950 141 141 in
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• Caldwell , Malcolm . 1964 . “ Indonesian Export and Production from the Decline of the Culture System to the First World War ” . In The Economic Development of South-East Asia Edited by: Cowan , C.D. London in
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• Wirodihardjo , Saroso . 1951 . De Contingenteeringspolitiek 11 – 11 . Jakarta
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• Roland-Hoist , H. 1972 . Kapitaal en Arbeid in Nederland Nijmegen (reprint).
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• Quoted in Indonesian Political Thinking Feith H. Castles L. Ithaca 1973
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• Furnival , J.S. 1944 . The Netherlands Indies 176 – 176 . Cambridge 1944
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• For a critical discussion of the literature on plantation systems see Bernstein Pitt Plantations and Modes of Exploitation Journal of Peasant Studies 1974 1 3 or oncertain specific issues the writer's “The Future of Plantation Systems afterIn-dependence” in Enyi and Varghese (eds.), Agriculture in the Tropics, Port Moresby (1977). On “overexploitation” see C. Meillassoux, 1981, Maidens, Meal and Money (Cambridge 1981, p.1. G.B.: Hagelberg, 1979, “Appropriate Technology in Sugar Manufacturing”, World Development, Vol.7 p.895.
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• The ensuing description of the Java sugar system closely follows my account The Collapse of Java's Colonial Sugar System and the Breakdown of Independent Indonesia's Economy Between People and Statistics; Essays on Modern Indonesian History van Anrooij Kolff Amsterdam/The Hague and others The internal references are to: D.H. Burger, 1939, De Ontsluiting van Java's Binnenland voor net Wereldverkeer, Washington, 1939; B. Gautama and Budiharsono, 1979, Agrarian Law, Bandung; J. van Gelderen, 1966, The Economics of the Tropical Colony” in Wertheim and others eds., Indonesian Economics, The Hague; C. Geertz, Agricultural Involution, Berkeley, 1968; J.J. van Klaveren, 1953, The Dutch Colonial System in Indonesia, Rotterdam; G.H. van der Kolff, 1925, Bervolkingsrietcultuurin Nederlandsch-Indie, Wageningen; 1953, “Sugar and Welfare in Java” in Phillips-Ruopp, ed., Approaches to Community Development, The Hague; Mubyarto, 1969, “The Sugar Industry”, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol.5, No.2 1969; Mubyarto and others, 1968, Usahatani Tebu dan Industri Guta di Jawa, Yogyakarta, 1969.
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• See Geertz Agricultural Involution Berkeley 1968 P.T. Bauer, 1946, The Rubber Industry (London), 1946; H. Bernstein & M. Pitt, 1974, “Plantations and Modes of Exploitation”, Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol.1, No.3 (1974); K. Pelzer, 1979, Plantations and Peasants in North Sumatra, Leiden, 1979; K.W. Thee, 1976, Plantations and Export Growth in North Sumatra, Medan, 1976?
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• Rutgers , S.J. 1947 . Indonesië: net Koloniale Systeem Amsterdam
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• Wertheim , W.F. 1950 . “ Naar een Bankroet der Indische Cultures? ” . In Herrijzend Azie Amsterdam
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• Robison , R. 1978 . Towards a Class Analysis of the Indonesian Military Bureaucratic State . Indonesia , 25 1978
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• Bagchi , A.K. March 1981 . “ The World of Daniel Thorner ” . In Economic and Political Weekly March , Bombay (Review) 28 1981
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• Gordon , Alec . 1978 . Problems of Class Analysis in Java . Journal of Contemporary Asia , 8 ( 2 )
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• Robison . 1978 . Towards a Class Analysis of the Indonesian Military Bureaucratic State . Indonesia , 25
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