113
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Virtual Intimacies: The Networks of Mary Penry

Works cited

  • Ames, Marjon. “Quaker Correspondence: Religious Identity and Communication Networks in the Interregnum Atlantic World.” Women and Epistolary Agency in Early Modern Culture, 1450–1690, edited by James Daybell and Andrew Gordon, Routledge, 2016, pp. 207–20.
  • Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Revised ed., Verso, 1991.
  • Atwood, Craig. Community of the Cross: Moravian Piety in Colonial Bethlehem. Penn State UP, 2004.
  • ———. “The Moravian Threat to the Old World Establishment.” Babel of the Atlantic, edited by Bethany Wiggin, Penn State UP, 2019, pp. 75–100.
  • ———, editor. A Collection of Sermons from Zinzendorf’s Pennsylvania Journey. Moravian Church, 2001.
  • Beachy, Robert. “Manuscript Missions in the Age of Print: Moravian Community in the Atlantic World.” Pious Pursuits: German Moravians in the Atlantic World, edited by Michelle Gillespie and Robert Beachy, Berghahn Books, 2007, pp. 33–49.
  • Beiler, Rosalind. “Dissenting Religious Communication Networks and Migration, 1660–1710.” Soundings in Atlantic History: Latent Structures and Intellectual Currents, 1500–1825, edited by Bernard Bailyn, Harvard UP, 2009, pp. 210–36.
  • Briggle, Adam. “Real Friends: How the Internet Can Foster Friendship.” Ethics and Information Technology, vol. 10, no. 1, 2008, pp. 71–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-008-9160-z.
  • Catron, John. “Early Black-Atlantic Christianity in the Middle Colonies: Social Mobility and Race in Moravian Bethlehem.” Pennsylvania History, vol. 76, no. 3, 2009, pp. 301–45.
  • Chambers, Deborah. New Social Ties: Contemporary Connections in a Fragmented Society, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
  • Chambers-Schiller, Lee Virginia. Liberty, a Better Husband: Single Women in America: The Generations of 1780–1840, Yale UP, 1984.
  • Cocking, Dean, and Steve Matthews. “Unreal Friends.” Ethics and Information Technology, vol. 2, no. 4, 2000, pp. 223–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011414704851.
  • Crabtree, Sarah. Holy Nation: The Transatlantic Quaker Ministry in an Age of Revolution, U of Chicago P, 2015.
  • Cressy, David. Coming Over: Migration and Communication between England and New England in the Seventeenth Century, Cambridge UP, 1987.
  • de Tschiersky, Augusta Erdmuth. Memoir. 11 Jan. 1765. Trans. Mary Penry. Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, Box: Gemein-Nachrichten, English Translations, 1765–1767, 1770–1775.
  • Dierks, Konstantin. In My Power: Letter Writing and Communications in Early America, U of Pennsylvania P, 2009.
  • Douglas, J. Yellowlees. “Virtual IntimacyTM and the Male Gaze Cubed: Interacting with Narratives on CD-ROM.” Leonardo, vol. 29, no. 3, 1996, pp. 207–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1576249.
  • Engel, Katherine Carté. Religion and Profit: Moravians in Early America, U of Pennsylvania P, 2009.
  • ———. “Moravians in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World.” Journal of Moravian History, vol. 12, no. 1, 2012, pp. 1–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.12.1.0001.
  • Erbe, Hellmuth. Bethlehem, Pa.: Eine kommunistische Herrnhuter Kolonie des 18 Jahrhunderts. 1929. Translated by Elisabeth Bahnson as “Bethlehem, Pa.: A Communistic Herrnhut colony of the 18th Century.” Typescript, Moravian Archives, Bethlehem.
  • Faull, Katherine M., editor. Moravian Women’s Memoirs: Their Related Lives, Syracuse UP, 1997.
  • Freist, Dagmar. “‘A Very Warm Surinam Kiss’: Staying Connected, Getting Engaged—Interlacing Social Sites of the Moravian Diaspora.” Connecting Worlds and People: Early Modern Diasporas, edited by Dagmar Freist and Susanne Lachenicht, Routledge, 2016, pp. 62–80.
  • Fries, Adelaide L., editor. Records of the Moravians in North Carolina. Volume 2: 1752–1775. Edwards & Broughton, 1925.
  • Fröding, Barbro, and Martin Peterson. “Why Virtual Friendship Is No Genuine Friendship.” Ethics and Information Technology, vol. 14, no. 3, 2012, pp. 201–07. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-011-9284-4.
  • Gallagher, Catherine. Nobody’s Story: The Vanishing Acts of Women Writers in the Marketplace, 1670–1820, U of California P, 1994.
  • Gollin, Gillian Lindt. Moravians in Two Worlds: A Study of Changing Communities, Columbia UP, 1967.
  • Gordon, Scott Paul. “Glad Passivity: Mary Penry of Lititz and the Making of Moravian Women.” Journal of Moravian History, vol. 13, no. 1, 2013, pp. 1–26.
  • ———. “Mary Penry and the Politics of Singleness.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 144, no. 3, 2020, pp. 262–89. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/pmh.2020.0024.
  • Gorry, G. Anthony. “Empathy in the Virtual World.” Chronicle of Higher Education, 31 Aug. 2009, www.chronicle.com/article/empathy-in-the-virtual-world. Accessed 7 May 2021.
  • Grassman, Rickard, and Peter Case. “Virtual Intimacy: Desire and Ideology in Virtual Social Networks.” Virtual Social Networks: Mediated, Massive and Multiplayer Sites, edited by Niki Panteli, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, pp. 173–93.
  • Harris, Keith M., and Elias Aboujaoude. “Online Friendship, Romance, and Sex: Properties and Associations of the Online Relationship Initiation Scale.” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, vol. 19, no. 8, 2016, pp. 487–93. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0164.
  • Hulsey, Timothy L. “Empathy 2.0: Virtual Empathy.” Phi Beta Kappa Forum on Education and Academics, Spring 2011, p. 23.
  • Irons, Charles F. “Evangelical Geographies of North Carolina.” New Voyages to Carolina: Reinterpreting North Carolina History, edited by Larry E. Tise and Jeffery J. Crow, U of North Carolina P, 2017, pp. 144–65.
  • Kamensky, Jane. The Colonial Mosaic: American Women, 1600–1760, Oxford UP, 1995.
  • Klepp, Susan E. “Fragmented Knowledge: Questions in Regional Demographic History.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 133, no. 2, 1989, pp. 223–33.
  • Landes, Jordan. London Quakers in the Trans-Atlantic World: The Creation of an Early Modern Community, Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
  • Lenhart, Amanda, et al. “Teens, Technology and Friendships: Video Games, Social Media and Mobile Phones Play an Integral Role in How Teens Meet and Interact with Friends.” 6 Aug. 2015, www.pewresearch.org/internet/2015/08/06/teens-technology-and-friendships. Accessed 7 May 2021.
  • Levering, Joseph Mortimer. A History of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1741–1892, Times Publishing, 1903.
  • McCullough, Thomas. “The Most Memorable Circumstances: Instructions for the Collection of Personal Data from Church Members, Circa 1752.” Journal of Moravian History, vol. 15, no. 2, 2015, pp. 158–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.15.2.0158.
  • McGlotten, Shaka. Virtual Intimacies: Media, Affect, and Queer Sociality, SUNY P, 2013.
  • Membership Catalog of the Single Sisters’ Choir. November 1758. Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, Catalogs of the Single Sisters and Girls in Bethlehem, 1754–1760, BethSS 26.
  • Mettele, Gisela. “Identities across Borders: The Moravian Brethren as a Global Community.” Pietism and Community in Europe and North America, 1650–1850, edited by Jonathan Strom, E. J. Brill, 2012, pp. 155–77.
  • ———. “Organizing Global Communications among Moravians during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.” Global Protestant Missions: Politics, Reform, and Communication, 1730s–1930s, edited by Jenna M. Gibbs, Routledge, 2020, pp. 185–208.
  • Miller, Derrick R. “Moravian Familiarities: Queer Community in the Moravian Church in Europe and North America in the Mid-Eighteenth Century.” Journal of Moravian History, vol. 13, no. 1, 2013, pp. 54–75.
  • Minutes of the Oeconomats-Conferenz in Bethlehem. 19 July 1765. Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, BethCong 48.
  • Moglen, Seth. “Excess and Utopia: Meditations on Moravian Bethlehem.” History of the Present, vol. 2, no. 2, 2012, pp. 122–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.5406/historypresent.2.2.0122.
  • O’Brien, Susan. “A Transatlantic Community of Saints: The Great Awakening and the First Evangelical Network, 1735–1755.” The American Historical Review, vol. 91, no. 4, 1986, pp. 811–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1873323.
  • Pearsall, Sarah. Atlantic Families: Lives and Letters in the Later Eighteenth Century, Oxford UP, 2011.
  • Penry, Mary. The Letters of Mary Penry: A Single Moravian Woman in Early America. edited by Scott Paul Gordon, Penn State UP, 2018.
  • Peter, Susanna. Memoir. 24 April 1760. Trans. Mary Penry. Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, Box: Gemein-Nachrichten, English Translations, 1765–1767, 1770–1775.
  • Peucker, Paul. “Inspired by Flames of Love: Homosexuality, Mysticism, and Moravian Brothers around 1750.” Journal of the History of Sexuality, vol. 15, no. 1, 2006, pp. 30–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/sex.2006.0059.
  • ———. “Cosmopolitan Moravians: ‘Community’ Meant the World to Early Moravians.” Moravian College Magazine, Summer 2009, p. 14.
  • ———. “In the Blue Cabinet: Moravians, Marriage, and Sex.” Journal of Moravian History, vol. 10, 2011, pp. 7–37.
  • ———. “Selection and Destruction in Moravian Archives between 1760 and 1810.” Journal of Moravian History, vol. 12, no. 2, 2012, pp. 170–215. doi:https://doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.12.2.0170.
  • Projects for the intended change of the Bethlehem Economy, re: Single Sisters. 1761. Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, Box: Transition Period 1761–1772.
  • Ritter, Abraham. History of the Moravian Church in Philadelphia, Hayes and Zell, 1857.
  • Schutt, Amy C. “Complex Connections: Communication, Mobility, and Relationships in Moravian Children’s Lives.” Journal of Moravian History, vol. 12, no. 1, 2012, pp. 20–46.
  • Scott, Veronica M., et al. “Does Virtual Intimacy Exist? A Brief Exploration into Reported Levels of Intimacy in Online Relationships.” CyberPsychology & Behavior, vol. 9, no. 6, 2006, pp. 759–61. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.759.
  • Seeman, Erik R. “‘It Is Better to Marry than to Burn’: Anglo-American Attitudes toward Celibacy, 1600–1800.” Journal of Family History, vol. 24, no. 4, 1999, pp. 397–419. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/036319909902400401.
  • Sensbach, John F. A Separate Canaan: The Making of an Afro-Moravian World in North Carolina, 1763–1840, U of North Carolina P, 1998.
  • Shields, Rob. The Virtual, Routledge, 2003.
  • Smaby, Beverly Prior. The Transformation of Moravian Bethlehem: From Communal Mission to Family Economy, U of Pennsylvania P, 1988.
  • ———. “Forming the Single Sisters’ Choir in Bethlehem.” Transactions of the Moravian Historical Society, vol. 28, 1994, pp. 1–14.
  • ———. “Female Piety Among Eighteenth-Century Moravians.” Pennsylvania History, vol. 64, 1997, pp. 151–67.
  • ———. “‘No One Should Lust for Power … Women Least of All’: Dismantling Female Leadership among Eighteenth-Century Moravians.” Pious Pursuits: German Moravians in the Atlantic World, edited by Michelle Gillespie and Robert Beachy, Berghahn Books, 2007a, pp. 159–75.
  • ———. “Gender Prescriptions in Eighteenth-Century Bethlehem.” Backcountry Crucibles: The Lehigh Valley from Settlement to Steel, edited by Jean Soderlund and Catherine Parzynski, Lehigh UP, 2007b, pp. 74–103.
  • Stoeffler, E. Ernest. German Pietism in the Eighteenth Century, E. J. Brill, 1973.
  • Thompson, Clive. “Brave New World of Digital Intimacy.” New York Times Magazine, 5 Sept. 2008, www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/magazine/07awareness-t.html. Accessed 7 May 2021.
  • Vajpayee, Soumya. “Is It Possible to Find True Bonds on Social Media?” Times of India, 3 Apr. 2019, timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/is-it-possible-to-find-true-bonds-on-social-media/articleshow/68669239.cms. Accessed 7 May 2021.
  • Vernon, James. Distant Strangers: How Britain Became Modern, U of California P, 2014.
  • Vogt, Peter. “‘Everywhere at Home’: The Eighteenth-Century Moravian Movement as a Transatlantic Religious Community.” Journal of Moravian History, vol. 1, 2006, pp. 7–29.
  • von Watteville, Johannes. Discourses to the Single Sisters. 13 June 1765, 11 July 1765, 19 Sept. 1765. Trans. Mary Penry. Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, Box: Gemein-Nachrichten, English Translations, 1765–1767, 1770–1775.
  • Warner, William B. Protocols of Liberty: Communication, Innovation, and the American Revolution, U of Chicago P, 2013.
  • Wells, Robert. “Quaker Marriage Patterns in a Colonial Perspective.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 29, no. 3, 1972, pp. 415–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1923872.
  • Wessel, Carola. “Connecting Congregations: The Net of Communication among the Moravians as Exemplified by the Interaction between Pennsylvania, the Upper Ohio Valley, and Germany (1772–1774).” The Distinctiveness of Moravian Culture, edited by Craig D. Atwood and Peter Vogt, Moravian Historical Society, 2003, pp. 153–72.
  • Wollin, Elizabeth Rosina. Memoir. 3 Sept. 1765. Trans. Mary Penry. Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, Box: Gemein-Nachrichten, English Translations, 1765–1767, 1770–1775.
  • “Women Priests in the Moravian Church in 1758.” This Month in Moravian History, no. 31, May 2008, www.moravianchurcharchives.org/thismonth/08%20may%20women%20priests.pdf. Accessed 7 May 2021.
  • Wood, Gordon. The Radicalism of the American Revolution, Random House, 1991.
  • Wulf, Karin. Not All Wives: Women of Colonial Pennsylvania, U of Pennsylvania P, 2000.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.