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Articles

The political economy of the DPRK in the post-1958 period

Pages 304-323 | Published online: 02 Apr 2008

Footnotes

  • See Poulantzas Nicos State, Power, Socialism New Left Books London 1978 195 198 Etienne Balibar, On the Dictatorship of the Proletariat (London: New Left Review, 1977), pp. 152–153; Charles Bettelheim, Economic Calculation and Forms of Property (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975) pp.86–87; Philip Corrigan et al., Socialist Construction and Marxist Theory (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1978), p. 1978), p. 150 and Derek Sayer, Review of A Critique of Soviet Economics by Mao Tsetung, in Capital and Class 8 (Summer 1979): 119.
  • See Poulantzas State, Power, Socialism 195 195 on how this problem must be dealt with by a ‘Left Government’.
  • Poulantzas . State, Power, Socialism 195 – 198 . and Balibar, On the Dictatorship, pp. 148–149 and 152.
  • See Poulantzas State, Power, Socialism 197 197 and Balibar, Dictatorship, pp.109 and 149.
  • Poulantzas . State, Power, Socialism 255 – 255 .
  • Poulantzas . State, Power, Socialism 51 – 51 .
  • Cumings , Bruce . 1974 . Kim's Korean Communism . Problems of Communism , 23 ( 2 ) March–April : 33 – 33 .
  • Brun , Ellen and Hersh , Jacques . 1976 . Socialist Korea , 186 – 186 . New York : Monthly Review Press . 33–341 and 153–360 passim; idem, “Aspects of Korean Socialism“, Journal of Contemporary Asia 5 No.2 (1975): 138–152, and Aidanfoster-Caster, “North Korea. Development and Self-Reliance: A Critical Appraisal”, in Crisis in Korea, eds. Gavan McCormack and John Gittings (London: Spokesman Books, 1977), p.88.
  • Sung , Kim Il . 1972 . Selected Workd , Vol. 1 , 15 – 15 . Pyongyang : Foreign Language Publishing House . 88, 151, 247 and 602; idem. Vol.2, p.400.
  • Kim . Selected Works , 1 247 – 247 .
  • See Belyaev Yu. Building Socialist Economy in the Korean People's Democratic Republic Problems of Economics (Moscow) January 1959 1 9 35 35
  • For a similar, but not identical, interpretation of the subject, see Gramsci Antonio Prison Notebooks International Publisher New York 1971 334 335
  • See Thomas Clive Dependence and Transformation Monthly Review Press New York 1974 293 293 and Foster-Carter, “North Korea. Development and Self-Reliance”, p.86.
  • See et al. Socialist Construction 42 42 Bettelheim, Economic Calculation. pp.75.81 and P. Giulini, “The Transition from Capitalism to Socialism” in Contradictions of Socialist Construction eds. Marlene Dixon and Susanne Jonas (San Francisco: Synthesis Publication, 1979), p.15, on how technologies and techniques used in, or developed under, capitalism generate and promote capitalist labour forms; and, consequently, how these cannot simply be incorporated into a programme for socialist economic development without negative results.
  • et al. Socialist Construction 46 46
  • Kim . Selected Works , 4 312 – 312 .
  • 1979 . North Korean Quarterly , 4 ( 3 & 4 ) : 101 – 101 .
  • Lee , Chong-Sik and Scalapino , Robert . 1972 . Communism in Korea , 1153 – 1153 . Berkeley : University of California Press . Part II
  • Sweezy , Paul and Bettelheim , Charles . 1971 . On the Transition to Socialism , 23 – 23 . New York : Monthly Review . and Ellen Brun, “North Korea: A Case for Real Development”, Monthly Review 22 No.2 (June 1970): 27.
  • Chong-son , Yi . 1959 . On Strengthening the Struggle Against Criminals Infringing Upon Socialist Ownership . Minju Choson , 10 October : 9 – 12 . JPRS, 2, 732, pp. 10–18; Kim Taek-hyon, “The Creation of the Kun (County) Cooperative Farm Management Committee and Further Develpment of the Alliance of Workers and Peasants”, Kulloja No.7, 1963, pp.24–30; JPRS, 20, 480, pp.4–5; Lee and Scalapino, Communism in Korea, Part II, p. 1100, and Joseph Chung, The North Korean Economy (Stanford: Hoover Institute Press, 1973), p.21.
  • Chung , Joseph . 1966 . “ North Korean Industrial Enterprise: Control Concentration, and Managerial Functions ” . In Studies on Asia, 1966 , Edited by: Sakai , Robert . 169 – 169 . Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press . Table 2.
  • Yi , Chong-son . On Strengthening the Struggle 10 – 18 . Kim Ha-un, “Obedience to the Law”, Minju Choson, 16 February 1958, JPRS, 925.
  • Kim . Selected Works , 3 424 – 424 . Kim Byong Sik, Modern Korea (New York: International Publisher, 1970), p. 132.
  • Kim . Selected Works , 3 111 – 111 . Kim Il Sung, Selected Works, Vol.5, p.158.
  • Sik , Kim Byong . Modern Korea , 111 – 159 .
  • et al. Area Handbook for North Korea US Government Printing Office Washington DC 1969 119 119 361.
  • Sik , Kim Byong . Modern Korea , 119 – 154 . Brun and Hersh, Socialist Korea, pp.351–357; Joseph Chung, “The North Korean Industrial Enterprise: Control, Concentration, and Managerial Functions”, pp. 164–185, and Lee and Scalapino, Communism in Korea. Part II, pp.1247–1251.
  • See Brun Hersh Socialist Korea 368 370
  • Lee and Scalapino . 101 – 1102 . Pt. II 1109
  • Sung , Kim Il . 1964 . Thesis on the Socialist Agrarian Question in our Country , 42 – 42 . Pyongyang : Foreign Languages Publishing House .
  • Brun and Hersh . Socialist Korea , 351 – 368 .
  • Juhn , Daniel S. 1972 . The North Korean Managerial System at the Factory Level . Journal of Korean Affairs , 2 ( 1 ) April : 18 – 19 .
  • Daniel S. , Juhn . 1972 . The North Korean Managerial System at the Factory Level . Journal of Korean Affairs , 2 ( 1 ) April : 19 – 19 .
  • 1972 . Far Eastern Economic Review , July : 37 – 37 .
  • 1964 . Implementation of the Work Schedule and the Role of the Staff Workers Assigned by Plan Management . Kyongje Chisik , 10 October : 1 – 5 . JPRS. 28, 467, p.15.
  • 1964 . Implementation of the Work Schedule and the Role of the Staff Workers Assigned by Plan Management . Kyongje Chisik , 10 October : 15 – 15 .
  • 1964 . Implementation of the Work Schedule and the Role of the Staff Workers Assigned by Plan Management . Kyongje Chisik , 10 October : 19 – 19 .
  • 1964 . Implementation of the Work Schedule and the Role of the Staff Workers Assigned by Plan Management . Kyongje Chisik , 10 October : 17 – 17 .
  • 1964 . Implementation of the Work Schedule and the Role of the Staff Workers Assigned by Plan Management . Kyongje Chisik , 10 October : 16 – 19 .
  • 1964 . Implementation of the Work Schedule and the Role of the Staff Workers Assigned by Plan Management . Kyongje Chisik , 10 October : 21 – 21 .
  • 1968 . Justification of Our Party Policy for Uniformity and Specification in Planning . Kulloja , July : 41 – 50 . 30 JPRS, 46, 571, p.83. Kim, Selected Works, Vol.4, pp.271–272.
  • 1968 . Justification of Our Party Policy for Uniformity and Specification in Planning . Kulloja , July : 266 – 266 . 30
  • Kim , Ha-kwang and Sok , Jun-hak . 1965 . Economic Planning and Mass Line . Nodong Sinmun , July : 2 – 3 . 21 JPRS 31, 770, pp. 1–10; Kim Tok-chin, “Guidance and Control of Socialist Economy and the Mass Line”, Kulloja, No.17, 5 September 1965, pp.21–23; JPRS 33,041, pp. 1–9; “Socialist Economic Planning and Mass Line”, Kulloja, 5 February 1965, pp.23–31, JPRS, 30,209, pp.76–95.
  • 1968 . Justification of Our Policy . Kulloja , July : 41 – 50 . 30
  • 1968 . Justification of Our Policy . Kulloja , July : 83 – 83 . 30 Kim, Selected Works, Vol.4, pp.271–272; Kim Byong Sik, Modern Korea, p. 153 and, for a description of the defects in the previous supply system, also see Kim II Sung, On Introducing New Systems of Economic Management (Pyongyang: Foreign Language Publishing House, 1975), pp.2–43.
  • Justification of Our Party Policy . Kulloja , 41 – 50 .
  • Justification of Our Party Policy . Kulloja , 85 – 85 .
  • Justification of Our Party Policy . Kulloja , 84 – 84 .
  • Justification of Our Party Policy . Kulloja , 92 – 92 .
  • Justification of Our Party Policy . Kulloja , 92 – 92 .
  • Justification of Our Party Policy . Kulloja , 92 – 92 .
  • Justification of Our Party Policy . Kulloja , 92 – 92 .
  • Lee and Scalapino . Communism in Korea , 1250 – 1250 . Part II
  • Justification of Our Party Policy . Kulloja , 85 – 85 .
  • Lee and Scalapino . Communism in Korea , 1247 – 1251 . Part II Brun and Hersh, Socialist Korea, pp.365–368; and “Justification of our Party Policy”, Kulloja, pp.41–50.
  • Weinhold , H.J. On Socialist Transformation of Agricultural , Appendix, Table I. Cited in Clive Thomas, Dependence and Transformation, Table VI, p. 162.
  • Sik , Kim Byong . Modern Korea , 50 – 50 .
  • Sik , Kim Byong . Modern Korea , 92 – 92 .
  • Bettelheim , Charles . 1975 . Economic Calculation and Forms of Property , 77 – 77 . New York : Monthly Review Press . 79, 82.
  • Sweezy , Paul . 1975 . The Nature of Soviet Society . Monthly Review , 26 ( 8 ) January : 6 – 6 . Part II
  • Sik , Kim Byong . Monthly Korea , 93 – 93 .
  • Bettelheim , Charles . 1978 . Class Struggle in the USSR Second Period: 1923–1930 , 210 – 210 . New York : Monthly Review Press .
  • Bettelheim . Economics Calculations , 91 – 91 .
  • Bettelheim . Economics Calculations , 76 – 76 .
  • Chung . The North Korean Industrial Enterprise 173 – 174 . and Brun and Hersh, Socialist Korea, pp. 385–386. Also see Corrigan et at., Socialist Construction, p. 151.
  • Bettelheim . Class Struggle Second Period , 303 – 303 .
  • 1077 . North Korean Quarterly , 4 ( 4 ) : 67 – 67 . Nam-Shik Kim, “The Movement of North Korea's Three Great Revolutionary Circles”, East Asian Review 3 (1976): 418–437; Chong-Sik Lee, Korean Workers' Party (Stanford: Hoover Institute Press, 1978), pp.127–133.
  • Balibar . On the Dictatorship , 88 – 88 .
  • Balibar . On the Dictatorship , 122 – 122 . and Nicos Poulantzas, State, Power, Socialism, p.197.
  • Balibar . On the Dictatorship , 122 – 122 .
  • Balibar . On the Dictatorship , 109 – 109 . and also see Poulantzas, State, Power, Socialist, p. 195, on the “inertia” which the “economic state apparatus” exerts upon a “Left government” after coming to power.
  • Balibar . On the Dictatorship , 109 – 109 .
  • Balibar . On the Dictatorship , 109 – 109 . Poulantzas also lays heavy stress on the significant role which the social division of labour and the “capitalist aspects” of the state and production relations can play in complicating the transition to communism or what he would probably call the “democratic road to socialism”. Poulantzas, State, Power, Socialism, p.24.
  • Kim . Selected Works , 1 547 – 547 . emphasis added.
  • Kim . Selected Works , 6 130 – 131 .
  • See Sung's Kim Il speech “Let Us Repudiate Bureacracy” at the first session of the SPA, 15 December 1977 North Korean Quarterly 1977 4 4 67 67 reprinted in
  • Sung , Kim Il . 1980 . Report to the Sixth Congress . People's Korea , October : 15 – 15 . 18
  • 1963 . Class Nature of the State . Kulloja , October : 45 – 48 . JPRS. 23,876, pp. 1–16.
  • Sung , Kim Il . 1972 . “ On the Question of the Period of Transition from Capitalism to Socialism and the Dictatorship of the Proletariat ” . In Juche! The Speeches and Writings of Kim Il Sung , Edited by: Li , Yuk-sa . 121 – 121 . New York : Grossman Publishers . in
  • Balibar . On the Dictatorship , 68 – 68 .
  • Poulantzas . State, Power, Socialism , 56 – 56 .
  • White , Gordon . 1975 . The DPRK Through the Eyes of a Visiting Sinologist . China Quarterly , September : 520 – 520 . and Brun, “A Case of Real Development”, pp.32–33.

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