The effect of different combinations of lignocaine, ketoprofen, xylazine and tolazoline on the acute cortisol response to dehorning in calves

References

• Brearley , JC , Dobson , H and Jones , RS . 1990 . Investigations into the effect of two sedatives on the stress response in cattle . Journal of Veterinary Pharmacological Therapeutics , 13 : 367 – 377 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campbell , KB , Klavano , PH , Richardson , P and Alexander , JE . 1979 . Hemodynamic effects of xylazine in the calf . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 40 : 1777 – 1780 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll , GL . 1999 . Analgesics and pain . Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice , 29 : 701 – 717 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Faulkner , PM and Weary , DM . 2000 . Reducing pain after dehorning in dairy calves . Journal of Dairy Science , 83 : 2037 – 2041 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graf , B and Senn , M . 1999 . Behavioural and physiological responses of calves to dehorning by heat cauterisation with or without local anaesthesia . Applied Animal Behavioural Science , 62 : 153 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , C , Upton , RN and Kuchel , TR . 1996 . Efficacy of intra-muscular analgesics for acute pain in sheep . Australian Veterinary Journal , 73 : 129 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grondahl-Nielsen , C , Simonsen , HB , Damkjer , Lund J and Hesselholt , H . 1999 . Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac responses in young calves undergoing dehorning without and with the use of sedation and analgesia . Veterinary Journal , 158 : 14 – 20 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herd , RM . 1989 . Serum cortisol and ‘stress’ in cattle . Australian Veterinary Journal , 66 : 341 – 342 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hsu , WH , Schaffer , DD and Hanson , CE . 1987 . Effects of tolazoline and yohimbine on xylazine-induced central nervous system depression, bradycardia, and tachypnea in sheep . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 190 : 423 – 426 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kitzman , JV , Booth , NH , Hatch , RC and Wallner , B . 1982 . Antagonism of xylazine sedation by 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine in cattle . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 43 : 2165 – 2169 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lester , SJ , Mellor , DJ , Holmes , RJ , Ward , RN and Stafford , KJ . 1996 . Behavioural and cortisol responses of lambs to castration and tailing using different methods . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 44 : 45 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , H , Riddell , MG and DeGraves , FJ . 1999 . Comparison of three α2-antagonists, yohimbine, tolazoline, or atipamezole for reversing the anaesthetic effects of medetomidine and ketamine in dairy cow . Bovine Practitioner , 33 : 21 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Link , R P and Smith , JC . 1956 . Comparision of some local anaesthetics in cattle . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 129 : 306 – 309 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McMeekan , CM , Mellor , DJ , Stafford , KJ , Bruce , RA , Ward , RN and Gregory , NG . 1997 . Effect of shallow and deep scoop dehorning on plasma cortisol concentrations in calves . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 45 : 72 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMeekan , CM , Mellor , DJ , Stafford , KJ , Bruce , RA , Ward , RN and Gregory , NG . 1998a . Effects of local anaesthetic of 4 to 8 hours duration on the acute cortisol response to scoop dehorning in calves . Australian Veterinary Journal , 76 : 281 – 285 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMeekan , CM , Stafford , KJ , Mellor , DJ , Bruce , RA , Ward , RN and Gregory , NG . 1998b . Effect of regional analgesia and/or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic on the acute cortisol response to dehorning in calves . Research in Veterinary Science , 64 : 147 – 150 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McMeekan , CM , Stafford , KJ , Mellor , DJ , Bruce , RA , Ward , RN and Gregory , NG . 1999 . Effects of a local anaesthetic and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic on the behavioural responses of calves to dehorning . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 47 : 92 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellor , DJ and Murray , L . 1989 . Changes in the cortisol responses of lambs to tail docking, castration and ACTH injection during the first seven days after birth . Research in Veterinary Science , 46 : 392 – 395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molony , V , Kent , JE and Robertson , IS . 1995 . Assessment of acute and chronic pain after different methods of castration of calves . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 46 : 33 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molony , V , Kent , JE and McKendrick , IJ . 2002 . Validation of a method for assessment of acute pain in lambs . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 76 : 215 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morisse , JP , Cotte , JP and Huonnic , D . 1995 . Effect of dehorning on behaviour and plasma cortisol responses in young calves . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 43 : 239 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolan , A , Livingston , A and Waterman , A . 1987 . Antinociceptive actions of intravenous α2-adrenoreceptor agonists in shee . Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics , 10 : 202 – 209 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peers , A , Mellor , DJ , Wintour , EM and Dodic , M . 2002 . Blood pressure, heart rate, hormonal and other acute responses to rubber-ring castration and tail docking of lambs . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 50 : 56 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrie , NJ , Mellor , DJ , Stafford , KJ , Bruce , RA and Ward , RN . 1996 . Cortisol responses of calves to two methods of disbudding used with or without local anaesthetic . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 44 : 9 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell , JD , Denhart , JW and Lloyd , WE . 1998 . Effectiveness of tolazoline in reversing xylazine-induced sedation in calves . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 212 : 90 – 92 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Read , MR , Duke , T and Toews , AR . 2000 . Suspected tolazoline poisoning in a llama . Journal of the American Veterinary Association , 216 : 227 – 229 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robertson , IS , Kent , JE and Molony , V . 1994 . Effect of different methods of castration on behaviour and plasma cortisol in calves of three ages . Research in Veterinary Science , 56 : 8 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanhouri , AA , Jones , RS and Dobson , H . 1992 . Effects of xylazine on the stress response to transport in male goats . British Veterinary Journal , 148 : 119 – 128 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sutherland , MA , Mellor , DJ , Stafford , KJ , Gregory , NG , Bruce , RA and Ward , RN . 2002a . Cortisol responses to dehorning of calves given a 5-hours local anaesthetic regimen plus phenylbutazone, ketoprofen or adrenocorticotropic hormone prior to dehorning . Research in Veterinary Science , 73 : 115 – 123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland , MA , Mellor , DJ , Stafford , KJ , Gregory , NG , Bruce , RA and Ward , RN . 2002b . Effect of local anaesthetic combined with wound cauterisation on the cortisol response to dehorning in calves . Australian Veterinary Journal , 80 : 165 – 167 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sylvester , SP . 2002 . Dehorning distress and its alleviation in cattle. MSc thesis , Palmerston North : Massey University .
   Google Scholar
• Sylvester , SP , Mellor , DJ , Stafford , KJ , Bruce , RA and Ward , RN . 1998a . Acute cortisol responses of calves to scoop dehorning with prior use of local anaesthetic and/or cautery of the wound . Australian Veterinary Journal , 76 : 118 – 122 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sylvester , SP , Stafford , KJ , Mellor , DJ , Bruce , RA and Ward , RN . 1998b . Acute cortisol responses of calves to four different methods of dehorning by amputation . Australian Veterinary Journal , 76 : 123 – 126 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takase , K , Hikasa , Y and Ogasawara , S . 1986 . Tolazoline as an antagonist of xylazine in cattle . Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science , 48 : 859 – 862 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waterman , AF , Nolan , A and Livingston , A . 1987 . Influence of idazoxan on respiratory blood gas changes induced by alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist drugs in sheep . Veterinary Record , 121 : 105 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar