Vitamin B12 status and the effects of vitamin B12 supplementation during the first year of life of spring calves from pasture-fed dairy herds

References

• Clark RG, Ellison RS, Kirk JA, Mortleman L, Williamson L, Henderson HV. Absence of a weight gain response to vitamin B12 supplementation in weaned beef cattle grazing pastures of marginal cobalt content. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 29, 443–8, 1986 doi: 10.1080/00288233.1986.10423496
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark RG, Wright DF, Millar KR, Rowland JD. Reference curves to diagnose cobalt deficiency in sheep using liver and serum vitamin B12 levels. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 37, 7–11, 1989 doi: 10.1080/00480169.1989.35537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark RG, Ellison RS, Mortleman L, Kirk JA, Henderson HV. Absence of a weight gain response to vitamin B12 supplementation in weaned dairy heifers grazing pastures of marginal cobalt content. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 47, 125–7, 1999 doi: 10.1080/00480169.1999.36128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace ND, Knowles SO. Lack of production response in grazing dairy cows supplemented with long-acting injectable vitamin B12. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 60, 95–9, 2012 doi: 10.1080/00480169.2011.639932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace ND, West DM. Effect of an injectable microencapsulated vitamin B12 on serum and liver vitamin B12 concentrations in calves. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 48, 70–3, 2000 doi: 10.1080/00480169.2000.36162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace ND, Knowles SO, Sinclair GR, Lee J. Growth response to increasing doses of microencapsulated vitamin B12 and related changes in tissue vitamin B12 concentrations in cobalt-deficient lambs (and erratum 52:51). New Zealand Veterinary Journal 51, 89–92, 2003 doi: 10.1080/00480169.2003.36345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Holmes CW, Brookes IM, Garrick DJ, Mackenzie DDS, Parkinson TJ, Wilson GF. Feeding and management of heifer replacements. In: Swain D (ed). Milk Production From Pasture: Principles and Practices. Pp 119–28. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, 2002
   Google Scholar
• Judson GJ, McFarlane JD, Riley MJ, Milne ML, Horne AC. Vitamin B12 and copper supplementation in beef calves. Australian Veterinary Journal 58, 249–52, 1982 doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1982.tb00688.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy DG, Young PB, Kennedy S, Scott JM, Molloy AM, Weir DG, Price J. Cobalt-vitamin B12 deficiency and the activity of methylmalonyl CoA mutase and methionine synthase in cattle. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 65, 241–7, 1995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowles SO, Grace ND. A recent assessment of the elemental composition of New Zealand pastures in relation to meeting the dietary requirements of grazing livestock. Journal of Animal Science 92, 303–10, 2014 doi: 10.2527/jas.2013-6847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lassiter CA, Ward GM, Huffman CF, Duncan CW. Crystalline vitamin B12 requirement of the young dairy calf. Journal of Dairy Science 36, 997–1005, 1953 doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(53)91587-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston TR, Archibald JDH, Tinkler W. The digestibility of grass by young calves. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge 48, 259–65, 1957 doi: 10.1017/S0021859600031610
   Google Scholar
• Rice DA, McLoughlin M, Blanchflower WJ, McMurray CH, Goodall EA. Sequential changes in plasma methylmalonic acid and vitamin B12 in sheep eating cobalt-deficient grass. Biological Trace Element Research 22, 153–64, 1989 doi: 10.1007/BF02916646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwab EC, Schwab CG, Shaver RD, Girard CL, Putnam DE, Whitehouse NL. Dietary forage and nonfiber carbohydrate contents influence B-vitamin intake, duodenal flow, and apparent ruminal synthesis in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 174–87, 2006 doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72082-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz FJ, Kirchgessner M, Stangl GI. Cobalt requirement of beef cattle - Feed intake and growth at different levels of cobalt supply. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 83, 121–31, 2000 doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0396.2000.00258.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith RM, Marston HR. Production, absorption, distribution and excretion of vitamin B12 in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 24, 857–77, 1970 doi: 10.1079/BJN19700092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stangl GI, Schwarz FJ, Müller H, Kirchgessner M. Evaluation of the cobalt requirement of beef cattle based on vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid. British Journal of Nutrition 84, 645–53, 2000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stemme K, Meyer U, Flachowsky G, Scholz H. The influence of an increased cobalt supply to dairy cows on the vitamin B12 status of their calves. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 90, 173–6, 2006 doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00584.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiffany ME, Spears JW, Xi L, Horton J. Influence of dietary cobalt source and concentration on performance, vitamin B12 status, and ruminal and plasma metabolites in growing and finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science 81, 3151–9, 2003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *West DM, Vermunt JJ. Liver biopsy in cattle. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Seminar of the Society of Dairy Cattle Veterinarians of the New Zealand Veterinary Association. Pp 206–7, 1995
   Google Scholar