Chemical analyses of glass beads from two Early Iron Age sites in Zimbabwe: Zhizo Hill and Makuru

References

• Calabrese, J. 2005. “Ethnicity, class, and politics: the emergence of social and political complexity in the Shashe-Limpopo area of southern Africa, AD 900 to 1300.” PhD diss., University of the Witwatersrand.
   Google Scholar
• Daggett, A. 2016. “Early Iron Age social and economic organization in Sowa Pan, Botswana.” PhD diss., Michigan State University.
   Google Scholar
• Denbow, J.R., Klehm, C. and Dussubieux, L. 2015. “The glass beads of Kaitshàa and early Indian Ocean trade into the far interior of southern Africa.” Antiquity 89: 361–377. doi: 10.15184/aqy.2014.50
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dussubieux, L., Robertshaw, P.T. and Glascock, M. 2009. “LA-ICP-MS analysis of African glass beads: laboratory inter-comparison with an emphasis on the impact of corrosion on data interpretation.” International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 284: 152–161. doi: 10.1016/j.ijms.2008.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouché, L. (ed.). 1937. Mapungubwe: Ancient Bantu Civilisation on the Limpopo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Huffman, T.N. 1973. “Test excavations at Makuru, Rhodesia.” Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 5: 1–21.
   Google Scholar
• Huffman, T.N. 1974. The Leopards Kopje Tradition. Salisbury: National Monuments and Museums of Rhodesia, Museum Memoir 6.
   Google Scholar
• Huffman, T.N. 2007. Handbook to the Iron Age: The Archaeology of Pre-Colonial Farming Societies in Southern Africa. Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.
   Google Scholar
• Huffman, T.N. 2009. “A cultural proxy for drought: ritual burning in the Iron Age of Southern Africa.” Journal of Archaeological Science 36: 991–1005. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2008.11.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huffman, T.N. and Vogel, J.C. 1991. “The chronology of Great Zimbabwe.” South African Archaeological Bulletin 46: 61–70. doi: 10.2307/3889086
   Google Scholar
• Huffman, T.N. and Woodborne, S. 2016. “Archaeology, baobabs and climate: cultural proxies and environmental data from the Mapungubwe landscape, southern Africa.” The Holocene 26: 464–470. doi: 10.1177/0959683615609753
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, P.J. 2002. The Archaeology of Southern Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Raath, A. 2014. “An archaeological investigation of Zhizo/Leokwe foodways at Schroda and Pont Drift, Limpopo Valley, South Africa.” PhD diss., Yale University.
   Google Scholar
• Robertshaw, P.T., Wood, M., Melchiorre, E., Popelka-Filcoff, R. and Glascock, M. 2010. “Southern African glass beads: chemistry, glass sources and patterns of trade.” Journal of Archaeological Science 37: 1898–1912. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2010.02.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, K. 1966. “The Leopard's Kopje Culture, its position in the Iron Age of Southern Rhodesia.” South African Archaeological Bulletin 21: 5–51. doi: 10.2307/3887697
   Google Scholar
• Wilmsen, E.N. 2014. “Myths, gender, birds, beads: a reading of Iron Age hill sites in interior southern Africa.” Africa 84: 398–423. doi: 10.1017/S0001972014000370
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, M. 2011. “A glass bead sequence for southern Africa from the 8th to the 16th century A.D.” Journal of African Archaeology 9: 67–84. doi: 10.3213/1612-1651-10184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, M. 2016. “Glass beads from pre-European contact sub-Saharan Africa: Peter Francis's work revisited and updated.” Archaeological Research in Asia 6: 65–80. doi: 10.1016/j.ara.2016.02.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, M., Dussubieux, L. and Robertshaw, P.T. 2012. “Glass finds from Chibuene, a 6th to 17th century AD port in southern Mozambique.” South African Archaeological Bulletin 67: 59–74.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, M., Panighello, S., Orsega, E., Robertshaw, P.T., van Elteren, J., Crowther, A., Horton, M.C. and Boivin, N. 2017. “Zanzibar and Indian Ocean trade in the first millennium CE: the glass bead evidence”. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 9: 879–901. doi: 10.1007/s12520-015-0310-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar