Effect of epidural tramadol and lignocaine on physiological and behavioural changes in goats subjected to castration with a high tension band

References

• Adetunji , A , Ajadi , R A and Aladesawe , T A . 2001 . A comparison of epidural anaesthesia with lignocaine, bupivacaine and lignocaine/bupivacaine mixture in dogs . Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine , 56 : 85 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Ajadi , R A , Olusa , T A , Smith , O F , Ajibola , E S , Adeleye , O E , Adenubi , O T and Makinde , A F . 2009 . Tramadol improved the efficacy of ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia in young pigs . Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia , 36 : 562 – 6 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali , B , Fereidoon , S A and Fakhredin , A . 2010 . Analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride administered via caudal epidural injection in healthy adult cattle . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 71 : 720 – 5 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso , G P , Natalini , C C , Robinson , E P , Alves , S D and Oliveira , S T . 2005 . Epidural administration of tramadol as an analgesic technique in dogs submitted to stifle surgery . International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine , 3 : 351 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Briend-Marchal , A , Chapellier , P , Perret , D , Braun , J P and Guelfi , J F . 2003 . Comparison of hemogram, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen, total proteins and fractions in old (≥10 years) and adult (1 to 8 yrs) dogs . Revue Medeceine duVeterinariae , 154 ( 10 ) : 629 – 632 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chase , C C , Larsen , R E , Randel , R D , Hammond , A C and Adams , E L . 1995 . Plasma cortisol and white blood cell responses in different breeds of bulls: a comparison of two methods of castration . Journal of Animal Science , 73 : 975 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earley , B and Crowe , M A . 2002 . Effects of ketoprofen alone or in combination with local anaesthesia during the castration of bull calves on plasma cortisol, immunological and inflammatory responses . Journal of Animal Science , 80 : 1044 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher , A D , Crowe , M A , Alonso , M E and Enright , W J . 1996 . Effect of castration method and the provision of local anaesthesia on plasma cortisol, scrotal circumference, growth and feed intake of bull calves . Journal of Animal Science , 74 : 2336 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez , L A , Schwartzkoft-Genswen , K S , Caulkett , N A , Janzen , E , McAllister , T A , Fierheller , E , Schaefer , A L , Haley , D B , Stookey , J M and Henderick , S . 2010 . Pain mitigation after band castration of beef calves and its effects on performance, behaviour, Escherichia coli, and salivary cortisol . Journal of Animal Science , 88 : 802 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannan , G , Terrill , T H , Kouakou , B , Gazal , O S , Gelaye , S , Amoah , E A and Samake , S . 2001 . Transportation of goats: Effects on physiological stress response and live weight loss . Journal of Animal Science , 78 : 1450 – 7 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Kent , J E , Molony , V , Jackson , R E and Hoise , B D . 1999 . “ Chronic inflammatory responses of lambs to rubber ring castration: are there any effects of age or size of lamb at treatment? ” . In Farm Animal Welfare- Who Writes the Rules? , Edited by: Russel , A JF , Morgan , C A , Savory , C J , Appleby , M C and Lawrence , T LJ . 160 – 2 . Midlothian , Scotland : British Society of Animal Science . *Non-peer-reviewed
   Google Scholar
• Marti , S , Velarde , A , De la Torre , J , Bach , A , Aris , A , Serrano , A , Manteca , X and Devant , M . 2009 . Effect of ring castration with local anaesthesia and analgesia in Holstein calves at three months of age on welfare indicator . Journal of Animal Science , 87 : 1910 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• McMeekan , C M , Mellor , D J , Stafford , K J , Bruce , R A , Ward , R N and Gregory , N G . 1998 . Effects of local anaesthesia of 4 to 8 hours duration on the acute cortisol response to scoop dehorning in calves . Australian Veterinary Journal , 76 : 281 – 5 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellor , D J and Stafford , K J . 2000 . Acute castration and/or tailing distress and its alleviation in lambs . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 48 : 33 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molony , V , Kent , J E and Robertson , I S . 2005 . Assessment of acute and chronic pain after different methods of castration of calves . Applied Animal Behavioural Science , 46 : 33 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natalini , C C and Robinson , E P . 2000 . Evaluation of the analgesic effects of epidurally administered morphine, alfetanil, butorphanol, tramadol and U50488H in horses . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 61 : 1579 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natalini , C C , Polydoro , A and Crosignani , N . 2007 . Effects of morphine or tramadol on thiopental anaesthetic induction dosage and physiologic variables in halothane anaesthetised dogs . Acta ScientiaeVeterinariae , 35 : 161 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Nieuwoudt , M , Kunnike , R , Smuts , M , Becker , J , Stegmann , G F , Van der Walt , C , Neser , J and van der Merwe , S . 2006 . Standardization criteria for an ischemic surgical model of acute hepatic failure in pigs . Biomaterials , 27 : 3836 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang , W F , Earley , B , Sweeney , T and Crowe , M A . 2006 . Effect of carprofen administration during banding or burdizzo castration of bulls on plasma cortisol, in vitro interferon γ production, acute-phase proteins, feed intake and growth . Journal of Animal Science , 84 : 351 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang , W F , Earley , B , Sweeney , T , Pirani , S , Gath , V and Crowe , M A . 2009 . Effects of banding or burdizzo castration of bulls on neutrophils phagocytosis and respiratory burst, CD62-L expression and serum interleukin-8 concentration . Journal of Animal Science , 87 : 3187 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson , I S , Kent , J E and Molony , V . 1994 . Effect of different method of castration on behaviour and plasma cortisol in calves of three ages . Research in Veterinary Science , 56 : 8 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stegmann , G F . 2009 . Cardiovascular effects of lumbar epidural anaesthesia in isoflurane-anaesthetized pigs during surgical removal of the liver . Journal of South African Veterinary Association , 80 : 37 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , R D , Westengard , J C , Hay , K L and Bull , B S . 1993 . Calibration and validation for erythrocyte sedimentation tests . Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , 117 : 719 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veering , B and Cousins , M J . 2000 . Cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of epidural anaesthesia . Anaesthesia and Intensive Care , 28 : 620 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber , P S , Madsen , S A , Smith , G W , Ireland , J J and Burton , J L . 2001 . Pre-translational regulation of neutrophil L-selectin in glucocorticoid-challenged cattle . Veterinary Immunopathology , 83 : 213 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar