The use of a medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine combination to enable blood sampling in young pigs

References

• Anonymous Material Safety Data Sheet for 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethanec2hcl2f3 Halocarbon r-123 Chemical Safety Associates Inc San Diego CA, , USA 1998 9 9
   Google Scholar
• Avsaroglu , H , Versluis , A , Hellebrekers , LJ , Haberham , ZL , van Zutphen , LF and van Lith , HA . 2003 . Strain differences in response to propofol, ketamine and medetomidine in rabbits . Veterinary Record , 152 : 300 – 300 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartram , DH , Diamond , MJ , Tute , AS , Trafford , AW and Jones , RS . 1994 . Use of medetomidine and butorphanol for sedation in dogs . Journal of Small Animal Practice , 35 : 495 – 498 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boschert , K , Flecknell , PA , Fosse , RT , Framstad , T , Ganter , M , Sjostrand , U , Stevens , J and Thurman , J . 1996 . Ketamine and its use in the pig. Recommendations of the consensus meeting on ketamine anaesthesia in pigs, Bergen 1994. Ketamine consensus working group . Laboratory Animals , 30 : 209 – 219 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattet , MR , Caulkett , NA , Polischuk , SC and Ramsay , MA . 1999 . Anesthesia of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with zolazepam-tiletamine, medetomidine-ketamine, and medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine . Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine , 30 : 354 – 360 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flecknell , PA . 1996 . “ Anaesthesia of common laboratory species iv. Pigs ” . In Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia: A Practical Introduction for Research Workers and Technicians , Edited by: Flecknell , PA . 202 – 209 . London, , UK : Academic Press Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , LW , Clarke , KW and Trim , CM . 2001 . Veterinary Anaesthesia , 10th Edtn , 561 – 561 . London : Harcourt Publishers Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Hedenqvist , P , Orr , HE , Roughan , JV , Antunes , LM and Flecknell , PA . 2002 . Anaesthesia with ketamine/medetomidine in the rabbit: Influence of route of administration and the effect of combination with butorphanol . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia , 29 : 14 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henrikson , H , Jensen-Waern , M and Nyman , G . 1995 . Anaesthetics for general anaesthesia in growing pigs . Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica , 36 : 401 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko , JCH , Williams , BL , Smith , VL , McGrath , CJ and Jacobson , JD . 1993 . Comparison of telazol, telazol-ketamine, telazol-xylazine, and telazol-ketamine-xylazine as chemical restraint and anesthetic induction combination in swine . Laboratory Animal Science , 43 : 476 – 480 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nishimura , R , Kim , H , Matsunaga , S , Hayashi , K , Tamura , H , Sasaki , N and Takeuchi , A . 1993a . Comparison of sedative and analgesic/anesthetic effects induced by medetomidine, acepromazine, azaperone, droperidol and midazolam in laboratory pigs . Journal of Veterinary Medical Science/Japanese Society of Veterinary Science , 55 : 687 – 690 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimura , R , Kim , H , Matsunaga , S , Hayashi , K , Tamura , H , Sasaki , N and Takeuchi , A . 1993b . Sedative effect induced by a combination of medetomidine and midazolam in pigs . Journal of Veterinary Medical Science/Japanese Society of Veterinary Science , 55 : 717 – 722 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plumb , DC . 2002 . Veterinary Drug Handbook , 4th Edtn , 993 – 993 . White Bear Lake, Minnesota, , USA : Pharma Vet Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Ponder , SW and Clark , WG . 1980 . Prolonged depression of thermoregulation after xylazine administration to cats . Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics , 3 : 203 – 207 .
   Google Scholar
• Raekallio , M , Ansah , OB , Kuusela , E and Vainio , O . 2002 . Some factors influencing the level of clinical sedation induced by medetomidine in rabbits . Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics , 25 : 39 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi , M , Nishimura , R , Sasaki , N , Ishiguro , T , Tamura , H and Takeuchi , A . 1992a . Sedative effects of medetomidine in pigs . Journal of Veterinary Medical Science/Japanese Society of Veterinary Science , 54 : 643 – 647 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi , M , Nishimura , R , Sasaki , N , Ishiguro , T , Tamura , H and Takeuchi , A . 1992b . Enhancing effect of butorphanol on medetomidine-induced sedation in pigs . Journal of Veterinary Medical Science/Japanese Society of Veterinary Science , 54 : 1183 – 1185 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi , M , Nishimura , R , Sasaki , N , Ishiguro , T , Tamura , H and Takeuchi , A . 1995 . Chemical restraint by medetomidine-ketamine and its cardiopulmonary effects in pigs . Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin. Reihe A , 42 : 293 – 299 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sakaguchi , M , Nishimura , R , Sasaki , N , Ishiguro , T , Tamura , H and Takeuchi , A . 1996 . Anesthesia induced in pigs by use of a combination of medetomidine, butorphanol, and ketamine and its reversal by administration of atipamezole . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 57 : 529 – 534 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selmi , AL , Mendes , GM , Lins , BT , Figueiredo , JP and Barbudo-Selmi , GR . 2003 . Evaluation of the sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine, dexmedetomidine-butorphanol, and dexmedetomidine-ketamine in cats . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 222 : 37 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair , MD . 2003 . A review of the physiological effects of alpha 2-agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice . Canadian Veterinary Journal , 44 : 885 – 897 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sladky , KK , Kelly , BT , Loomis , MR , Stoskopf , MK and Horne , WA . 2000 . Cardiorespiratory effects of four alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist-ketamine combinations in captive red wolves . Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 217 : 1366 – 1371 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swindle , MM , Moody , DC and Phillips , LD . 1992 . Swine as Models in Biomedical Research , 312 – 312 . Ames, Iowa, , USA : Iowa State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Swindle , MM , Smith , AC , Laber , K , Goodrich , JA and Bingel , SA . 2003 . “ Biology and medicine of swine ” . In Laboratory Animal Medicine and Management , Edited by: Reuter , JD and Suckow , MA . Ithaca : International Veterinary Information Service . http://www.ivis.org/advances/Reuter/swindle/chapter_frm.asp
   Google Scholar
• Tendillo , FJ , Mascias , A , Santos , M , Segura , IA , San , Roman F and Castillo-Olivares , JL . 1996 . Swine as Models in Biomedical Research Vol. 46 , 215 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Trim , CM . 1983 . Cardiopulmonary effects of butorphanol tartrate in dogs . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 44 : 329 – 331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolkers , J , Wensing , T and Groot Bruinderink , GW . 1994 . Sedation of wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) with medetomidine and the influence on some haematological and serum biochemical variables . Veterinary Quarterly , 16 : 7 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , PL . 1979 . The effect of xylazine on the body temperature of cattle . Australian Veterinary Journal , 55 : 442 – 443 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar