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Ntusi and Bigo

Farmers, cattle-herders and rulers in western Uganda, AD 1000–1500

Pages 39-72 | Published online: 26 Feb 2010

Bibliography

  • Wayland , E. J. 1934 . Notes on the Biggo bya Mugenyi: some ancient earthworks in northern Buddu . Uganda Journal , II : 21 – 32 . — includes, besides A.D. Combe's plans and descriptions of Bigo and other earthworks on the south side of the Katonga, some description of Ntusi, of excavations conducted in mounds there by Wayland and Combe, and Wayland's plan and description of bwogero (which he headed ‘ancient irrigation works’). These investigations took place in 1921 ‘or thereabouts (and Wayland's article also incorporates material from D.L. Baines’ notes of 1909). The principal researches conducted at Bigo and Ntusi are reported in the following journal articles:
  • Lanning , E. C. 1953 . Ancient earthworks in western Uganda . Uganda Journal , XVII : 51 – 62 . — a regional survey with descriptions of prominent sites
  • Mathew , A. G. 1953 . Recent discoveries in East African archaeology . Antiquity , XXVII : 212 – 19 . — brought the importance of both Ntusi and Bigo to general archaeological notice
  • Shinnie , P. L. 1960 . Excavations at Bigo, 1957 . Uganda Journal , XXIV : 16 – 29 .
  • Posnansky , M. 1968 . The excavation of an Ankole capital site at Bweyorere . Uganda Journal , XXXII : 165 – 82 . — a project undertaken in 1959, in some respects preliminary to the Bigo excavations of 1960 (next article). (On Ankole/Nkore capitals, see also R. Oliver, ‘Ancient capital sites in Uganda’ Uganda Journal XXIII (1959), p.51–63; and A. Reid and P. Robertshaw, ‘A new look at Ankole capitals’ Azania XXII (1987), p.83–8.)
  • Posnansky , M. 1969 . Bigo bya Mugenyi . Uganda Journal , XXXIII : 125 – 50 . — report on excavations of 1960 (with an annotated bibliography, p.147–9)
  • Lanning , E. C. 1970 . Ntusi: an ancient capital site in western Uganda . Azania , V : 39 – 54 .
  • Sutton , J. E.G. 1985 . Ntusi and the “dams” . Azania , XX : 172 – 5 . — a reconsideration of bwogero
  • Sutton , J. E.G. 1993 . The antecedents of the interlacustrine kingdoms . Journal of African History , XXXIV : 33 – 64 . — includes summary descriptions of Ntusi and Bigo and other earthwork and shrine sites in Bwera, Bunyoro and adjacent parts (including the results of recent excavations), and discusses their dating and significance for regional history
  • Robertshaw , P. and Kamuhangire , E. 1996 . “ The present in the past: archaeological sites, oral traditions, shrines and politics in Uganda ” . In Aspects of African Archaeology Edited by: Gilbert , Pwiti and Robert , Soper . 739 – 43 . Harare : Papers from the Tenth Congress of the Pan-African Association for Prehistory .

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