Penetration of diltiazem into breast milk and its pharmacokinetics in the lactating rabbit

References

• ARAMAYONA, J. J., BONATI, M., BORTOLOTTI, A., CASTELLI, D., GASPARI, F. and LUCHINI, G., 1991, Plasma protein binding of theophylline during development in the rabbit. iBiology of the Neonate, b60, 377–384.
   Google Scholar
• ARAMAYONA, bJ. bJ., MORA, bJ., FRAILE, L. bJ., GARCIA, M. A., ABADIA, A. bR. and BREGANTE, M. A., 1996, Penetration of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin into breast milk, and pharmacokinetics of the drugs in lactating rabbits and neonatal offspring. iAmerican Journal Veterinary of Research, b57, 547–553.
   Google Scholar
• BENGTSSON, bB., JACOBSSON, S. 0. and LUTHAMAN, bJ., 1997, Pharmacokinetics of penicilin-G in ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. iJournal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, b20, 258–267.
   Google Scholar
• BREGANTE, M.A., ARAMAYONA, bJ. bJ., FRAILE, L. bJ., GARCIA, M. A. and SOLANS, C., 2000, Dilitiazem blood pharmacokinetics in the pregnant and non-pregnant rabbit: maternal and foetal tissue levels. iXenobiotica, b30, 831–841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COURTIN, F., CRAIGMILL, A. L. and WETZLICH, S. E., 1997, Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur and metabolites after a single intravenous and intramuscular administrations of ceftiofur sodium to dairy goats. iJournal of Veterinaly Pharmacology and Therapeutics, b20, 368–373.
   Google Scholar
• FLEISHAKER, bJ. C. and MCNAMARA, P. bJ., 1988, iIn vivo evaluation in the lactating rabbit of a model for xenobiotics distribution into breast milk. iJournal of Veterinaly Pharmacology and Therapeutics, b244, 919–924.
   Google Scholar
• FRAILE, L. bJ., ARAMAYONA, bJ. bJ., BREGANTE, M. A., GARCIA, M. A. and ABADIA, A. bR., 1996, Deacetylation of diltiazem by several rabbit tissues. iPharmaceutical Research, b13, 1874–1879 .
   Google Scholar
• FRAILE, L. bJ., ARAMAYONA, bJ. bJ., GARCIA, M. A. and BREGANTE, M. A., 1997, Enhanced diltiazem deacetylase activity in pre-term and full-term rabbits compared with adult rabbits. iBiology of the Neonate., b72, 51–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FRAILE, L. bJ., BREGANTE, M. A., GARCIA, M. A. and SOLANS, C., 2001a, Altered diltiazem metabolism in neonatal rabbits following intra-uterine chronic exposure to diltiazem. iXenobiotica, b31, 177–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRAILE, L. bJ., BREGANTE, M. A., GARCIA, M. A. and SOLANS, C., 2001b, Development of diltiazem deacetylase and demethylase activities during ontogeny in rabbits. iXenobiotica, b31, 409-422. HOMSY, W., LEFEBVRE, M., CAILLE, G. and Du Souicu, bP., 1995, Metabolism of diltiazem in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues of rabbits: iin vitro studies. iPharmaceutical Research, b12, 609–614.
   Google Scholar
• LEBOEUF, E. and GRECH-BELANGER, 0., 1987, Deacetylation of diltiazem by rat liver. iDrug Metabolism iand Disposition, b15, 122–126.
   Google Scholar
• LOWRY, 0. bH., ROSEBROUGH, N. bJ., FARR, A. L. and RANDALL, bR. bJ., 1951, Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. iJournal of Biological Chemistry, b193, 265–275.
   Google Scholar
• MCNAMARA, P. bJ., BURGIO, D. and Yoo, S. bD., 1991, Pharmacokinetics of acetominophen, antipyrine and salicylic acid in the lactating and nursing rabbit, with model predictions of milk of milk to serum concentration ratios and neonatal dose. iToxicology and Applied Pharmacology, b109, 149–160.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OKADA, M., INOUE, bH., NAKAMURA, Y., KISHIMOTO, M., SUZUKI, T. and SEIYABU, T., 1985, Excretion of diltiazem in human milk. iNew England Journal Medicine, b321, 992–993.
   Google Scholar
• PICHARD, bL., GILLET, G., FABRE, bI., DALET-BELUCHE, bI., BONFILS, C., THENOT, bJ. P. and MAUREL, bP., 1990, Identification of the rabbit and human cytochromes P-450IIIA as the major enzymes involved in the N-demethylation of diltiazem. iDrug Metabolism and Disposition, b18, 711–719.
   Google Scholar
• PIEPHO, bR. W, BLOEDOW, D. C., LACZ, bJ. P, RUNSER, D. bJ., DIMMIT, D. C. and BROWNE, bR. K., 1982, Pharmacokinetics of diltiazem in selected animal species and human beings. iAmerican Journal of Cardiology, b49, 525–528.
   Google Scholar
• SUGAWARA, Y., NAKAMURA, S., USUKI, S., ITO, Y., SUZUKI, T., OHASHI, M. and HARIGAYA, S., 1988, Metabolism of diltiazem. bII. Metabolic profile in rat, dog and man. iJournal of Pharmacobiodynamics, b11, 224–233.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WEIR, M. bR., 1995, Diltiazem: ten years of clinical experience in the treatment of hypertension. iJournal of Clinical Pharmacology, b35, 220–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILSON, bJ., BROWN, bR. D. and CHERCK, D. bR., 1980, Drug excretion in human breast milk. Principles, pharmacokinetics and projected consequences. iClinical Pharmacokinetics, b5, 1–66.
   Google Scholar
• YABANA, bH., NAGAI), T. and SATO, M., 1985, Cardiovascular effects of the metabolites of diltiazem in dogs. iJournal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, b7, 152–157.
   Google Scholar
• YAMAOKA, K., NAKAGAWA, T. and UNO, T., 1978, Statistical moments in pharmacokinetics. iJournal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmacy, b6, 547–558.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• YEUNG, P. K. F., FENG, bJ. Z. and BUCKLEY, S. bJ., 1998, Pharmacokinetics and hypotensive effect of diltiazem in rabbits: comparison of diltiazem with its major metabolites. iJournal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, b50, 1247–1253.
   Google Scholar
• YEUNG, P. K. F., MONTAGUE, T. bJ., bTsui, bB. and MCGREGOR, C., 1989, High-perfomance liquid chromatographic assay of diltiazem and six of its metabolites in plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers. iJournal of Pharmaceutical Science, b78, 592–597.
   Google Scholar
• YEUNG, P. K. F., MOSHER, S. bJ. and POLLAK, P. T., 1991, Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of diltiazem in rabbits after a single intravenous or single oral administration. iEuropean Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, b16, 69–74.
   Google Scholar
• YEUNG, P. K. F., MOSHER, S. bJ., QUILLIAM, M. A. and MONTAGUE, T. J., 1990, Species comparison of pharmacokinetics and metabolism of diltiazem in humans, dogs, rabbits and rats. iDrug Metabolism and Disposition, b18, 1055–1059.
   Google Scholar
• YEUNG, P. K. F., PRESCOTT, C., HADDAD, C., MONTAGUE, T. J., MCGREGOR, C., QUILLIAM, M. A., XEI, M., FARMER, P., Li, R. and KLASSEN, G. A., 1993, Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of diltiazem in healthy males and females following a single oral dose. iEuropean Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, b18, 199–206.
   Google Scholar