Pregnancy loss in dairy cattle in the Waikato region of New Zealand

References

• Anonymous 2001/2002 New Zealand Dairy Statistics Livestock Improvement Corporation Ltd Hamilton, NZ 2002
   Google Scholar
• Bulman , DC . 1979 . A possible influence of the bull on the incidence of embryonic mortality in cattle . Veterinary Record , 105 : 420 – 422 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chebel , RC , Santos , JEP , Reynolds , J P , Cerri , RLA , Juchem , SG and Overton , M . 2004 . Factors affecting conception rate after artificial insemination and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows . Animal Reproduction Science , 84 : 239 – 255 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , TW , Thurmond , MC , Gershwin , ME , Picanso , J P , Garvey , JS and Keen , CL . 1994 . Serum zinc and copper concentrations in relation to spontaneous abortion in cows: implications for human fetal loss . Journal of Reproduction and Fertility , 102 : 253 – 262 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griffin , JFT , Hartigan , PJ and Nunn , WR . 1974 . Non-specific uterine infection and bovine fertility. 1. Infection patterns and endometritis during the first seven weeks postpartum . Theriogenology , 1 : 91 – 106 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanzen , C and Delsaux , B . 1987 . Use of transrectal B-mode ultrasound imaging in bovine pregnancy diagnosis . Veterinary Record , 121 : 200 – 202 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hockett , ME , Hopkins , FM , Lewis , MJ , Saxton , AM , Dowlen , HH , Oliver , S P and Schrick , FN . 2000 . Endocrine profiles of dairy cows following experimentallyinduced clinical mastitis during early lactation . Animal Reproduction Science , 58 : 241 – 251 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ivkov , V , Veselinovic , S , Mickovski , G , Medic , D , Popovski , K and Veselinovic , S . 1992 . Use of ultrasound in dairy cattle reproduction . Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Animal Reproduction , : 141 – 143 .
   Google Scholar
• Kastelic , J P , Curran , S and Ginther , OJ . 1989 . Accuracy of ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis on days 10 to 22 in heifers . Theriogenology , 31 : 813 – 820 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lopez-Gatius , F , Labernia , J , Santolaria , P , Lopez-Bejar , M and Rutllant , J . 1996 . Effect of reproductive disorders previous to conception on pregnancy attrition in dairy cows . Theriogenology , 46 : 643 – 648 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Gatius , F , Santolaria , P , Yaniz , J , Rutllant , J and Lopez-Bejar , M . 2002 . Factors affecting pregnancy loss from gestation days 38 to 90 in lactating dairy cows from a single herd . Animal Reproduction Science , 57 : 1251 – 1261 .
   Google Scholar
• McGowan , MR , Kirkland , PD , Richards , SG and Littlejohns , R . 1993 . Increased reproductive losses in cattle infected with bovine pestivirus around the time of insemination . Veterinary Record , 133 : 39 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paisley , LG , Mickelsen , WD and Anderson , PB . 1986 . Mechanisms and therapy for retained fetal membranes and uterine infections of cows: A review . Theriogenology , 25 : 353 – 381 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry , GA , Smith , MF , Lucy , MC , Roberts , AJ , MacNeil , MD and Geary , TW . 2003 . Effect of ovulatory follicle size at time of GnRH injection or standing oestrus on pregnancy rate and embryonic/fetal mortality in beef cattle . Journal of Animal Science , 81 ( Supplement 1 ) : 52 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Pierson , RA and Ginther , OJ . 1984 . Ultrasonography for detection of pregnancy and study of embryonic development in heifers . Theriogenology , 22 : 225 – 233 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes , FM , McDougall , S , Burke , CR , Verkerk , GA and Macmillan , KL . 2003 . Treatment of cows with an extended postpartum anestrous interval . Journal of Dairy Science , 86 : 1876 – 1894 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royal , MD , Darwash , AO , Flint , APF , Webb , R , Woolliams , JA and Lamming , GE . 2000 . Declining fertility in dairy cattle: changes in traditional and endocrine parameters of fertility . Animal Science , 70 : 487 – 501 .
   Google Scholar
• Santos , JEP , Villasenor , M , DePeters , EJ , Robinson , PH and Holmberg , CH . 2003 . Type of cottonseed and level of gossypol in diets of lactating dairy cows: plasma gossypol, health and reproductive performance . Journal of Dairy Science , 86 : 892 – 905 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos , JEP , Cerri , RLA , Ballou , MA , Higginbotham , GE and Kirk , JH . 2004 a . Effect of timing of first clinical mastitis occurrence on lactational and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows . Animal Reproduction Science , 80 : 31 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos , JEP , Thatcher , WW , Chebel , RC , Cerri , RLA and Galvao , KN . 2004 b . The effect of embryonic death rates in cattle on the efficacy of estrus synchronization programs . Animal Reproduction Science , 82-83 : 513 – 535 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrick , FN , Hockett , ME , Saxton , AM , Lewis , MJ , Dowlen , HH and Oliver , SP . 2001 . Influence of subclinical mastitis during early lactation on reproductive parameters . Journal of Dairy Science , 84 : 1407 – 1412 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , MF , Nix , KJ , Kraemer , DC , Amoss , MS , Herron , MA and Wiltbank , JN . 1982 . Fertilization rate and early embryonic loss in Brahman crossbred heifers . Journal of Animal Science , 54 : 1005 – 1011 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sreenan , JM and Diskin , MG . 1983 . Early embryonic mortality in the cow: its relationship with progesterone concentration . Veterinary Record , 112 : 517 – 521 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thurmond , MC , Picanso , J P and Jameson , CM . 1990 . Considerations for use of descriptive epidemiology to investigate fetal loss in dairy cows . Journal of the American Veterinary Medicine Association , 197 : 1305 – 1312 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arendonk , JAM van and Liinamo , A-E . 2003 . Dairy cattle production in Europe . Theriogenology , 59 : 563 – 569 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vasconcelos , JLM , Sartori , R , Oliveira , HN , Guenther , JG and Wiltbank , MC atReduction in size of the ovulatory follicle reduces subsequent luteal size and pregnancy rate . 2001 . Theriogenology , 56 : 307 – 314 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , IR , Russel , AJF , Wright , IA and Whyte , TK . 1985 . Real-time ultrasonic scanning in the diagnosis of pregnancy and the estimation of gestational age in cattle . Veterinary Record , 117 : 5 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willemse , AH and Taverne , MAM . 1989 . “ Early pregnancy diagnosis in cattle by means of transrectal real time ultrasound scanning of the uterus ” . In Diagnostic Ultrasound and Animal Reproduction , Edited by: Taverne , MAM and Willemse , AH . 67 – 72 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar