Ship engravings at Kilepwa, Mida Creek, Kenya

References

• Abungu, G. 1994. “The new finds along the Kenyan coast.” Kenya Past and Present 26: 41.
   Google Scholar
• Agius, D. 2008. Classic Ships of Islam: from Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, J. and Wilson, T. 1979. Swahili Houses and Tombs of the Coast of Kenya. London: Art and Archaeology Research Papers.
   Google Scholar
• Bita, C. 2006. “Excavations at Khatibu Mosque, Malindi.” Archaeological Impact Assessment, National Museums of Kenya.
   Google Scholar
• Bita, C. 2012. “The origin of Malindi town. A case study of Mambrui.” Unublished MA dissertation, University of Dar es Salaam.
   Google Scholar
• Bita, C. 2014. “Ngomeni shipwreck, report and future plans.” Underwater Archaeology Project Report. National Museums of Kenya.
   Google Scholar
• Chittick, H.N. 1974. Kilwa: An Islamic Trading City on the East African Coast. Nairobi: British Institute in Eastern Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Chittick, H.N. 1984. Manda: Excavations at an Island Port on the Kenya Coast. Nairobi: British Institute in Eastern Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Christie, A. 2013. “Exploring the social context of maritime exploitation in Tanzania between the 14th -18th c. AD: recent research from the Mafia Archipelago”. In Prehistoric Marine Resource Use in the Indo-Pacific Regions. Terra Australis 39, edited by Ono R., Morrison, A. and Addison, D. Canberra: Australian National University.
   Google Scholar
• De Leeuwe, R. 2004. Seascape and Sailing Ships of Swahili Shores. Leiden: Gouda.
   Google Scholar
• Dhoop, T., Cooper, C. and Copeland, P. 2016. “Recording and analysis of ship graffiti in St. Thomas’ church and Blackfriars Barn Undercroft in Winchelsea, East Sussex, UK.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 45: 296–309. doi: 10.1111/1095-9270.12179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickson, H. 2015. The Arab of the Desert: A Glimpse into Badawin Life in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Riyadh: Routledge Library Editions.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman-Grenville, G. 1962. The East African Coast: Select Documents from the First to the Earlier Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Garlake, P. and Garlake, M. 1964. “Early ship engravings of the East African coast.” Tanganyika Notes and Records 63: 197–206.
   Google Scholar
• Ghaidan, U. 1992. Lamu: A Study of the Swahili Town. Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau.
   Google Scholar
• Helms, S. 1975. “Ship graffiti in the church of San Marco in Venice.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration 4: 229–236. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-9270.1975.tb00916.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddon, A. 1918. “The outrigger canoe of East Africa.” Man 18: 49–54. doi: 10.2307/2788184
   Google Scholar
• Hornell, J. 1942a. “Sea-going mtepe and dau from Lamu.” Tanganyika Notes and Records 14: 27–37.
   Google Scholar
• Hornell, J. 1942b. “A tentative classification of Arab sea-craft.” Mariners’ Mirror 28: 11–40. doi: 10.1080/00253359.1942.10658785
   Google Scholar
• Horton, M. 1996. Shanga: The Archaeology of a Muslim Trading Community on the Coast of East Africa. London: British Institute in Eastern Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Horton, M. and Middleton, J. 2000. The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Society. Oxford: Blackwells.
   Google Scholar
• Hourani, F. 1963. Arab Seafaring. Beirut: Khayats.
   Google Scholar
• Inghams, K. 1962. History of East Africa. London: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Kirkman, J.S. 1952. “The excavations at Kilepwa: an introduction to the medieval archaeology of the Kenya coast.” The Antiquaries Journal 32: 168–84. doi: 10.1017/S0003581500076812
   Google Scholar
• Kirkman, J.S. 1953. “The House of the Dhow.” Journal of the East African Natural History Society 22: 40–41.
   Google Scholar
• Kirkman, J.S. 1958. “The Great Pillar of Malindi and Mambrui.” Ars Orientalis 11: 174–182.
   Google Scholar
• Kirkman, J.S. 1964. Men and Monuments on the East African Coast. London: Lutterworth.
   Google Scholar
• Kirkman, J.S. 1963. Gedi: The Palace. The Hague: Mouton.
   Google Scholar
• Kirkman, J.S. 1975. “Some conclusions from archaeological excavations on the coast of Kenya, 1948–1966.” In East Africa and the Orient: Cultural Syntheses in Pre-Colonial Times, edited by H.N. Chittick and R. Rothberg, 226–247. New York and London: Africana.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, E. 1975. The History of Malindi: A Geographical Analysis of an East African Coastal Town from the Portuguese Period to the Present. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, E. and Martin C. 1978. Cargoes of the East: The Ports, Trade and Culture of Arabian Seas and Western Indian Ocean. Elm: Tree Books.
   Google Scholar
• Meier, P. 2016. Swahili Port Cities: The Architecture of Elsewhere. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pollard, E. and Ichumbaki, E.B. 2016. “Why land here? Ports and harbours in southeast Tanzania in the early second millennium AD.” Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564894.2016.1218395
   Google Scholar
• Pollard, E., Bates, R., Ichumbaki, E.B. and Bita, C. 2016. “Shipwrecks evidence from Kilwa, Tanzania.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 45: 352–369. doi: 10.1111/1095-9270.12185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prins, A.H.J. 1965. Sailing from Lamu: A Study of Maritime Culture in Islamic East Africa. Assen: Van Gorcum.
   Google Scholar
• Prins, A.H.J. 1982. “The mtepe of Lamu, Mombasa and the Zanzibar Sea.” Paideuma 28: 85–100.
   Google Scholar
• Rivera-Collazo, I. 2006. “Historical ship graffiti on the walls of San Juan’s Spanish defence system: an interim report.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 35: 41–52. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-9270.2006.00092.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, J. 1995. A Brief History of the Portuguese Chapel and Vasco da Gama’s Pillar. Malindi: Malindi Museum Society.
   Google Scholar
• Sheriff, A. 2010. Dhow Cultures of the Indian Ocean. London: Hurst.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, G. 2006. “Bahamian ship graffiti.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 35: 253–273. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-9270.2006.00102.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vernet, T. 2015. “East African travellers and traders in the Indian Ocean: Swahili ships, Swahili mobilities ca. 1500–1800.” In Trade, Circulation, and Flow in the Indian Ocean World, edited by M. Pearson, 167–202. Houndmills: Pearson Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Vosmer, T. nd. “The jewel of Muscat: reconstructing a ninth-century sewn-plank boat.” https://www.asia.si.edu/Shipwrecked/downloads/08Vosmer.pdf Site accessed 20 October 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Walsh, M.J. 2008. “‘On the princypalle havens of the see.’ The port of Famagusta and the ship graffiti in the church of St. George of the Greeks, Cyprus.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 37: 115–129. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-9270.2007.00171.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westerdahl, C. 2013. “Medieval carved ship images found in Nordic churches: the poor man’s votive ships?” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 42: 337–347. doi: 10.1111/1095-9270.12010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, L. 1978. Medieval Religion and Technology: Collected Essays. Berkeley: University of California.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson. T. 1980. The Monumental Architecture and Archaeology of the Central and Southern Kenya Coast. Nairobi: National Museums of Kenya.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, T. 1982. “Spatial analysis and settlement patterns of the East African coast.” Paideuma 28: 201–219.
   Google Scholar